脑组织缺损个体的生命弹性
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摘要
人没脑就无法存活,这是人们普遍认可的一个医学基本常识。脑是目前已知的最为复杂的结构,也是人体最重要的器官。脑,既是人体生命中枢,又是情感、思维等认知活动的物质基础,但此论断仍存诸多困惑。本文通过列举医学实践中发现的部分脑组织严重缺损的个体生命存活案例,探讨"生命对脑的依赖程度"及其折射出的生命内在机能自我调整的巨大弹性,为客观认识脑与生命的关系拓宽思路。
It has been accepted commonly as a basic common sense that people can not live without a brain. The human brain is not only the most complex structure as far as we know, but also the most important organ of our body. However,it still confuses us that the human brain is the vital center and the material basis of cognitive activities such as memory,emotion and thinking. Here we present a case series of lives without a complete brain to show the survival with severe cerebral defects, which help to expand ideas on the relationship between the brain and life.
It has been accepted commonly as a basic common sense that people can not live without a brain. The human brain is not only the most complex structure as far as we know, but also the most important organ of our body. However,it still confuses us that the human brain is the vital center and the material basis of cognitive activities such as memory,emotion and thinking. Here we present a case series of lives without a complete brain to show the survival with severe cerebral defects, which help to expand ideas on the relationship between the brain and life.
引文
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[3]University of Glasgow. Scientists reveal secret of girl with ‘all seeing eye’[EB/OL].(2009-07-20)[2018-02-02].https://www.gla.ac.uk/news/archiveofnews/2009/july/headline_125704_en.html.
[4]Marshall K, Marrapodi E. Born with half a brain, woman living full life[EB/OL].(2009-10-13)[2018-02-04]. http://edition.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/10/12/woman.brain/index.html?iref=24hours.
[5]Paul S. My little girl was born with only half a brain[EB/OL].(2007-05-18)[2018-02-04]. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-455855/My-little-girl-born-half-brain.html.
[6]Lewin R. Is your brain really necessary?[J]. Science, 1980,210(4475):1232-1234.
[7]Feuillet L, Dufour H, Pelletier J. Brain of a white-collar worker[J]. Lancet, 2007, 370(9583):262.
[8]Garcia AM, Sedeno L, Herrera Murcia E, et al. A lesionproof brain? multidimensional sensorimotor, cognitive, and socio-affective preservation despite extensive damage in a stroke patient[J]. Front Aging Neurosci, 2016, 8:335.
[9]Yu F, Jiang QJ, Sun XY, et al. A new case of complete primary cerebellar agenesis:clinical and imaging findings in a living patient[J]. Brain, 2015, 138(Pt 6):e353.
[10]Forrester MB, Merz RD. First-year mortality rates for selected birth defects, Hawaii, 1986-1999[J]. Am J Med Genet A, 2003, 119A(3):311-318.
[11]McAbee G, Sherman J, Canas JA, et al. Prolonged survival of two anencephalic infants[J]. Am J Perinatol, 1993,10(2):175-177.
[12]Dickman H, Fletke K, Redfern RE. Prolonged unassisted survival in an infant with anencephaly[J]. BMJ Case Rep,2016:1-3.
[13]Choe J.‘He taught us how to be a family’:Heartbreak for parents as boy born without a brain dies after three-year‘miracle life’[EB/OL].(2012-12-02)[2018-02-08]. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2226647/Nickolas-CokeBoy-born-brain-dies-3-year-miracle-life.htmlx.
[14]Edinger L, Fischer B. Anencephaly:survival three and threequarter years[J]. Lancet, 1914, 184(4746):461-462.
[15]海市蜃楼.无头人[EB/OL].(2011-12-06)[2018-01-25].http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6bf182d40100wk9h.html.
[16]Ogura A, Takahashi K. Artificial deciliation causes loss of calcium-dependent responses in Paramecium[J]. Nature,1976, 264(5582):170-172.
[17]Reid CR, Latty T, Dussutour A, et al. Slime mold uses an externalized spatial “memory” to navigate in complex environments[J].ProcNatlAcadSciUSA,2012,109(43):17490-17494.
[18]Katsuki T, Greenspan RJ. Jellyfish nervous systems[J]. Curr Biol, 2013, 23(14):R592-594.
[19]Gill V. Jellyfish ‘can sense ocean currents’-BBC News[EB/OL].(2015-01-23)[2018-02-28]. http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-30936192.
[20]New World Encyclopedia contributors. Starfish[EB/OL].(2008-04-02)[2018-02-28]. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Starfish.
[21]SaràM. Sponge[EB/OL].(2017-8-27)[2018-03-01].https://www.britannica.com/animal/sponge-animal.
[22]A-Z Animals. Sea Urchin (Echinoidea)[EB/OL].(2009-12-21)[2018-03-10]. https://a-z-animals.com/animals/sea-urchin/.
[23]Yana Korsakova. Animals that don’t need a brain to live[EB/OL].(2018-05-14)[2018-05-20]. https://welikeworld.com/animals-that-dont-need-a-brain-to-live/.
[24] Wikipedia contributors. Mike the Headless Chicken[EB/OL].(2018-04-10)[2018-05-18].https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mike_the_Headless_Chicken&oldid=835715501.
[25]Johansson BB. Brain plasticity and stroke rehabilitation.The Willis lecture[J]. Stroke, 2000, 31(1):223-230.