笼统注水对调整井钻井安全的影响
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摘要
调整井是老油田稳产、提高采收率的重要手段,但长期注水导致地层压力紊乱使调整井钻井过程中井涌、溢流经常发生。以渤海某油田为例,通过建立油藏模型,采用数值模拟方法对垂向上存在渗透率差异的相邻两层进行笼统注水开发模拟,分析注水井注水和停注过程对调整井区域地层压力随时间的变化规律。研究结果表明:渗透率差异地层笼统注水使两层间始终存在压差,停注后一段时间内压差不会消失且足以导致钻井期间井涌发生,这是导致调整井钻井过程中多种复杂发生的重要因素。针对研究结果,提出调整井钻井前运用数值模拟方法对笼统注水开发存在层间渗透率差异区域进行压力预测的方法,并提出精细注水及调整井钻井时注水井停注时间的建议,以期对水驱老油田调整井钻井安全提供参考。
Adjustment well is one important technology for stable production and enhanced oil recovery(EOR) of old oil fields, but long-term water injection disturbs the reservoir pressure, leading to frequent well kick and overflow during the drilling of adjustment well. In this paper, a certain oilfield in the area of Bohai Sea was taken as an example. After a reservoir model was established, the commingled water injection in two adjacent layers whose permeability is vertically contrast was simulated by means of the numerical simulation method and the variation laws of reservoir pressure over the time in the area of adjustment well in the process of water injection and injection suspension of water injection wells were analyzed. It is indicated that the important factor leading to various complex situations during the drilling of adjustment well is that commingled water injection in the reservoirs with permeability contrast always keeps the pressure difference between two layers, which will not disappear and is still high enough to lead to well kick in the process of drilling after the injection is suspended for a while. According to the research results, it is recommended to adopt the numerical simulation method to predict the pressure of the commingled water injection areas with permeability contrast between layers before the drilling of adjustment well. And in addition, the suggestions on injection suspension time of water injection well during the drilling of adjustment well and fine water injection are proposed so as to provide the reference for the safe drilling of adjustment wells in old water flooding oilfields.
Adjustment well is one important technology for stable production and enhanced oil recovery(EOR) of old oil fields, but long-term water injection disturbs the reservoir pressure, leading to frequent well kick and overflow during the drilling of adjustment well. In this paper, a certain oilfield in the area of Bohai Sea was taken as an example. After a reservoir model was established, the commingled water injection in two adjacent layers whose permeability is vertically contrast was simulated by means of the numerical simulation method and the variation laws of reservoir pressure over the time in the area of adjustment well in the process of water injection and injection suspension of water injection wells were analyzed. It is indicated that the important factor leading to various complex situations during the drilling of adjustment well is that commingled water injection in the reservoirs with permeability contrast always keeps the pressure difference between two layers, which will not disappear and is still high enough to lead to well kick in the process of drilling after the injection is suspended for a while. According to the research results, it is recommended to adopt the numerical simulation method to predict the pressure of the commingled water injection areas with permeability contrast between layers before the drilling of adjustment well. And in addition, the suggestions on injection suspension time of water injection well during the drilling of adjustment well and fine water injection are proposed so as to provide the reference for the safe drilling of adjustment wells in old water flooding oilfields.
引文
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[12]姜泽菊,安申法,于彦,赵延茹,沈静.注水油田转周期注水开发影响因素探讨[J].石油钻探技术,2005,33(6):54-56.JAING Zeju,AN Shenfa,YU Yan,ZHAO Yanru,SHENJing.Study on factors affecting cyclic water injection performance[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2005,33(6):54-56.
[13]姜汉桥,谷建伟,陈月明,孙梦茹,计兆红.剩余油分布规律的精细数值模拟[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1999,23(5):31-34.JIANG Hanqiao,GU Jianwei,CHEN Yueming,SUNMengru,JI Zhaohong.Fine simulation for distribution of remaining oil in reservoir[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum China(Edition of Natural Science),1999,23(5):31-34.
[14]张旭,罗明高,王辉,梁跃林,孟威,毛玲.克拉玛依油田五3东区增产潜力[J].石油钻采工艺,2014,36(5):109-112.ZHANG Xu,LUO Minggao,WANG Hui,LIANGYuelin,MENG Wei,MAO Ling.Research on potential production increase of East 5-3 Block of Karamay Oilfield[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2014,36(5):109-112.
[15]周游,李治平,景成,孙威,李晓.基于流动单元控制的油藏宏观剩余油潜力分布[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(6):35-39.ZHOU You,LI Zhiping,JING Cheng,SUN Wei,LI Xiao.Distribution of macroscopic remaining-oil potential based on flow-unit[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2016,23(6):35-39.
[16]张烈辉编著.油气藏数值模拟基本原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2014ZHANG Liehui.Basic principle of numerical simulation of oil and gas reservoirs[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2014.
[17]中国国家标准化管理委员会.石油天然气钻井井控技术规范:GB/T 31033-2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.Specification for well control technology of oil&gas drilling:GB/T 31033-2014[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2014.
[2]韩大匡.关于高含水油田二次开发理念、对策和技术路线的探讨[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(5):583-591.HAN Dakuang.Discussions on concepts,countermeasures and technical routes for the redevelopment of high watercut oilfields[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,2010,37(5):583-591.
[3]赵宁.调整井钻井地层压力预测新方法[J].石油钻探技术,2004,32(3):36-37.ZHAO Ning.A Novel method for predicating formation pressures during drilling in adjustment wells[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2004,32(3):36-37.
[4]刘国宏,朱伟厚,杜君,夏吉宙.调整井钻井过程中的出水问题与处理[J].断块油气田,1998,5(3):50-53.LIU Guohong,ZHU Weihou,DU Jun,XIA Jizhou.The problem and handling technology in the process of adjustment well drilling[J].Fault-block&Gas Field,1998,5(3):50-53.
[5]林英松,蒋金宝,秦涛.井漏处理技术的研究及发展[J].断块油气田,2005,12(2):4-7.LIN Yingsong,JIANG Jinbao,QIN Tao.The development of well loss processing technology[J].Fault-block&Gas Field,2005,12(2):4-7.
[6]肖国益,王秀东,李连坤,高善林.调整井复杂地层压力预测的新方法[J].石油钻探技术,2002,30(2):7-9.XIAO Guoyi,WANG Xiudong,LI Liankun,GAOShanlin.A new method of predicting formation pressure in adjustment wells[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2002,30(2):7-9.
[7]刘天科.胜利油田老区调整井钻井井控技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2011,33(3):9-11.LIU Tianke.Application of well control technology on adjustment wells in matured areas of Shengli Oilfield[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2011,33(3):9-11.
[8]朱炳兰,程远方,谢贤东.调整井地层压力预测方法研究与应用[J].复杂油气藏,2011,4(2):68-71.ZHU Binglan,CHEGN Yuanfang,XIE Xiandong.Research and application of the formation pressure prediction method for adjustment wells[J].Complex Hydrocarbon Reservoirs,2011,4(2):68-71.
[9]顾伟民,侯亚伟.海上复杂河流相油田安全优化注水研究--以PL19-3油田为例[J].石油天然气学报,2014,36(7):150-153.GU Weimin,HOU Yawei.Safety and optimized water injection of the marine complex fluvial oilfield:A case study on PL 19-3 Oilfield[J].Journal of Oil&Gas Technology,2014,36(7):150-153.
[10]霍宏博,许杰,谢涛,李金蔓,幸雪松,林海.溢流环空压力峰值确定套管下深方法[J].石油钻采工艺,2017,39(6):688-691.HUO Hongbo,XU Jie,Xie Tao,LI Jinman,XINGXuesong,LIN Hai.Determination of casing setting depth based on peak overflow annulus pressure[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2017,39(6):688-691.
[11]姚约东,李相方.动静态结合预测调整井地层压力的方法[J].石油钻探技术,2009,37(4):32-34.YAO Yuedong,LI Xiangfang.Using static and dynamic data to predict adjustment well formation pressure[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2009,37(4):31-34.
[12]姜泽菊,安申法,于彦,赵延茹,沈静.注水油田转周期注水开发影响因素探讨[J].石油钻探技术,2005,33(6):54-56.JAING Zeju,AN Shenfa,YU Yan,ZHAO Yanru,SHENJing.Study on factors affecting cyclic water injection performance[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2005,33(6):54-56.
[13]姜汉桥,谷建伟,陈月明,孙梦茹,计兆红.剩余油分布规律的精细数值模拟[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1999,23(5):31-34.JIANG Hanqiao,GU Jianwei,CHEN Yueming,SUNMengru,JI Zhaohong.Fine simulation for distribution of remaining oil in reservoir[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum China(Edition of Natural Science),1999,23(5):31-34.
[14]张旭,罗明高,王辉,梁跃林,孟威,毛玲.克拉玛依油田五3东区增产潜力[J].石油钻采工艺,2014,36(5):109-112.ZHANG Xu,LUO Minggao,WANG Hui,LIANGYuelin,MENG Wei,MAO Ling.Research on potential production increase of East 5-3 Block of Karamay Oilfield[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2014,36(5):109-112.
[15]周游,李治平,景成,孙威,李晓.基于流动单元控制的油藏宏观剩余油潜力分布[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(6):35-39.ZHOU You,LI Zhiping,JING Cheng,SUN Wei,LI Xiao.Distribution of macroscopic remaining-oil potential based on flow-unit[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2016,23(6):35-39.
[16]张烈辉编著.油气藏数值模拟基本原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2014ZHANG Liehui.Basic principle of numerical simulation of oil and gas reservoirs[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2014.
[17]中国国家标准化管理委员会.石油天然气钻井井控技术规范:GB/T 31033-2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.Specification for well control technology of oil&gas drilling:GB/T 31033-2014[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2014.