加快稻谷收购市场化改革的思考
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摘要
稻谷最低收购价政策改革是粮食收储制度改革中的重要一环。2004年以来,我国稻谷最低收购价政策经历了保供给为主、保增收为主、试探性市场化改革和实质性市场化改革四个阶段。2018年稻谷最低收购价政策迈出实质性市场化改革步伐,主要措施包括大幅降低托市价格、缩短托市收购期限、提高托市收购质量、优化托市收购启动及停止的条件等方面。从总体上看,改革取得了预期效果,突出表现在稻谷市场扭曲程度减弱,但稻谷最低收购价政策改革仍面临政策不协调、责任不明确等问题,导致农民售粮成本上升、种粮收入减少等现象出现。为推动稻谷最低收购价政策改革,本文从继续调减稻谷托市价格水平、建立完善稻农收益保障机制等方面提出建议。
The reform on the policy of minimum purchase price of rice is an important part of the reform of the grain purchase and storage system. Since 2004,China's policy of minimum purchase price of rice has gone through four stages: ensuring supply,increasing income,exploring market reform and substantial market reform. In 2018,the policy of minimum purchase price for rice has taken substantial steps toward market-oriented reform. The main measures include substantially reducing the price of supporting the market,shortening the purchase period,improving the quality of the purchase,and optimizing the conditions for the start and stop of the purchase. On the whole,the reform has achieved the desired effect,which is mainly reflected in the weakened distortion of the rice market. However,the reform on the policy of minimum purchase price of rice is still faced with problems such as uncoordinated policies and unclear responsibilities,resulting in the increase of farmers' cost of selling grain and the decrease of their income from growing grain. For deepening the reform on the policy of minimum purchase price for rice,this paper suggests that we should continue to reduce the price level of rice to support the market,establish and improve the mechanism to guarantee the income of rice farmers,and so on.
The reform on the policy of minimum purchase price of rice is an important part of the reform of the grain purchase and storage system. Since 2004,China's policy of minimum purchase price of rice has gone through four stages: ensuring supply,increasing income,exploring market reform and substantial market reform. In 2018,the policy of minimum purchase price for rice has taken substantial steps toward market-oriented reform. The main measures include substantially reducing the price of supporting the market,shortening the purchase period,improving the quality of the purchase,and optimizing the conditions for the start and stop of the purchase. On the whole,the reform has achieved the desired effect,which is mainly reflected in the weakened distortion of the rice market. However,the reform on the policy of minimum purchase price of rice is still faced with problems such as uncoordinated policies and unclear responsibilities,resulting in the increase of farmers' cost of selling grain and the decrease of their income from growing grain. For deepening the reform on the policy of minimum purchase price for rice,this paper suggests that we should continue to reduce the price level of rice to support the market,establish and improve the mechanism to guarantee the income of rice farmers,and so on.
引文
1.陈锡文.加快推进农业供给侧结构性改革促进我国农业转型升级.农村工作通讯,2016(24):5~8
2 .程国强.我国粮价政策改革的逻辑与思路.农业经济问题,2016(2):4~9
3 .孔祥智,张效榕.新一轮粮食价格改革:背景与方向.价格理论与实践,2017(1):15~19
4 .张天佐,郭永田,杨洁梅.基于价格支持和补贴导向的农业支持保护制度改革回顾与展望.农业经济问题,2018(11):4~10
5 .曹慧,张玉梅,孙昊.粮食最低收购价政策改革思路与影响分析.中国农村经济,2017(11):33~46
6 .徐田华.农产品价格形成机制改革的难点与对策.农业经济问题,2018(7):70~77
7 .李国祥.优质优价走粮食高质量发展道路.粮油市场报,2018-07-14
8 .王士春.我国粮价政策改革要促进竞争力提升.中国粮食经济,2018(4):25~27
(1)国家统计局.解读粮食生产情况(http://www.stats.gov.cn)
(1)资料来源:江西省价格成本调查监审局,http://www.jxdpc.gov.cn
(2)河南罗山:卖粮排队三四天,再现农民卖粮难.农村致富网,http://www.nongcun5.cn
*该措施来自2018年5月国家发改委、国家粮食和物资储备局等6部门印发的《小麦和稻谷最低收购价执行预案》
2 .程国强.我国粮价政策改革的逻辑与思路.农业经济问题,2016(2):4~9
3 .孔祥智,张效榕.新一轮粮食价格改革:背景与方向.价格理论与实践,2017(1):15~19
4 .张天佐,郭永田,杨洁梅.基于价格支持和补贴导向的农业支持保护制度改革回顾与展望.农业经济问题,2018(11):4~10
5 .曹慧,张玉梅,孙昊.粮食最低收购价政策改革思路与影响分析.中国农村经济,2017(11):33~46
6 .徐田华.农产品价格形成机制改革的难点与对策.农业经济问题,2018(7):70~77
7 .李国祥.优质优价走粮食高质量发展道路.粮油市场报,2018-07-14
8 .王士春.我国粮价政策改革要促进竞争力提升.中国粮食经济,2018(4):25~27
(1)国家统计局.解读粮食生产情况(http://www.stats.gov.cn)
(1)资料来源:江西省价格成本调查监审局,http://www.jxdpc.gov.cn
(2)河南罗山:卖粮排队三四天,再现农民卖粮难.农村致富网,http://www.nongcun5.cn
*该措施来自2018年5月国家发改委、国家粮食和物资储备局等6部门印发的《小麦和稻谷最低收购价执行预案》