黄土高原采煤塌陷区村落搬迁选址的地理适宜度评价
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摘要
村庄下压煤多采取房屋搬迁方式来实现安全开采。煤矿村落选址区的地理适宜度受诸多自然和人文社会因素的影响,目前缺乏普遍适用的评价方法。文中针对黄土矿区复杂的地理环境和采煤沉陷特征,选取黄土沟壑区地面坡度、坡向、地表水和地下水源等自然地理指标以及交通便捷性、耕作半径等社会经济指标作为主要影响因子,将各指标划分为3个等级,确定相应的评价标准,采用专家打分及层次分析法计算各指标相应权重,构建黄土高原矿区村落迁址的地理适宜性评价模型。为验证模型的适用性,以陕西某矿塌陷区的村落迁址为例,基于ArcGIS的叠加分析功能,提取各指标等级对应区域,并按评价模型的对应指标权重进行叠加,得到矿区地理适宜度的综合评价分布图;对采煤塌陷区内的建筑面积进行统计,结合评价图分析并确定村落搬迁的最佳选址位置。结果表明,该模型在黄土高原煤矿塌陷区村落迁址中具有较好的适用性,可为煤矿塌陷区村落迁址规划提供技术支持。
Coal mining in villages often adopts building relocation ways to realize safety mining. Geographical suitability of mining village relocation area is affected by many natural and social factors,lacking a universal evaluation method at present. Aiming at the complex characteristics of geographical environment and mining subsidence,this paper used ground slope,slope direction,surface water,underground water resources,traffic convenience,farming radius and other natural geographic and social economic indicators of loess gully region as the main influential factors to determine the corresponding evaluation standards and the relative weights of indicators,where each indicator was divided into three levels,and established geographical suitability evaluation model of village relocation in the loess plateau mining area based on experts scoring and analytic hierarchy process. In order to verify the applicability of the model,this paper took village relocation in the subsidence area of a mine in Shaanxi as an example,getting a comprehensive evaluation figure of geographical suitability in mining area based on overlay analysis using Arc GIS. By statistically analyzing the building area,and combining with the evaluation figure,we determine the best position of village relocation. The result shows that the model has good applicability in the village relocation in the loess plateau coal mining subsidence area,which can provide technical support for village relocation planning of coal mining subsidence area.
Coal mining in villages often adopts building relocation ways to realize safety mining. Geographical suitability of mining village relocation area is affected by many natural and social factors,lacking a universal evaluation method at present. Aiming at the complex characteristics of geographical environment and mining subsidence,this paper used ground slope,slope direction,surface water,underground water resources,traffic convenience,farming radius and other natural geographic and social economic indicators of loess gully region as the main influential factors to determine the corresponding evaluation standards and the relative weights of indicators,where each indicator was divided into three levels,and established geographical suitability evaluation model of village relocation in the loess plateau mining area based on experts scoring and analytic hierarchy process. In order to verify the applicability of the model,this paper took village relocation in the subsidence area of a mine in Shaanxi as an example,getting a comprehensive evaluation figure of geographical suitability in mining area based on overlay analysis using Arc GIS. By statistically analyzing the building area,and combining with the evaluation figure,we determine the best position of village relocation. The result shows that the model has good applicability in the village relocation in the loess plateau coal mining subsidence area,which can provide technical support for village relocation planning of coal mining subsidence area.
引文
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[7]丁绍刚,朱嫣然.基于层次分析法与模糊综合评价法的医院户外环境综合评价体系构建[J].浙江农林大学学报,2017,34(6):1104-1112.DING Shao-gang,ZHU Yan-ran. Constructing a synthetic evaluation system of hospital out-door environment based on analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy synthetic evaluation[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University,2017,34(6):1104-1112.
[8]连海波,赵法锁,王雁林,等.陕南移民搬迁安置区选址适宜性评价模型及实例应用[J].灾害学,2017,32(4):120-125.LIAN Hai-bo,ZHAO Fa-suo,WANG Yan-lin,et al. Immigrant relocation area in southern Shaanxi site suitability evaluation model and application instance[J]. Journal of Catastrophology,2017,32(4):120-125.
[9]孙颖,邢文杰,游福科.基于模糊层次分析法的公路梁式桥地震震害预测研究[J].福州大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(4):776-781.SUN Yin,XING Wen-jie,YOU Fu-ke. The research on the earthquake damage prediction of highway girder bridges based on fuzzy analytical hierarchy approach[J]. Journal of Fuzhou University(Natural Science Edition),2013,41(4):776-781.
[10] WU Quan-yuan,PANG Jie-wu,QI Shan-zhong,et al. Impacts of coal mining subsidence on the surface landscape in Longkou city,Shandong Province of China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2009,59(4):783-791.
[11] Yenilmez Firdes,Kuter Nazan,Emil Mustafa-Kemal,et al. Evaluation of pollution levels at an abandoned coal mine site in Turkey with the aid of GIS[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2011,86(1):12-19.
[12]尚慧,倪万魁,罗东海.宁南山区泥石流灾害危险性量化评价研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2017,37(1):63-70.SHANG Hui,NI Wan-kui,LUO Dong-hai,et al. Quantitative assessment of debris flow hazards in the mountainareas of southern Ningxia[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2017,37(1):63-70.
[13] ZHANG Ji-xiong,ZHANG Qiang,Sun Qiang,et al. Surface subsidence control theory and application to backfill coal mining technology[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,74(2):1439-1448.
[14] Howladar M Farhad,Hasan Kamrul. A study on the development of subsidence due to the extraction of 1203slice with its associated factors around Barapukuria underground coal mining industrial area,Dinajpur,Bangladesh[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2014,72(9):3699-3713.
[15]álvarez-Fernández M I,Gonzàlez-Nicieza C,MenéndezDíaz A,et al. Generalization of the n-k influence function to predict mining subsidence[J]. Engineering Geology,2005,80:1-36.
[16] ZHU Xiao-jun,GUO Guang-li,FANG Qi. Coupled discrete element finite difference method for analyzing subsidence control in fully mechanized solid backfilling mining[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(8):683-694.
[17] YANG De-jun,BIAN Zhen-fu,LEI Shao-gang. Impact on soil physical qualities by the subsidence of coal mining:a case study in Western China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(8):652-665.
[18]王小华,胡海峰,廉旭刚.基于Weibull时间序列函数与负指数法的动态沉陷预计[J].金属矿山,2015,44(8):158-162.WANG Xiao-hua,HU Hai-feng,LIAN Xu-gang. Dynamic subsidence prediction method based on negative exponential method and Weibull time sequence function[J].Metal Mine,2015,44(8):158-162.
[19] WU Xiong,JIANG Xiao-wei,CHEN Yu-fu,et al. The influences of mining subsidence on the ecological environment and public infrastructure:a case study at the Haolaigou Iron Ore Mine in Baotou,China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2009,59(4):803-810.
[20]郭麒麟,乔世范,刘宝琛.开采影响下的岩土体移动与变形规律[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(1):109-114.GUO Qi-lin,QIAO Shi-fan,LIU Bao-chen. The movement and deformation of soil and rock mass resulted from mining activity[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2011,28(1):109-114.
[21]刘宝琛,戴华阳.概率积分法的由来与研究进展[J].煤矿开采,2016,21(2):1-3.Liu Bao-chen,DAI Hua-yang. Research development and origin of probability integral method[J]. Coal Mining Technology,2016,21(2):1-3.
[22]龚云,汤伏全.西部黄土山区开采沉陷变形数值模拟研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2012,32(4):490-494.GONG Yun,TANG Fu-quan. Numerical simulation of mining subsidence in the western loess mountain area[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2012,32(4):490-494.
[23]赵晓东,陈阳,蒋建.任意形状工作面沉陷预测的概率积分法及其应用[J].岩土力学,2016(12):3387-3392,3400.ZHAO Xiao-dong,CHEN Yang,JIANG Jian. Probability integral method of arbitrary shape face to predict mining subsidence and its application[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016(12):3387-3392,3400.
[24]李培现,谭志祥,闫丽丽,等.基于支持向量机的概率积分法参数计算方法[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(8):1247-1251.LI Pei-xian,TAN Zhi-xiang,YAN Li-li,et al. Calculation method of probability integration method parameters based on support vector machine[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(8):1247-1251.
[25]汤伏全.西部厚黄土层矿区开采沉陷预计模型[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(增刊1):74-78.TANG Fu-quan. Mining subsidence prediction model in western thick loess layer mining areas[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(Supp. 1):74-78.
[26]程钢,张富杰,杨杰,等. GIS支持下的城市小区的居住适宜性分析研究[J].测绘通报,2016(1):49-52.CHENG Gang,ZHANG Fu-jie,YANG Jie,et al. Evaluation for livability for urban residential areas based on GIS[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2016(1):49-52.
[27] Gupta D K. Comprehensive suitability evaluation of tea crops using GIS and a modified land ecological suitability evaluation model[J]. Pedosphere,2012,22(1):122-130.
[28]金贵,王占岐,胡学东,等.基于模糊证据权模型的青藏高原区土地适宜性评价[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(18):241-250.JIN Gui,WANG Zhan-qi,HU Xue-dong,et al. Land suitability evaluation in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on fuzzy weight of evidence model[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(18):241-250.
[29]章正高.采用层次分析法对地质灾害进行危险性评价———以汉阴县地质灾害为例[J].西安科技大学学报,2014,34(1):87-92.ZHANG Zheng-gao. Risk assessment of geologic hazards by analytic hierarchy process:a case study of the geologic hazard of Hanyin county[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2014,34(1):87-92.
[30]李宁,王李管,贾明涛.基于层次分析法的矿井六大系统模糊综合评价[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,46(2):631-637.LI Ning,WANG Li-guan,JIA Ming-tao. An analytic hierarchy process based fuzzy evaluation of underground mine six-system[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2015,46(2):631-637.
[31] Giulia Dapueto,Francesco Massa,Sara Costa,et al. A spatial multi-criteria evaluation for site selection of offshore marine fish farm in the Ligurian Sea,Italy[J]. Ocean and Coasta Management,2015,11(6):64-77.
[2] GUO Qing-biao,GUO Guang-li,ZHA Jian-feng,et al.Research on the surface movement in a mountain mining area:a case study of Sujiagou Mountain,China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(6):472-490.
[3] ZHOU Da-wei,WU Kan,CHENG Gong-lin,et al. Mechanism of mining subsidence in coal mining area with thick alluvium soil in China[J]. Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2015,8(4):1855-1867.
[4]汤伏全,白峰.厚黄土层矿区采动失水引起的地表沉降计算方法[J].西安科技大学学报,2011,31(4):448-452.TANG Fu-quan,BAI Feng. Calculation method of surface subsidence caused by water loss in thick loess mining area[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2011,31(4):448-452.
[5]范立民,马雄德,冀瑞君.西部生态脆弱矿区保水采煤研究与实践进展[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(8):1711-1717.FAN Li-min,MA Xiong-de,JI Rui-jun. Progress in engineering practice of water-preserved coal mining in western eco-environment frangible area[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(8):1711-1717.
[6]戴华阳,郭俊廷,阎跃观,等.“采-充-留”协调开采技术原理与应用[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1602-1610.DAI Hua-yang,GUO Jun-ting,YAN Yue-guan,et al.Principe and application of subsidence control technology of mining coordinately mixed with backfilling and keeping[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1602-1610.
[7]丁绍刚,朱嫣然.基于层次分析法与模糊综合评价法的医院户外环境综合评价体系构建[J].浙江农林大学学报,2017,34(6):1104-1112.DING Shao-gang,ZHU Yan-ran. Constructing a synthetic evaluation system of hospital out-door environment based on analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy synthetic evaluation[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University,2017,34(6):1104-1112.
[8]连海波,赵法锁,王雁林,等.陕南移民搬迁安置区选址适宜性评价模型及实例应用[J].灾害学,2017,32(4):120-125.LIAN Hai-bo,ZHAO Fa-suo,WANG Yan-lin,et al. Immigrant relocation area in southern Shaanxi site suitability evaluation model and application instance[J]. Journal of Catastrophology,2017,32(4):120-125.
[9]孙颖,邢文杰,游福科.基于模糊层次分析法的公路梁式桥地震震害预测研究[J].福州大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(4):776-781.SUN Yin,XING Wen-jie,YOU Fu-ke. The research on the earthquake damage prediction of highway girder bridges based on fuzzy analytical hierarchy approach[J]. Journal of Fuzhou University(Natural Science Edition),2013,41(4):776-781.
[10] WU Quan-yuan,PANG Jie-wu,QI Shan-zhong,et al. Impacts of coal mining subsidence on the surface landscape in Longkou city,Shandong Province of China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2009,59(4):783-791.
[11] Yenilmez Firdes,Kuter Nazan,Emil Mustafa-Kemal,et al. Evaluation of pollution levels at an abandoned coal mine site in Turkey with the aid of GIS[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology,2011,86(1):12-19.
[12]尚慧,倪万魁,罗东海.宁南山区泥石流灾害危险性量化评价研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2017,37(1):63-70.SHANG Hui,NI Wan-kui,LUO Dong-hai,et al. Quantitative assessment of debris flow hazards in the mountainareas of southern Ningxia[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2017,37(1):63-70.
[13] ZHANG Ji-xiong,ZHANG Qiang,Sun Qiang,et al. Surface subsidence control theory and application to backfill coal mining technology[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,74(2):1439-1448.
[14] Howladar M Farhad,Hasan Kamrul. A study on the development of subsidence due to the extraction of 1203slice with its associated factors around Barapukuria underground coal mining industrial area,Dinajpur,Bangladesh[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2014,72(9):3699-3713.
[15]álvarez-Fernández M I,Gonzàlez-Nicieza C,MenéndezDíaz A,et al. Generalization of the n-k influence function to predict mining subsidence[J]. Engineering Geology,2005,80:1-36.
[16] ZHU Xiao-jun,GUO Guang-li,FANG Qi. Coupled discrete element finite difference method for analyzing subsidence control in fully mechanized solid backfilling mining[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(8):683-694.
[17] YANG De-jun,BIAN Zhen-fu,LEI Shao-gang. Impact on soil physical qualities by the subsidence of coal mining:a case study in Western China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(8):652-665.
[18]王小华,胡海峰,廉旭刚.基于Weibull时间序列函数与负指数法的动态沉陷预计[J].金属矿山,2015,44(8):158-162.WANG Xiao-hua,HU Hai-feng,LIAN Xu-gang. Dynamic subsidence prediction method based on negative exponential method and Weibull time sequence function[J].Metal Mine,2015,44(8):158-162.
[19] WU Xiong,JIANG Xiao-wei,CHEN Yu-fu,et al. The influences of mining subsidence on the ecological environment and public infrastructure:a case study at the Haolaigou Iron Ore Mine in Baotou,China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2009,59(4):803-810.
[20]郭麒麟,乔世范,刘宝琛.开采影响下的岩土体移动与变形规律[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(1):109-114.GUO Qi-lin,QIAO Shi-fan,LIU Bao-chen. The movement and deformation of soil and rock mass resulted from mining activity[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2011,28(1):109-114.
[21]刘宝琛,戴华阳.概率积分法的由来与研究进展[J].煤矿开采,2016,21(2):1-3.Liu Bao-chen,DAI Hua-yang. Research development and origin of probability integral method[J]. Coal Mining Technology,2016,21(2):1-3.
[22]龚云,汤伏全.西部黄土山区开采沉陷变形数值模拟研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2012,32(4):490-494.GONG Yun,TANG Fu-quan. Numerical simulation of mining subsidence in the western loess mountain area[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2012,32(4):490-494.
[23]赵晓东,陈阳,蒋建.任意形状工作面沉陷预测的概率积分法及其应用[J].岩土力学,2016(12):3387-3392,3400.ZHAO Xiao-dong,CHEN Yang,JIANG Jian. Probability integral method of arbitrary shape face to predict mining subsidence and its application[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016(12):3387-3392,3400.
[24]李培现,谭志祥,闫丽丽,等.基于支持向量机的概率积分法参数计算方法[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(8):1247-1251.LI Pei-xian,TAN Zhi-xiang,YAN Li-li,et al. Calculation method of probability integration method parameters based on support vector machine[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(8):1247-1251.
[25]汤伏全.西部厚黄土层矿区开采沉陷预计模型[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(增刊1):74-78.TANG Fu-quan. Mining subsidence prediction model in western thick loess layer mining areas[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(Supp. 1):74-78.
[26]程钢,张富杰,杨杰,等. GIS支持下的城市小区的居住适宜性分析研究[J].测绘通报,2016(1):49-52.CHENG Gang,ZHANG Fu-jie,YANG Jie,et al. Evaluation for livability for urban residential areas based on GIS[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2016(1):49-52.
[27] Gupta D K. Comprehensive suitability evaluation of tea crops using GIS and a modified land ecological suitability evaluation model[J]. Pedosphere,2012,22(1):122-130.
[28]金贵,王占岐,胡学东,等.基于模糊证据权模型的青藏高原区土地适宜性评价[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(18):241-250.JIN Gui,WANG Zhan-qi,HU Xue-dong,et al. Land suitability evaluation in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on fuzzy weight of evidence model[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(18):241-250.
[29]章正高.采用层次分析法对地质灾害进行危险性评价———以汉阴县地质灾害为例[J].西安科技大学学报,2014,34(1):87-92.ZHANG Zheng-gao. Risk assessment of geologic hazards by analytic hierarchy process:a case study of the geologic hazard of Hanyin county[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2014,34(1):87-92.
[30]李宁,王李管,贾明涛.基于层次分析法的矿井六大系统模糊综合评价[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,46(2):631-637.LI Ning,WANG Li-guan,JIA Ming-tao. An analytic hierarchy process based fuzzy evaluation of underground mine six-system[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2015,46(2):631-637.
[31] Giulia Dapueto,Francesco Massa,Sara Costa,et al. A spatial multi-criteria evaluation for site selection of offshore marine fish farm in the Ligurian Sea,Italy[J]. Ocean and Coasta Management,2015,11(6):64-77.