温度对中华通草蛉捕食麦长管蚜的影响
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摘要
为明确温度对中华通草蛉Chrysoperla sinica捕食麦蚜能力的影响,充分发挥其控害潜能,本研究利用年龄-龄期两性生命表方法,研究了5个温度下(16℃、19℃、22℃、25℃、28℃)中华通草蛉幼虫对麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae的捕食能力。结果发现,1龄幼虫在19℃条件下捕食量最高,16℃条件下捕食量最低,且差异显著。2龄幼虫不同温度处理间捕食量均无显著性差异,3龄幼虫捕食麦长管蚜数量则随处理温度的提高而显著降低,而幼虫期总捕食量除28℃在不同温度间均无显著性差异。2龄幼虫平均捕食率高于1龄幼虫,但显著低于3龄幼虫。年龄-龄期捕食率结果说明,温度升高缩短了幼虫发育时间,但提高了其捕食能力;虽然不同温度处理总捕食量不变,但高温缩短了幼虫捕食所消耗的时间。22℃条件下中华通草蛉雌成虫期长(96.63 d),产卵期长(55.36 d),繁殖力强(310.36),平均世代周期(T)短(48.99 d),容易产生世代重叠现象;内禀增长率(r)和周限增长率(λ)显示中华通草蛉种群呈正增长趋势。研究结果对于春季田间释放中华通草蛉防治麦长管蚜具有一定参考价值。
To determine the predation capacity of Chrysoperla sinica on Sitobion avenae at different temperatures, the age-stage two sex life table method was used to analyze the predation of C.sinica on S.avenae under different temperatures(16℃, 19℃, 22℃, 25℃ and 28℃). There had significantly differences on the numbers of S.avenae preyed by 1~(st) instar larvae under different temperatures, but no significantly differences on the numbers of S.avenae preyed by 2~(nd) instar larvae. The number of 3~(rd) instar larvae preyed on wheat aphid increased significantly with the increase of treatment temperature. The larvae total predation rate of C.sinica on S.avenae had no significant difference under different temperature treatments besides 28℃. The average predation rate in 2~(nd) instar stage was higher than that in 1~(st) instar, and significantly less than that of 3~(rd) instar larvae. The results of the age-stage predation rate showed that the temperature increase shortened the larval development time, but increased its predation ability; although the number of aphid consumed at different temperatures had no significantly difference, the time consumed by the larvae was shortened by the high temperature. Under 22℃, C.sinica had a long female adult longevity(96.63 d), a long spawning duration(55.36 d), a big fecundity ability(310.36 offsprings), and a short mean generation time(T)(48.99 d), all of the parameters showed that the lacewing could be easy to form overlapping generations. The intrinsic rate of increase(r) and the finite rate of increase(λ) showed positive growth trend of C.sinica population. The average predation rate in 2~(nd) instar stage was higher than that in 1~(st) instar, and significantly less than that of 3~(rd) instar larvae. These findings show important reference value to release C.sinica as biological control strategy on S.avenae in spring.
To determine the predation capacity of Chrysoperla sinica on Sitobion avenae at different temperatures, the age-stage two sex life table method was used to analyze the predation of C.sinica on S.avenae under different temperatures(16℃, 19℃, 22℃, 25℃ and 28℃). There had significantly differences on the numbers of S.avenae preyed by 1~(st) instar larvae under different temperatures, but no significantly differences on the numbers of S.avenae preyed by 2~(nd) instar larvae. The number of 3~(rd) instar larvae preyed on wheat aphid increased significantly with the increase of treatment temperature. The larvae total predation rate of C.sinica on S.avenae had no significant difference under different temperature treatments besides 28℃. The average predation rate in 2~(nd) instar stage was higher than that in 1~(st) instar, and significantly less than that of 3~(rd) instar larvae. The results of the age-stage predation rate showed that the temperature increase shortened the larval development time, but increased its predation ability; although the number of aphid consumed at different temperatures had no significantly difference, the time consumed by the larvae was shortened by the high temperature. Under 22℃, C.sinica had a long female adult longevity(96.63 d), a long spawning duration(55.36 d), a big fecundity ability(310.36 offsprings), and a short mean generation time(T)(48.99 d), all of the parameters showed that the lacewing could be easy to form overlapping generations. The intrinsic rate of increase(r) and the finite rate of increase(λ) showed positive growth trend of C.sinica population. The average predation rate in 2~(nd) instar stage was higher than that in 1~(st) instar, and significantly less than that of 3~(rd) instar larvae. These findings show important reference value to release C.sinica as biological control strategy on S.avenae in spring.
引文
Casas J,Hulliger B.Statistical analysis of functional response experiments [J].Biocontrol Science and Technology,1994,4 (2):133-145.
Chen ZZ,Li MG,Guo YN,et al.Effects of photoperiod and temperature on the post-diapause biology of Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder) adults in different overwintering periods [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46 (8):1610-1618.[陈珍珍,李明贵,郭亚楠,等.光周期和温度对中华通草蛉不同越冬时期成虫滞育后生物学特性的影响 [J].中国农业科学,2013,46 (8):1610-1618]
Cheng LL,Nechols JR,Margolies DC,et al.Assessment of prey preference by the mass-produced generalist predator,Mallada basalis (Walker) (Neuroptera:Chrysopidae),when offered two species of spider mites,Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida and Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari:Tetranychidae),on papaya [J].Biological Control,2010,53 (3):267-272.
Cheng LY,Liao XJ,Xu LX,et al.Two sex life table and predation of Chrysopa pallens (Rambur) feeding on Megoura japonica (Matsumura) [J].Acta Phytophylacica Sinica,2014,41 (6):680-686.[程丽媛,廖先骏,徐龙祥,等.以豌豆修尾蚜为猎物的大草蛉两性生命表和捕食率 [J].植物保护学报,41 (6):680-686]
Chi H.Life-table analysis incorporating both sexes and variable development rates among individuals [J].Environmental Entomology,1988,17 (1):26-34.
Chi H.CONSUME-MSChart:Computer program for consumption rate analysis based on the age stage,two-sex life table,2014.http://140.120.197.173/ecology/.
Chi H.TWOSEX-MSChart:A computer program for the age-stage,two-sex life table analysis.National Chung Hsing University,Taichung,Taiwan,China.2016.Available at:http://140.120.197.173/Ecology/.
Chi H,Liu H.Two new methods for the study of insect population ecology [J].Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology,Academia Sinica,1985,24 (2):225-240.
Chi H,Yang TC.Two-sex life table and predation rate of Propylaea japonica Thunberg (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae) fed on Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera:Aphididae) [J].Environmental Entomology,2003,32 (2):327-333.
Ding YK,Chen YP.Predation pattern of the green lacewing,Chrysoperla sinica on cotton aphid and cotton bollworm [J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,1986,2 (3):97-102.[丁岩钦,陈玉平.中华草蛉对棉蚜与棉铃虫的捕食作用研究 [J].生物防治通报,1986,2 (3):97-102]
Farhadi R,Allahyari H,Chi H.Life table and predation capacity of Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae) feeding on Aphis fabae (Hemiptera:Aphididae) [J].Biological Control,2011,59 (2):83-89.
Gibson CM,Hunter MS.Reconsideration of the role of yeasts associated with Chrysoperla green lacewings [J].Biological Control,2005,32:57- 64.
Hou ML,Wan FH,Wang FL.Population dynamics of Helicoverpa assulta and Myzus persicae and their natural enemies in tobacco fields of Shandong Province [J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2002,18 (2):54-57.[侯茂林,万方浩,王福莲.山东烟区烟青虫和烟蚜及其天敌的发生动态 [J].中国生物防治,2002,18 (2):54-57]
Li DX,Tian J,Shen ZR.Functional response of the predator Scolothrips takahashii to hawthorn spider mite,Tetranychus viennensis:Effect of age and temperature [J].BioControl,2007,52 (1):41-61.
Lv WY,Qin XF,Du KS.Dynamics of pest and natural enemy community in wheat field [J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2010,18 (1):111-116.[吕文彦,秦雪峰,杜开书.麦田害虫与天敌群落动态变化研究 [J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18 (1):111-116]
Mo LF,Zhi JR,Chen XY.Effect of temperature on predatory functional responses of Orius similis to Frankliniella occidentalis [J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2013,29 (2):187-193.[莫利锋,郅军锐,陈祥叶.温度对南方小花蝽捕食西花蓟马功能反应的影响 [J].中国生物防治学报,2013,29 (2):187-193]
Mu JY,Liu YJ.Testing biological constants of generation of the green lacewing,Chrysopa sinica Tjeder,by the method of “thermal sums” [J].Acta Phytophylacica Sinica,1987,14 (3):169-172.[牟吉元,刘永杰.中华草蛉发育始点、有效积温的测定和发生检验 [J].植物保护学报,1987,14 (3):169-172]
Murdoch WW,Oaten A.Predation and population and stability [J].Advances in Ecological Research,1975,9:1-131.
Nakahira K,Nakahira R,Arakawa R.Effect of temperature on development,survival,and adult body size of two green lacewings,Mallada desjardinsi and Chrysoperla nipponensis (Neuroptera:Chrysopidae) [J].Applied Entomology and Zoology,2005,40 (4):615-620.
Omkar PA.Functional responses of coccinellid predators:An illustration of a logistic approach [J].Journal of Insect Science,2005,5:1-6.
Omkar,Kumar B.Effects of temperature and photoperiod on predation attributes and development of two Coccinella species (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae) [J].Acta Entomological Sinica,2016,59 (1):64-76.
Pandey AK,Tripathi CPM.Effect of temperature on the development,fecundity,progeny sex ratio and life-table of Campoletis chlorideae,an endolarval parasitoid of the pod borer,Helicoverpa armigera [J].BioControl,2008,53 (3):461-471.
Porcel M,Cotes B,Campos M.Biological and behavioral effects of kaolin particle film on larvae and adults of Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera:Chrysopidae) [J].Biological Control,2011,59 (2):98-105.
Schenk D,Bacher S.Functional response of a generalist insect predator to one of its prey species in the field [J].Journal of Animal Ecology,2002,71:524-531.
Wang R,Zhou WR,Qiu SB.Augmentation of Chrysoperla sinica:Storing overwintering adults for early spring release [J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,1987,3 (2):55-60.[王韧,周伟儒,邱式邦.中华草蛉人工储存越冬及打破休眠的研究 [J].生物防治通报,1987,3 (2):55-60]
Xiao YL,Guo HB,Li MG,et al.Functional response of Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder) larvae (Neuroptera:Chrysopidae) to the wheat aphid Phopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) in the laboratory [J].Natural Enemies of Insects,2006,28 (3):109-113.[肖云丽,郭海波,李明贵,等.中华通草蛉幼虫对麦蚜捕食作用的初步研究 [J].昆虫天敌,2006,28 (3):109-113]
Xu YY,Mou JY,Hu C.The study and application of Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder) [J].Entomological Knowledge,1999,36 (5):313-315.[许永玉,牟吉元,胡萃.中华通草蛉的研究与应用 [J].昆虫知识,1999,36 (5):313-315]
Xu YY,Mou JY,Hu C.Effects of temperature and relative humidity on survival of the overwintering green lacewing,Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder) (Neuroptera:Chrysopidae) [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24 (11):2569-2572.[许永玉,牟吉元,胡萃.温湿度对中华通草蛉越冬成虫存活的影响 [J].生态学报,2004,24 (11):2569-2572]
Yu JZ,Chi H,Chen BH.Comparison of the life tables and predation rates of Harmonia dimidiata (F.) (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae) fed on Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera:Aphididae) at different temperatures [J].Biological Control,2013,64 (1):1-9.
Zeng J.Analysis of the wheat principal pest's occurrence traits in China in 2012 and forecasting suggestions [J].Plant Protection,2013,39 (6):78-85.[曾娟.我国2012年小麦重大病虫害发生特点和预测预报建议 [J].植物保护,2013,39 (6):78-85]
Zhou WR,Chen HY.Effect of per-diapause feeding on the winter mortality of Chrysoperla sinica [J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,1985,1 (2):11-14.[周伟儒,陈红印.中华草蛉成虫越冬前取食对越冬死亡率的影响 [J].生物防治通报,1985,1 (2):11-14]
Zhao JZ.Study of Chrysoperla sinica biology and population dynamics [J].Natural Enemies of Insects,1982,4 (2):31-37.[赵敬钊.中华草蛉生物学及其种群消长的研究 [J].昆虫天敌,1982,4 (2):31-37]
Chen ZZ,Li MG,Guo YN,et al.Effects of photoperiod and temperature on the post-diapause biology of Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder) adults in different overwintering periods [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46 (8):1610-1618.[陈珍珍,李明贵,郭亚楠,等.光周期和温度对中华通草蛉不同越冬时期成虫滞育后生物学特性的影响 [J].中国农业科学,2013,46 (8):1610-1618]
Cheng LL,Nechols JR,Margolies DC,et al.Assessment of prey preference by the mass-produced generalist predator,Mallada basalis (Walker) (Neuroptera:Chrysopidae),when offered two species of spider mites,Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida and Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari:Tetranychidae),on papaya [J].Biological Control,2010,53 (3):267-272.
Cheng LY,Liao XJ,Xu LX,et al.Two sex life table and predation of Chrysopa pallens (Rambur) feeding on Megoura japonica (Matsumura) [J].Acta Phytophylacica Sinica,2014,41 (6):680-686.[程丽媛,廖先骏,徐龙祥,等.以豌豆修尾蚜为猎物的大草蛉两性生命表和捕食率 [J].植物保护学报,41 (6):680-686]
Chi H.Life-table analysis incorporating both sexes and variable development rates among individuals [J].Environmental Entomology,1988,17 (1):26-34.
Chi H.CONSUME-MSChart:Computer program for consumption rate analysis based on the age stage,two-sex life table,2014.http://140.120.197.173/ecology/.
Chi H.TWOSEX-MSChart:A computer program for the age-stage,two-sex life table analysis.National Chung Hsing University,Taichung,Taiwan,China.2016.Available at:http://140.120.197.173/Ecology/.
Chi H,Liu H.Two new methods for the study of insect population ecology [J].Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology,Academia Sinica,1985,24 (2):225-240.
Chi H,Yang TC.Two-sex life table and predation rate of Propylaea japonica Thunberg (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae) fed on Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera:Aphididae) [J].Environmental Entomology,2003,32 (2):327-333.
Ding YK,Chen YP.Predation pattern of the green lacewing,Chrysoperla sinica on cotton aphid and cotton bollworm [J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,1986,2 (3):97-102.[丁岩钦,陈玉平.中华草蛉对棉蚜与棉铃虫的捕食作用研究 [J].生物防治通报,1986,2 (3):97-102]
Farhadi R,Allahyari H,Chi H.Life table and predation capacity of Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae) feeding on Aphis fabae (Hemiptera:Aphididae) [J].Biological Control,2011,59 (2):83-89.
Gibson CM,Hunter MS.Reconsideration of the role of yeasts associated with Chrysoperla green lacewings [J].Biological Control,2005,32:57- 64.
Hou ML,Wan FH,Wang FL.Population dynamics of Helicoverpa assulta and Myzus persicae and their natural enemies in tobacco fields of Shandong Province [J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2002,18 (2):54-57.[侯茂林,万方浩,王福莲.山东烟区烟青虫和烟蚜及其天敌的发生动态 [J].中国生物防治,2002,18 (2):54-57]
Li DX,Tian J,Shen ZR.Functional response of the predator Scolothrips takahashii to hawthorn spider mite,Tetranychus viennensis:Effect of age and temperature [J].BioControl,2007,52 (1):41-61.
Lv WY,Qin XF,Du KS.Dynamics of pest and natural enemy community in wheat field [J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2010,18 (1):111-116.[吕文彦,秦雪峰,杜开书.麦田害虫与天敌群落动态变化研究 [J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18 (1):111-116]
Mo LF,Zhi JR,Chen XY.Effect of temperature on predatory functional responses of Orius similis to Frankliniella occidentalis [J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2013,29 (2):187-193.[莫利锋,郅军锐,陈祥叶.温度对南方小花蝽捕食西花蓟马功能反应的影响 [J].中国生物防治学报,2013,29 (2):187-193]
Mu JY,Liu YJ.Testing biological constants of generation of the green lacewing,Chrysopa sinica Tjeder,by the method of “thermal sums” [J].Acta Phytophylacica Sinica,1987,14 (3):169-172.[牟吉元,刘永杰.中华草蛉发育始点、有效积温的测定和发生检验 [J].植物保护学报,1987,14 (3):169-172]
Murdoch WW,Oaten A.Predation and population and stability [J].Advances in Ecological Research,1975,9:1-131.
Nakahira K,Nakahira R,Arakawa R.Effect of temperature on development,survival,and adult body size of two green lacewings,Mallada desjardinsi and Chrysoperla nipponensis (Neuroptera:Chrysopidae) [J].Applied Entomology and Zoology,2005,40 (4):615-620.
Omkar PA.Functional responses of coccinellid predators:An illustration of a logistic approach [J].Journal of Insect Science,2005,5:1-6.
Omkar,Kumar B.Effects of temperature and photoperiod on predation attributes and development of two Coccinella species (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae) [J].Acta Entomological Sinica,2016,59 (1):64-76.
Pandey AK,Tripathi CPM.Effect of temperature on the development,fecundity,progeny sex ratio and life-table of Campoletis chlorideae,an endolarval parasitoid of the pod borer,Helicoverpa armigera [J].BioControl,2008,53 (3):461-471.
Porcel M,Cotes B,Campos M.Biological and behavioral effects of kaolin particle film on larvae and adults of Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera:Chrysopidae) [J].Biological Control,2011,59 (2):98-105.
Schenk D,Bacher S.Functional response of a generalist insect predator to one of its prey species in the field [J].Journal of Animal Ecology,2002,71:524-531.
Wang R,Zhou WR,Qiu SB.Augmentation of Chrysoperla sinica:Storing overwintering adults for early spring release [J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,1987,3 (2):55-60.[王韧,周伟儒,邱式邦.中华草蛉人工储存越冬及打破休眠的研究 [J].生物防治通报,1987,3 (2):55-60]
Xiao YL,Guo HB,Li MG,et al.Functional response of Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder) larvae (Neuroptera:Chrysopidae) to the wheat aphid Phopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) in the laboratory [J].Natural Enemies of Insects,2006,28 (3):109-113.[肖云丽,郭海波,李明贵,等.中华通草蛉幼虫对麦蚜捕食作用的初步研究 [J].昆虫天敌,2006,28 (3):109-113]
Xu YY,Mou JY,Hu C.The study and application of Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder) [J].Entomological Knowledge,1999,36 (5):313-315.[许永玉,牟吉元,胡萃.中华通草蛉的研究与应用 [J].昆虫知识,1999,36 (5):313-315]
Xu YY,Mou JY,Hu C.Effects of temperature and relative humidity on survival of the overwintering green lacewing,Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder) (Neuroptera:Chrysopidae) [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24 (11):2569-2572.[许永玉,牟吉元,胡萃.温湿度对中华通草蛉越冬成虫存活的影响 [J].生态学报,2004,24 (11):2569-2572]
Yu JZ,Chi H,Chen BH.Comparison of the life tables and predation rates of Harmonia dimidiata (F.) (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae) fed on Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera:Aphididae) at different temperatures [J].Biological Control,2013,64 (1):1-9.
Zeng J.Analysis of the wheat principal pest's occurrence traits in China in 2012 and forecasting suggestions [J].Plant Protection,2013,39 (6):78-85.[曾娟.我国2012年小麦重大病虫害发生特点和预测预报建议 [J].植物保护,2013,39 (6):78-85]
Zhou WR,Chen HY.Effect of per-diapause feeding on the winter mortality of Chrysoperla sinica [J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,1985,1 (2):11-14.[周伟儒,陈红印.中华草蛉成虫越冬前取食对越冬死亡率的影响 [J].生物防治通报,1985,1 (2):11-14]
Zhao JZ.Study of Chrysoperla sinica biology and population dynamics [J].Natural Enemies of Insects,1982,4 (2):31-37.[赵敬钊.中华草蛉生物学及其种群消长的研究 [J].昆虫天敌,1982,4 (2):31-37]