作为框架的关系过程与词义范畴化——《说文解字》相关词义形成的功能—认知解释
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摘要
从当代语言科学新范式的角度考察《说文解字》词义的范畴化问题,是中国传统语言学现代化的一项亟待跟进的历史工作。以系统语言学及物性关系过程为框架,运用认知语言学概念整合理论为加工方式,将《说文解字》中相关词义范畴的形成方式分为包孕、环境和属有关系三类。包孕关系以"嫋"(后用"袅")为例,如"女"柔"弱",意指婀娜,其中"女"为载体,"弱"为属性,但属性归附于载体的方式不是简单相加,而是乘积意义上的整合加工;环境关系以"汓"(后用"泅")为代表:人("子")为载体,浮于"氵"上,后者为环境属性;属有关系可从"躳"体现:"身"为载体,"吕"(背脊骨节)为"身"的被属有成分。分析结果表明,输入特征在属类空间激活的关系过程框架是一个重要的整合现象,关系在认知加工和知识体系中占有重要地位。
This is part of the research program for interpreting lexical semantic categories in Shuowen Jiezi. It utilizes systemic functional grammar, in particular one transitivity process, that is, the relational, as the cognitive frame for explicating categorization of relevant lexical items, and the conceptual blending theory as the processing approach. The discussion proceeds with three points in succession: the intensive, circumstantial, and possessive relational as the bases on which the formation characteristics of lexical meanings at stake are highlighted, as may be represented by " 嫋 "(niǎo),"汓"(qiú) and "躳"(gōng) respectively. The presentation of the materials focuses on the former two because the possessive has the least percentage of occurrence throughout the text of Shuowen Jiezi. The attempt may provide effective theoretical insight for studying Chinese lexical semantics and for the practical interpretations per se.
This is part of the research program for interpreting lexical semantic categories in Shuowen Jiezi. It utilizes systemic functional grammar, in particular one transitivity process, that is, the relational, as the cognitive frame for explicating categorization of relevant lexical items, and the conceptual blending theory as the processing approach. The discussion proceeds with three points in succession: the intensive, circumstantial, and possessive relational as the bases on which the formation characteristics of lexical meanings at stake are highlighted, as may be represented by " 嫋 "(niǎo),"汓"(qiú) and "躳"(gōng) respectively. The presentation of the materials focuses on the former two because the possessive has the least percentage of occurrence throughout the text of Shuowen Jiezi. The attempt may provide effective theoretical insight for studying Chinese lexical semantics and for the practical interpretations per se.
引文
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[2]王宁.汉字构形学导论[M].北京:商务印书馆,2015.
[3]王宁主编.训诂学与词汇语义学论集[C].北京:语文出版社,2011.
[4]彭宣维.中国传统语言学的当代视角——《说文解字》范畴化研究的认知—功能框架、可行性及相关原则[J].外国语.2013,(2):22-32.
[5] Halliday, M.A.K. An Introduction to Functional Grammar(2nd edition)[M].London:Edward Arnold,1994.
[6] Fauconnier, G.&M.Turner. The Way We Think[M].New York:Basic Books,2002.
[7] Fillmore,C1.Types of lexical information[J].The Ohio State University Working Papers in Linguistics,1971,(2):65-103.
[8] Halliday,M.A.K.Complementarities in Language[M].Beijing:The Commercial Press,2008.
[9](汉)许慎著,(清)段玉裁注.说文解字注[Z].上海:上海古籍出版社,2006.
[10] Lakoff, G.&M. Johnson. Metaphors We Live By[M].Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1980/2003.
[11] Lakoff, G.&M. Johnson. Philosophy in the Flesh[M].New York:Basic Books,1999.
[12] Lakoff, G. Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things[M].Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1987.
[13]董莲池.说文解字考正[Z].北京:作家出版社,2005.
[14]马如森.殷墟甲骨文实用字典[Z].上海:上海大学出版社,2008.
[15]徐中舒主编.汉语大字典(缩印本)[Z].成都:四川辞书出版社;武汉:湖北辞书出版社,1996.