时间视角下工作价值观的内容分析:基于反应频次的分析
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摘要
目的:①了解时间视角下工作价值观的反应内容和结构。②了解不同年代被试择业时考虑的因素是否存在差异。③了解随着个体生涯的发展与变化,过去、现在、未来择业时考虑的因素是否有不同。方法:运用开放式问卷对60年代、70-80年代和90年代被试过去、现在、未来择业时考虑的因素进行深度访谈,对访谈结果进行内容分析。结果:①全部102名访谈对象的过去、现在、未来工作价值观的反应一共得到1907个分析单元。②60年代、70-80年代和90年代访谈对象在现在工作价值观上,除了"能力匹配与发挥"、"晋升"2个条目外,其余的条目均没有代际差异。③对不同所属代被试的过去、现在、未来工作价值观反应的比较发现,60年代被试在安全稳定1个工作价值观条目表现出生涯发展的差异,70-80年代被试在照顾家人1个工作价值观条目表现出生涯发展的差异,90年代被试在照顾家人、休闲旅游2个工作价值观条目表现出生涯发展的差异。结论:①工作价值观内容分析的类目与分析单元确立为自我发展、职业魅力、薪酬福利、地位威望、利他价值、社会关系、人际关系、家庭家族维护八大类42子类。②不同所属代被试择业时考虑的因素和标准基本相同,不同代际工作价值观的结构是基本一致的。③随着个体生涯的发展,过去、现在、未来择业时考虑的因素和标准基本相同,已经形成的工作价值观呈现出一定的稳定性。
Objective: ①To understand the contents and structure of work values from time perspective. ②To understand whether there are different factors when difference generations choosing a work. ③To understand whether there are different factors that have been taken into consideration in the past, present and future with individual work changes. Methods: We used an open-ended questionnaire interview different generation(‘60 s,‘70-80 s,‘90 s) about considering factors when they chose a work in difference mental time(past, present, future) and did a content analysis for interview results.Results: ①There were 1907 analysis units from 102 participants' s work values reaction in different mental time(past, present and future). ②The difference compare of examinee's(‘60 s,‘70-80 s,‘90 s) frontal 15 items of present work values discovered that only 2 items(capability matching, promotion) showed significant generational differences. ③The difference compare of different generations' s frontal 15 items of difference work value(past, present and future) found that ‘60 s generation had significant different on safety and stability item,‘70-80 s generation had significant different on take care of the family item and ‘90 s generation had significant different on taking care of the family and leisure tourism 2 items. Conclusion: The content and unit analysis of work value is established as the 8 class 42 subclasses. In job finding, the factors of people's rating from different ages are almost the same. A certain inter-generation stability and life stage stability are shown in work value structure.
Objective: ①To understand the contents and structure of work values from time perspective. ②To understand whether there are different factors when difference generations choosing a work. ③To understand whether there are different factors that have been taken into consideration in the past, present and future with individual work changes. Methods: We used an open-ended questionnaire interview different generation(‘60 s,‘70-80 s,‘90 s) about considering factors when they chose a work in difference mental time(past, present, future) and did a content analysis for interview results.Results: ①There were 1907 analysis units from 102 participants' s work values reaction in different mental time(past, present and future). ②The difference compare of examinee's(‘60 s,‘70-80 s,‘90 s) frontal 15 items of present work values discovered that only 2 items(capability matching, promotion) showed significant generational differences. ③The difference compare of different generations' s frontal 15 items of difference work value(past, present and future) found that ‘60 s generation had significant different on safety and stability item,‘70-80 s generation had significant different on take care of the family item and ‘90 s generation had significant different on taking care of the family and leisure tourism 2 items. Conclusion: The content and unit analysis of work value is established as the 8 class 42 subclasses. In job finding, the factors of people's rating from different ages are almost the same. A certain inter-generation stability and life stage stability are shown in work value structure.
引文
1陈坚,连榕.代际工作价值观发展的研究述评.心理科学进展,2011,19(11):1692-1701
2 Schwartz SH.A Theory of Cultural Values and Some Implications for Work.Applied Psychology,1999,48(1):23-47
3 Ros M,Schwartz SH,Surkiss S.Basic Individual Values,Work Values,and the Meaning of Work.Applied Psychology,1999,48(1):49-71
4 Elizur D,Sagie A.Facets of Personal Values:A Structural Analysis of Life and Work Values.Applied Psychology,1999,48(1):73-87
5楼静波.当代青年的职业价值观.青年研究,1990,1:22-28
6凌文辁,方俐洛,白利刚.我国大学生的职业价值观研究.心理学报,1999,31(3):342-348
7余华,黄希庭.大学生与内地企业员工职业价值观的比较研究.心理科学,2000,23(6):739-740
8 Kupperschmidt BR.Multigeneration employees:strategies for effective management.Health Care Manager,2000,19(1):65-76
9周晓虹.冲突与认同:全球化背景下的代际关系.社会,2008,28(2):20-38
10廖小平.伦理的代际之维.人民出版社,2004
11武俊平.第五代人.天津教育出版社,1998
12廖小平.分化与整合,转型期价值观代际变迁研究.高等教育出版社,2007
13郑也夫.知识分子研究.中国青年出版社,2004
14 Egri CP,Ralston DA.Generation Cohorts and Personal Values:A Comparison of China and the United States.Organization Science,2004,15(2):210-220
15 Ralston DA,Egri CP,Stewart S,et al.Doing Business in the21st Century with the New Generation of Chinese Managers:A Study of Generational Shifts in Work Values in China.Journal of International Business Studies,1999,30(2):415-427
16 Super DE.A life-span,life-space approach to career development.Journal of Vocational Behavior,1980,52:129-148
17 Lyons ST.An exploration of generational values in life and at work.Unpublished doctoral dissertation,Carleton University,Ottawa,Canada.2003.Retrieved December 12,2010,from:http://disexpress.umi.com Catalogue#:AAT NQ94206
18王垒,马洪波,姚翔.当代北京大学生工作价值观结构研究.心理与行为研究,2003,1:23-28
19金盛华,李雪.大学生职业价值观:手段与目的.心理学报,2005,37(5):650-657
20辛增友.青年职业价值观的横断与纵向研究.西南大学,2006
21陈坚.代际工作价值观发展研究.福建师范大学,2012
22张金生.研究生职业价值观研究.西南大学,2008
23赵辉.企业员工工作价值观的研究.河南大学,2005
24胥兴春.教师工作价值观及其影响效应研究.西南大学,2007
25刘颖.工作价值观的结构研究及其应用.南京师范大学,2008
26郭靖.公务员工作价值观量表的初步编制.中国临床心理学杂志,2009,17(3):303-305
27霍娜,李超平.工作价值观的研究进展与展望.心理科学进展,2009,17(4):795-801
28吕剑辉.高校教师工作价值观量表结构的检验.体育世界:学术版,2011,6:117-119
29陈红雷,周帆.工作价值观结构研究的进展和趋势.心理科学进展,2003,11(6):700-703
30邱珂,边宏广.当代中国大学生价值观解析.中国青年研究,2005,8:40-42
31文萍,李红,马宽斌.不同时期我国青少年价值观变化特点的历时性研究.青年研究,2005,12:1-8
32张洪烈.舒伯生涯发展论的评析及应用.云南财经大学学报,2010,26(4):154-160
33刘汶蓉.家庭价值的变迁和延续--来自四个维度的经验证据.社会科学,2011,10:78-89
34 Twenge JM,Campbell SM,Hoffman BJ,et al.Generational Differences in Work Values:Leisure and Extrinsic Values Increasing,Social and Intrinsic Values Decreasing.Journal of Management:Official Journal of the Southern Management Association,2010,36(5):1117-1142
2 Schwartz SH.A Theory of Cultural Values and Some Implications for Work.Applied Psychology,1999,48(1):23-47
3 Ros M,Schwartz SH,Surkiss S.Basic Individual Values,Work Values,and the Meaning of Work.Applied Psychology,1999,48(1):49-71
4 Elizur D,Sagie A.Facets of Personal Values:A Structural Analysis of Life and Work Values.Applied Psychology,1999,48(1):73-87
5楼静波.当代青年的职业价值观.青年研究,1990,1:22-28
6凌文辁,方俐洛,白利刚.我国大学生的职业价值观研究.心理学报,1999,31(3):342-348
7余华,黄希庭.大学生与内地企业员工职业价值观的比较研究.心理科学,2000,23(6):739-740
8 Kupperschmidt BR.Multigeneration employees:strategies for effective management.Health Care Manager,2000,19(1):65-76
9周晓虹.冲突与认同:全球化背景下的代际关系.社会,2008,28(2):20-38
10廖小平.伦理的代际之维.人民出版社,2004
11武俊平.第五代人.天津教育出版社,1998
12廖小平.分化与整合,转型期价值观代际变迁研究.高等教育出版社,2007
13郑也夫.知识分子研究.中国青年出版社,2004
14 Egri CP,Ralston DA.Generation Cohorts and Personal Values:A Comparison of China and the United States.Organization Science,2004,15(2):210-220
15 Ralston DA,Egri CP,Stewart S,et al.Doing Business in the21st Century with the New Generation of Chinese Managers:A Study of Generational Shifts in Work Values in China.Journal of International Business Studies,1999,30(2):415-427
16 Super DE.A life-span,life-space approach to career development.Journal of Vocational Behavior,1980,52:129-148
17 Lyons ST.An exploration of generational values in life and at work.Unpublished doctoral dissertation,Carleton University,Ottawa,Canada.2003.Retrieved December 12,2010,from:http://disexpress.umi.com Catalogue#:AAT NQ94206
18王垒,马洪波,姚翔.当代北京大学生工作价值观结构研究.心理与行为研究,2003,1:23-28
19金盛华,李雪.大学生职业价值观:手段与目的.心理学报,2005,37(5):650-657
20辛增友.青年职业价值观的横断与纵向研究.西南大学,2006
21陈坚.代际工作价值观发展研究.福建师范大学,2012
22张金生.研究生职业价值观研究.西南大学,2008
23赵辉.企业员工工作价值观的研究.河南大学,2005
24胥兴春.教师工作价值观及其影响效应研究.西南大学,2007
25刘颖.工作价值观的结构研究及其应用.南京师范大学,2008
26郭靖.公务员工作价值观量表的初步编制.中国临床心理学杂志,2009,17(3):303-305
27霍娜,李超平.工作价值观的研究进展与展望.心理科学进展,2009,17(4):795-801
28吕剑辉.高校教师工作价值观量表结构的检验.体育世界:学术版,2011,6:117-119
29陈红雷,周帆.工作价值观结构研究的进展和趋势.心理科学进展,2003,11(6):700-703
30邱珂,边宏广.当代中国大学生价值观解析.中国青年研究,2005,8:40-42
31文萍,李红,马宽斌.不同时期我国青少年价值观变化特点的历时性研究.青年研究,2005,12:1-8
32张洪烈.舒伯生涯发展论的评析及应用.云南财经大学学报,2010,26(4):154-160
33刘汶蓉.家庭价值的变迁和延续--来自四个维度的经验证据.社会科学,2011,10:78-89
34 Twenge JM,Campbell SM,Hoffman BJ,et al.Generational Differences in Work Values:Leisure and Extrinsic Values Increasing,Social and Intrinsic Values Decreasing.Journal of Management:Official Journal of the Southern Management Association,2010,36(5):1117-1142