苜蓿、小麦自毒及他感作用机理
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摘要
通过苜蓿(Medicago sativa)和小麦(Triticum aestivum)幼苗植株浸提液种内浇灌和种间浇灌培养生长,研究了苜蓿、小麦自毒和他感效应。结果表明,浸提液种内浇灌,浓度大于0.1 g·L~(-1),随着浸提液浓度的增加自毒效应增强;浸提液种间浇灌,浓度为0.1、0.25、0.5 g·L~(-1)时,苜蓿小麦间存在他感正效应,其中0.25 g·L~(-1)的浸提液他感正效应最强,且小麦浸提液对苜蓿的他感正效应较苜蓿浸提液对小麦的他感正效应更大;浓度达1 g·L~(-1)时,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性改变为持续降低,导致丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H_2O_2)含量增加,相对膜透性增强,活性氧有效积累,生命系统维持遭到破坏,抑制生长,苜蓿小麦间表现为他感负效应。苜蓿、小麦自毒效应会随着浸提液浓度的增大而增强。苜蓿、小麦他感效应表现出低促高抑的浸提液浓度效应。
The continuous cropping and rotation of alfalfa and wheat seedlings were used to simulate the growth and growth of alfalfa and wheat. The results showed that the concentration of the leaching solution was greater than 0.1 g·L~(-1), and that the autotoxic effect increased with an increase in the concentration of the extract solution. When the leaching solution was used for irrigation at 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 g·L~(-1), there was a positive effect of sensation on glutinous wheat, and 0.25 g·L~(-1) extract had the strongest positive effect, and the wheat extract had a positive effect on quail. The positive effect on wheat was higher than that of other extracts. At a concentration of 1 g·L~(-1), the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase, showed a continuous decrease, resulting in an increase in malondialdehyde and H_2O_2 content and an enhancement in relative membrane permeability. Furthermore, there was a high accumulation of active oxygen, the living system is maintained to be destroyed, growth was inhibited, and glutinous wheat exhibited negative effects. The autotoxic effect of continuous cropping of alfalfa and wheat, thus, increases with an increase in the concentration of the extract. Low concentrations and high concentrations of extracts affected the rotation-heterogeneity of alfalfa and wheat.
The continuous cropping and rotation of alfalfa and wheat seedlings were used to simulate the growth and growth of alfalfa and wheat. The results showed that the concentration of the leaching solution was greater than 0.1 g·L~(-1), and that the autotoxic effect increased with an increase in the concentration of the extract solution. When the leaching solution was used for irrigation at 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 g·L~(-1), there was a positive effect of sensation on glutinous wheat, and 0.25 g·L~(-1) extract had the strongest positive effect, and the wheat extract had a positive effect on quail. The positive effect on wheat was higher than that of other extracts. At a concentration of 1 g·L~(-1), the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase, showed a continuous decrease, resulting in an increase in malondialdehyde and H_2O_2 content and an enhancement in relative membrane permeability. Furthermore, there was a high accumulation of active oxygen, the living system is maintained to be destroyed, growth was inhibited, and glutinous wheat exhibited negative effects. The autotoxic effect of continuous cropping of alfalfa and wheat, thus, increases with an increase in the concentration of the extract. Low concentrations and high concentrations of extracts affected the rotation-heterogeneity of alfalfa and wheat.
引文
[1]李大伟,贾庆利,巩振辉.植物他感作用在蔬菜作物上的表现及其应用.陕西农业科学,2004(4):40-42.LI D W,JIA Q L,GONG Z H.The effect of plant sensation on vegetable crops and its application.Shannxi Agricultural Sciences,2004(4):40-42
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[6]HEGDE R S,MILLER D A.Allelopathy and autotoxicity in alfalfa:Characterization and effects of preceding crops and residue incorporation.Crop Science,1990,30(6):1255-1259.
[7]邱立友,戚元成,王明道,贾新成.植物次生代谢物的自毒作用及其与连作障碍的关系.土壤,2010,42(1):1-7.QIU L Y,QI Y C,WANG M D,JIA X C.Relationship between secondary metabolite autotoxic to plant and continuous cropping obstacles.Soil,2010,42(1):1-7.
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[9]KIMBER R.Phytotoxicity from plant residues.I.The influence of rotted wheat straw on seedling growth.Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1967,18(3):361-374.
[10]GUENZI W D,MCCALLA T M.Phenolic Acids in oats,wheat,sorghum,and corn residues and their phytotoxicity1.Agronomy Journal,1966,58(3):303-304.
[11]杨思存,霍琳,王建成.秸秆还田的生化他感效应研究初报.西北农业学报,2005,14(1):52-56.YANG S C,HUO L,WANG J C.Allelopathic effect of straw returning.Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2005,14(1):52-56.
[12]吴蕾,马凤鸣,刘成,李业成,王婵婵.大豆与玉米、小麦、高粱根系分泌物的比较分析.大豆科学,2009,28(6):1021-1025.WU L,MA F M,LIU C,LI Y C,WANG C C.Comparative analysis of root exudates in soybean,corn,wheat and sorghum.Soybean Science,2009,28(6):1021-1025.
[13]向彦,贺浩华,傅军如.水稻他感作用的研究进展.中国生态农业学报,2005,13(3):108-111.XIANG Y,HE H H,FU J R.Research progress of allelopathy in rice.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2005,13(3):108-111.
[14]马伦兰,马培杰,苏生.紫花苜蓿-小麦轮作对小麦产量与土壤有机质的影响.现代农业科技,2017(18):1-2.MA L L,MA P J,SU S.Effects on wheat yield and soil ogannic matter of alfalfa-wheat rotation.Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2017(18):1-2.
[15]樊虎玲,郝明德,李志西.黄土高原旱地小麦-苜蓿轮作对小麦品质和子粒氨基酸含量的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(2):262-266.FAN H L,HAO M D,LI Z X.Effect of alfalfa-wheat rotation system on the quality and amino acid content of wheat in dryland of loess plateau.Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2007,13(2):262-266.
[16]曾任森.他感作用研究中的生物测定方法综述.应用生态学报,1999,10(1):123-126.ZENG R S.Review on bioassay methods for allelopathy research.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,1999,10(1):123-126.
[17]GUNES A,INAL A,BAGCI E G.Silicon increases boron tolerance and reduces oxidative damage of wheat grown in soil with excess boron.Biologia Plantarum,2007,51(3):571-574.
[18]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术.北京:高等教育出版社,2000,119-263.LI H S.Physiological and Biochemical Experimental Principles and Techniques.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000,119-263.
[19]BRUCE W G,Richardson D.Bioassays for allelopathy:Measuring treatment responses with independent controls.Journal of Chemical Ecology,1988,14(1):181-187.
[20]杨期和,叶万辉,廖福林,尹小娟.植物他感物质对种子萌发的影响.生态学杂志,2005,24(12):1459-1465.YANG Q H,YE W H,LIAO F L,YIN X J.Effects of allelochemicals on seed germination.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2005,24(12):1459-1465.
[21]陈玉玲,曹敏,李云荫,周燮.干旱条件下黄腐酸对冬小麦幼苗中内源ABA和IAA水平以及SOD和POD活性的影响.植物生理学报,2000,36(4):311-314.CHEN Y L,CAO M,LI Y Y,ZHOU X.Effect of fulvic acid on ABA,IAA and activities of superoxide dismu-tase and peroxydase in winter wheat seedling under drought condition.Journal of Plant Physiology,2000,36(4):311-314.
[22]MUKHERJEE S P,CHOUDHURI M A.Implications of water stress-induced changes in the levels of endogenous ascorbic acidand hydrogen peroxide in vigna seedlings.Physiol Plant,1983,58:166-174.
[23]Rice E L.Allelopathy.New York:Academic Press.1984.
[24]邢勇,段晓燕.植物的自毒作用.生物学教学,2002,27(11):6-7.XING Y,DUAN X Y.Autotoxicity of plants.Material Science Teaching,2002,27(11):6-7.
[25]宋慧.小豆连作障碍中自毒机理研究.杨凌:西北农林科技大学博士学位论文,2013.SONG H.Auationtointoxic in adzuki bean replant disease.PhD Thesis.Yangling:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University of Science and Technology,2013.
[26]MIERSCH J,STERNKOPF G,KRAUSS G J.Metabolism and exudation of canavanine during development of alfalfa.Journal of Chemical Ecology,1992,18(11):2117.
[27]王爱国,罗广华.植物的超氧自由基与羟胺反应的定量关系.植物生理学通讯,1990,26(6):55-57.WANG A G,LUO G H.Auantitative relation between the reaction of hydroxylamine and superoxide anion radicals in plants.Plant Physiology Communications,1990,26(6):55-57.
[28]林娟,殷全玉,杨丙钊,杨铁钊,杨志晓.植物他感作用研究进展.中国农学通报,2007,23(1):68-72.LIN J,YIN Q Y,YANG B Z,YANG T Z,YANG Z X.Review on allelopathy of plants.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2007,23(1):68-72.
[29]吕卫光,张春兰,袁飞,彭宇.他感物质抑制连作黄瓜生长的作用机理.中国农业科学,2002,35(1):106-109.LYU W G,ZHANG C L,YUAN F,PENG Y.Meehanism of alleloehemieals in habiting continuous cropping cueumber growth.Chinese Agricultural Sciences,2002,35(1):106-109.
[30]孔垂华,胡飞.植物他感(相生相克)作用及其应用.北京:农业出版社,2001.KONG C H,HU F.Plant Allelopathy and its Application.Beijing:Agricultural Press,2001.
[31]PRAMANIK M H R,ASAO T,YAMAMOTO T.Sensitive bioassay to evaluate toxicity of aromatic acids to cucumber seedlings.Allelopathy Journal,2001,8(2):161-170.
[32]CHAI Q,HUANG G.Review on action mechanism affecting factors and applied potential of allelopathy.Acta Botanica Borealioccidentalia Sinica,2003,23(3):509-515.
[2]巩相景,吕福堂.他感作用及其在农业生产中的应用.生物技术通报,2006(s1):116-119.GONG X J,LYU F T.Allelopathy and its application in agricultural production.Biotechnology Bulletin,2006(s1):116-119.
[3]车晋滇.紫花苜蓿栽培与病虫草害防治.北京:中国农业出版社,2002.CHE J D.Medicago Sativa Cultivation and Pest and Weed Control.Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2002.
[4]JENNINGS J A,NELSON C J.Zone of autotoxic influence around established alfalfa plants.Agronomy Journal,2002,94(5):1104-1111.
[5]闫龙凤,杨青川,韩建国.苜蓿的自毒性研究进展.草业与畜牧,2005(2):14-18.YAN L F,YANG Q C,HAN J G.Study development of alfalfa autotoxicity.Grass and Animal Husbandry,2005(2):14-18.
[6]HEGDE R S,MILLER D A.Allelopathy and autotoxicity in alfalfa:Characterization and effects of preceding crops and residue incorporation.Crop Science,1990,30(6):1255-1259.
[7]邱立友,戚元成,王明道,贾新成.植物次生代谢物的自毒作用及其与连作障碍的关系.土壤,2010,42(1):1-7.QIU L Y,QI Y C,WANG M D,JIA X C.Relationship between secondary metabolite autotoxic to plant and continuous cropping obstacles.Soil,2010,42(1):1-7.
[8]杨平,吴凤芝.不同他感效应的小麦根系分泌物对黄瓜幼苗生长及根系生理生化特性的影响.中国蔬菜,2012,1(4):37-42.YANG P,WU F Z.Effects of root aqueous extracts of wheat cultivars with different allelopathy potential on cucumber seedlings growth and physiological and biochemical characters of cucumber root.Chinese Vegetables,2012,1(4):37-42.
[9]KIMBER R.Phytotoxicity from plant residues.I.The influence of rotted wheat straw on seedling growth.Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1967,18(3):361-374.
[10]GUENZI W D,MCCALLA T M.Phenolic Acids in oats,wheat,sorghum,and corn residues and their phytotoxicity1.Agronomy Journal,1966,58(3):303-304.
[11]杨思存,霍琳,王建成.秸秆还田的生化他感效应研究初报.西北农业学报,2005,14(1):52-56.YANG S C,HUO L,WANG J C.Allelopathic effect of straw returning.Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2005,14(1):52-56.
[12]吴蕾,马凤鸣,刘成,李业成,王婵婵.大豆与玉米、小麦、高粱根系分泌物的比较分析.大豆科学,2009,28(6):1021-1025.WU L,MA F M,LIU C,LI Y C,WANG C C.Comparative analysis of root exudates in soybean,corn,wheat and sorghum.Soybean Science,2009,28(6):1021-1025.
[13]向彦,贺浩华,傅军如.水稻他感作用的研究进展.中国生态农业学报,2005,13(3):108-111.XIANG Y,HE H H,FU J R.Research progress of allelopathy in rice.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2005,13(3):108-111.
[14]马伦兰,马培杰,苏生.紫花苜蓿-小麦轮作对小麦产量与土壤有机质的影响.现代农业科技,2017(18):1-2.MA L L,MA P J,SU S.Effects on wheat yield and soil ogannic matter of alfalfa-wheat rotation.Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2017(18):1-2.
[15]樊虎玲,郝明德,李志西.黄土高原旱地小麦-苜蓿轮作对小麦品质和子粒氨基酸含量的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(2):262-266.FAN H L,HAO M D,LI Z X.Effect of alfalfa-wheat rotation system on the quality and amino acid content of wheat in dryland of loess plateau.Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2007,13(2):262-266.
[16]曾任森.他感作用研究中的生物测定方法综述.应用生态学报,1999,10(1):123-126.ZENG R S.Review on bioassay methods for allelopathy research.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,1999,10(1):123-126.
[17]GUNES A,INAL A,BAGCI E G.Silicon increases boron tolerance and reduces oxidative damage of wheat grown in soil with excess boron.Biologia Plantarum,2007,51(3):571-574.
[18]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术.北京:高等教育出版社,2000,119-263.LI H S.Physiological and Biochemical Experimental Principles and Techniques.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000,119-263.
[19]BRUCE W G,Richardson D.Bioassays for allelopathy:Measuring treatment responses with independent controls.Journal of Chemical Ecology,1988,14(1):181-187.
[20]杨期和,叶万辉,廖福林,尹小娟.植物他感物质对种子萌发的影响.生态学杂志,2005,24(12):1459-1465.YANG Q H,YE W H,LIAO F L,YIN X J.Effects of allelochemicals on seed germination.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2005,24(12):1459-1465.
[21]陈玉玲,曹敏,李云荫,周燮.干旱条件下黄腐酸对冬小麦幼苗中内源ABA和IAA水平以及SOD和POD活性的影响.植物生理学报,2000,36(4):311-314.CHEN Y L,CAO M,LI Y Y,ZHOU X.Effect of fulvic acid on ABA,IAA and activities of superoxide dismu-tase and peroxydase in winter wheat seedling under drought condition.Journal of Plant Physiology,2000,36(4):311-314.
[22]MUKHERJEE S P,CHOUDHURI M A.Implications of water stress-induced changes in the levels of endogenous ascorbic acidand hydrogen peroxide in vigna seedlings.Physiol Plant,1983,58:166-174.
[23]Rice E L.Allelopathy.New York:Academic Press.1984.
[24]邢勇,段晓燕.植物的自毒作用.生物学教学,2002,27(11):6-7.XING Y,DUAN X Y.Autotoxicity of plants.Material Science Teaching,2002,27(11):6-7.
[25]宋慧.小豆连作障碍中自毒机理研究.杨凌:西北农林科技大学博士学位论文,2013.SONG H.Auationtointoxic in adzuki bean replant disease.PhD Thesis.Yangling:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University of Science and Technology,2013.
[26]MIERSCH J,STERNKOPF G,KRAUSS G J.Metabolism and exudation of canavanine during development of alfalfa.Journal of Chemical Ecology,1992,18(11):2117.
[27]王爱国,罗广华.植物的超氧自由基与羟胺反应的定量关系.植物生理学通讯,1990,26(6):55-57.WANG A G,LUO G H.Auantitative relation between the reaction of hydroxylamine and superoxide anion radicals in plants.Plant Physiology Communications,1990,26(6):55-57.
[28]林娟,殷全玉,杨丙钊,杨铁钊,杨志晓.植物他感作用研究进展.中国农学通报,2007,23(1):68-72.LIN J,YIN Q Y,YANG B Z,YANG T Z,YANG Z X.Review on allelopathy of plants.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2007,23(1):68-72.
[29]吕卫光,张春兰,袁飞,彭宇.他感物质抑制连作黄瓜生长的作用机理.中国农业科学,2002,35(1):106-109.LYU W G,ZHANG C L,YUAN F,PENG Y.Meehanism of alleloehemieals in habiting continuous cropping cueumber growth.Chinese Agricultural Sciences,2002,35(1):106-109.
[30]孔垂华,胡飞.植物他感(相生相克)作用及其应用.北京:农业出版社,2001.KONG C H,HU F.Plant Allelopathy and its Application.Beijing:Agricultural Press,2001.
[31]PRAMANIK M H R,ASAO T,YAMAMOTO T.Sensitive bioassay to evaluate toxicity of aromatic acids to cucumber seedlings.Allelopathy Journal,2001,8(2):161-170.
[32]CHAI Q,HUANG G.Review on action mechanism affecting factors and applied potential of allelopathy.Acta Botanica Borealioccidentalia Sinica,2003,23(3):509-515.