普通高中育人方式改革的关键在课堂——兼论高中课堂的危机与变革
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摘要
新中国成立70年来,我国经历普通高中教育的法制化、课程改革的逐步推进与指向素质教育的课堂变革三个基本的阶段,取得了举世瞩目的成绩,但在育人方式上存在教师主宰下的课堂缺失学生的参与、"以考论教"的课堂充满教学的功利性以及课堂教学过程的选择性加速教师的不公平等困境,使高中课堂育人面临教育理想迷失的危机、学校功能异化的危机、教师专业沦丧的危机、学生片面发展的危机以及创新型人才培养的危机。高中课堂要化危为机,突破困境,需要具有一定的价值信念坚守、需要创设全方位的育人环境、需要创造性的学校管理制度设计、构建人人都能参与的课堂学习共同体。
Since the founding of new China 70 years ago,China has experienced the legalization of high school education,the gradual reform on curriculum and the orientation towards quality education,which has achieved remarkable achievements.However,in terms of educating,there are exist dilemmas such as the lack of students'participation in the teacher-dominated classroom,the utilitarianism of "teaching for examinations",and the acceleration of unbalanced teachers caused by the selectivity of teaching process,resulting in the lost education ideal,the malfunction of schooling system,the declining quality of teacher,the unbalanced development of students,and the insufficiency of innovative talents'cultivation.In order to turn the crisis into an opportunity and break through the difficult situation facing by high schools,it is necessary to uphold relevant philosophies,create an environment for all-round development,design a creative school management system,and to build a classroom atmosphere that teachers and students could all engage to build a community for learning.
Since the founding of new China 70 years ago,China has experienced the legalization of high school education,the gradual reform on curriculum and the orientation towards quality education,which has achieved remarkable achievements.However,in terms of educating,there are exist dilemmas such as the lack of students'participation in the teacher-dominated classroom,the utilitarianism of "teaching for examinations",and the acceleration of unbalanced teachers caused by the selectivity of teaching process,resulting in the lost education ideal,the malfunction of schooling system,the declining quality of teacher,the unbalanced development of students,and the insufficiency of innovative talents'cultivation.In order to turn the crisis into an opportunity and break through the difficult situation facing by high schools,it is necessary to uphold relevant philosophies,create an environment for all-round development,design a creative school management system,and to build a classroom atmosphere that teachers and students could all engage to build a community for learning.
引文
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[3]蔡汀,等.苏霍姆林斯基选集(第1卷)[C].北京:教育科学出版社,2001:46.
[4]小威廉姆·E·多尔,诺尔·高夫.课程愿景[M].张文军,等译.北京:教育科学出版社,2004:4.
[5]赵健.学习共同体:关于学习的社会文化分析[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2006:11.
[6]黄志成.全纳教育——关注所有学生的学习和参与[M].上海:上海教育出版社,2004:37.
[7]李泽林.高中课堂的危机与变革[M].兰州:甘肃教育出版社,2014:149.
[8]吴康宁,等.课堂教学社会学[M].南京:南京师范大学出版社,1999:195.
[9]小原国芳.小原国芳教育论著选(下)[M].吴光威,等译.北京:人民教育出版社,1993:373.
[10]金生鈜.精英主义教育体制与重点学校[J].教育研究与实验,2000,(4).
[11]林宝山.国家在危机之中[M].台北:复文图书出版社,1984:20.
[12]查尔斯·E·席柏曼.教室危机(下)——当前教育制度的反省[M].钟运淼,等译.台北:业强出版社,1986:176.
[13]钱学森.钱学森书信(第1卷)[C].北京:国防工业出版社,2007:391.
[14]石鸥.结构的力量:《普通高中课程方案(实验)》的理解与实施[M].北京:高等教育出版,2004:9.
[15]迈克尔·富兰.教育变革新意义[M].赵中健,等译.北京:教育科学出版社,2005:54.