基于机床运动学模型的加工面形误差影响因素
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摘要
面形精度是衡量工件加工面精度的一个重要指标,机床误差是影响工件面形精度的最关键因素。构建了5-DOF串并联机床运动学正解和逆解模型,并采用Matlab软件进行编程,对机床的11项误差参数进行设定,研究了误差参数对工件面形误差的影响。研究表明,机床上并联的3个连杆各自的角度误差对工件面形误差的影响非常相近;立柱根部Z向角度误差引起的工件面形误差最大,0. 15°的角度误差引起的工件表面最大面形误差达7. 7 mm;机床上位置误差项对工件面形误差的影响普遍小于角度误差项,立柱根部X向位置误差引起的工件面形误差最大,1 mm位置误差引起的工件表面最大面形误差为1. 374 4 mm。该研究可为机床公差设计、刚度控制以及安装调整提供重要的依据。
The surface shape accuracy is an important index to measure the precision of the machining surface of a workpiece. The error of machine tool is the most important factor that affects the surface shape accuracy of the workpiece. The forward kinematic model and inverse kinematic model of 5-DOF series-parallel machine tool were established and imported into Matlab software in the form of programming. The 11 error parameters of the machine tool are set,and its effect on the surface shape error of the workpiece is studied. The research shows that surface shape errors of the workpiece caused by angle errors of the three parallel connecting rods on the machine tool are very close. The maximum surface shape error is caused by Z direction angle error of column root( ΔΨ_(AS)= 0. 15°),which is 7. 7 mm. The effect of the position error on the surface form error of the workpiece is generally less than that of the angle error. The maximum surface shape error caused by position errors is caused by X direction position error of column root( ΔX_(AS)= 1 mm),which is 1. 374 4 mm. The results can provide an important basis for the tolerance design,stiffness control and installation and adjustment of machine tools.
The surface shape accuracy is an important index to measure the precision of the machining surface of a workpiece. The error of machine tool is the most important factor that affects the surface shape accuracy of the workpiece. The forward kinematic model and inverse kinematic model of 5-DOF series-parallel machine tool were established and imported into Matlab software in the form of programming. The 11 error parameters of the machine tool are set,and its effect on the surface shape error of the workpiece is studied. The research shows that surface shape errors of the workpiece caused by angle errors of the three parallel connecting rods on the machine tool are very close. The maximum surface shape error is caused by Z direction angle error of column root( ΔΨ_(AS)= 0. 15°),which is 7. 7 mm. The effect of the position error on the surface form error of the workpiece is generally less than that of the angle error. The maximum surface shape error caused by position errors is caused by X direction position error of column root( ΔX_(AS)= 1 mm),which is 1. 374 4 mm. The results can provide an important basis for the tolerance design,stiffness control and installation and adjustment of machine tools.
引文
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[14]黄强,高婵君.基于三维矢量链的机床误差模型及误差累积预测[J].中国机械工程,2014,25(7). 857-861,862.
[2]Ramesh R,Mannan M A,Poo A N. Error compensation in machine tools—a review:Part I:geometric,cutting-force induced and fixture-de-pendent errors[J]. International Journal of Machine Tools&Manufacture,2000,40(9):1235-1256.
[3]Li J,Xie F,Liu X J,et al. A geometric error identification method forthe swiveling axes of five-axis machine tools by static R-test[J]. Inter-national Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2017,89(9-12):3393-3405.
[4]Chen J X,Lin S W,Zhou X L. A comprehensive error analysis methodfor the geometric error of multi-axis machine tool[J]. International Jour-nal of Machine Tools&Manufacture,2016,106:56-66.
[5]Lei W T,Hsu Y Y. Accuracy enhancement of five-axis CNC machinesthrough real-time error compensation[J]. International Journal ofMachine Tools&Manufacture,2003,43(9):871-877.
[6]Bohez E L J,Ariyajunya B,Sinlapeecheewa C,et al. Systematic geo-metric rigid body error identification of 5-axis milling machines[J].Computer-Aided Design,2007,39(4):229-244.
[7]Kiridena V,Ferreira P M. Mapping the effects of positioning errors onthe volumetric accuracy of five-axis CNC machine tools[J].International Journal of Machine Tools&Manufacture,1993,33(3):417-437.
[8]Lin P D,Tzeng C S. Modeling and measurement of active parametersand workpiece home position of a multi-axis machine tool[J]. Interna-tional Journal of Machine Tools&Manufacture,2008,48(3):338-349.
[9] Zhu S,Ding G,Qin S,et al. Integrated geometric error modeling,identification and compensation of CNC machine tools[J].International Journal of Machine Tools&Manufacture, 2012, 52(1):24-29.
[10]Li D,Feng P,Zhang J,et al. An identification method for key geo-metric errors of machine tool based on matrix differential andexperimental test[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engi-neers,Part C:Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science. 2014,228(17):3141–3155.
[11]Fan K C,Wang H,Zhao J W,et al. Sensitivity analysis of the 3-PRSparallel kinematic spindle platform of a serial-parallel machine tool[J]. International Journal of Machine Tools&Manufacture,2003,43(15):1561-1569.
[12]谢福贵,刘辛军,陈禹臻.一种新型虚拟中心并联机构的误差灵敏度分析[J].机械工程学报,2013,49(17):85-91.
[13]陈国达,梁迎春,孙雅洲,等.基于机床体误差模型的加工面形误差预测[J].纳米技术与精密工程,2014,12(4):242-248.
[14]黄强,高婵君.基于三维矢量链的机床误差模型及误差累积预测[J].中国机械工程,2014,25(7). 857-861,862.