一次副高影响下的局地强风暴触发及维持机制探析
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摘要
利用自动站观测资料、FY-2G卫星资料和多普勒雷达等资料,对发生在副热带高压影响下的重庆局地强风暴过程进行了观测和数值模拟分析,探讨了其中尺度对流系统(MCS)演变,抬升触发和维持机制。结果表明:(1)在副热带高压影响下,重庆处于高温、高湿气团中,大气层结极不稳定;(2)此次局地风暴抬升触发的关键因子是地面附近浅薄边界层中尺度辐合线,辐合线由川渝盆地中西部MCS的雷暴高压与重庆地面热低压共同作用形成;(3)中尺度辐合线触发的对流风暴形成小范围冷池出流与环境风场形成新的辐合线,加强对流风暴发展,并再次触发新的对流单体。承载层平均风为偏南风,使得对流单体向北缓慢移动,冷池出流和边界层辐合线共同作用使得风暴单体向西向北传播和长时间维持。
Based on conventional automatic meteorological data, FY-2 G satellite data, Doppler radar data and other related data, a localized severe storm under the influence of subtropical high in Chongqing is analyzed and simulated. This paper discusses evolution process of mesoscale convective system(MCS), triggering and maintaining mechanism. The results show that mesoscale environment of high temperature,high humidity air mass and extreme unstable atmospheric stratification conditions were provided under the influence of subtropical high. The triggering key factor of the local convective storm was mesoscale convergence line in shallow boundary near the ground. The convergence line was generated by combined contribution from thunderstorm high pressure of MCS in the central and western Sichuan and Chongqing Basin and the surface thermal low in Chongqing. Small range of cold pool outflow was generated by convective storm triggered by convergence line. A new convergence line was formed by small range of pool generated by convective storm triggered by mesoscale convergence line and ground ambient wind, strengthening development of convection storm and triggering new convection cells. The convective cells moved slowly northward under the average south wind in the bearing layer. Thus the cold pool outflow and the boundary convergence lines caused convective cells to propagate northwestward and maintain a long time.
Based on conventional automatic meteorological data, FY-2 G satellite data, Doppler radar data and other related data, a localized severe storm under the influence of subtropical high in Chongqing is analyzed and simulated. This paper discusses evolution process of mesoscale convective system(MCS), triggering and maintaining mechanism. The results show that mesoscale environment of high temperature,high humidity air mass and extreme unstable atmospheric stratification conditions were provided under the influence of subtropical high. The triggering key factor of the local convective storm was mesoscale convergence line in shallow boundary near the ground. The convergence line was generated by combined contribution from thunderstorm high pressure of MCS in the central and western Sichuan and Chongqing Basin and the surface thermal low in Chongqing. Small range of cold pool outflow was generated by convective storm triggered by convergence line. A new convergence line was formed by small range of pool generated by convective storm triggered by mesoscale convergence line and ground ambient wind, strengthening development of convection storm and triggering new convection cells. The convective cells moved slowly northward under the average south wind in the bearing layer. Thus the cold pool outflow and the boundary convergence lines caused convective cells to propagate northwestward and maintain a long time.
引文
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陈永仁,李跃清,2013.“12. 7. 22”四川暴雨的MCS特征及对短时强降雨的影响[J].气象,39(7):848-860. Chen Y R,Li Y Q,2013.Characteristics of mesoscale convective system and its effects on short-time severe rainfall in Sichuan Basin during 21—22 July2012[J]. Meteor Mon,39(7):848-860(in Chinese).
湛芸,孙军,徐珺,等,2012.北京721特大暴雨极端性分析及思考(一)观测分析及思考[J].气象,38(10):1255-1266. Chen Y,Sun J,Xu J,et al,2012. Analysis and thinking on the extremes of the21 July 2012 torrential rain in Beijing Part I:observation and thinking[J]. Meteor Mon,38(10):1255-1266(in Chinese).
代刊,何立富,金荣花,2010.加密观测资料在北京2008年9月7日雷暴过程分析中的综合应用[J].气象,36(7):160-167. Dai K,He L F,Jin R H,2010. Synthetic applications of intensive observations to analysis of the 7 September 2008 severe convective systems in Beijing[J]. Meteor Mon, 36(7):160-167(in Chinese).
杜倩,覃丹宇,张鹏,2013.一次西南低涡造成华南暴雨过程的FY-2卫里观测分析[J].气象,39(7):821-831. Du Q,Qin D Y,Zhang P,2013. Observation and analysis of a southwest vortex rainstorm in southern China using FY-2 satellite data[J]. Meteor Mon,39(7):821-831(in Chinese).
顾清源,肖递祥,黄楚惠,等,2009.低空急流在副高西北侧连续性暴雨中的触发作用[J].气象,35(4):59-67. Gu Q Y,Xiao D X,Huang C H,et al,2009. Trigger role of the low level jet for the continuous rainstorm in the northwest side of subtropical high[J]. Meteor Mon,35(4):59-67(in Chinese).
江玉华,何跃,邓承之,等,2009.重庆市大范围暴雨与西南低涡[C].第26届中国气象学会年会论文集.杭州:中国气象学会:2441-2447. Jiang Y H,He Y,Deng C Z,et al,2009. Large-scale rainstorm and Southwest vortex in Chongqing[C]. Hang Zhou:Proceedings 26th Annual Meeting of the Chinese MeteorologicalSociety:2441-2447(in Chinese).
康岚,冯汉中,屠妮妮,等,2008.一次川渝大暴雨的中尺度分析[J].气象,34(10):40-49. Kang L,Feng H Z,Tu N N,et al,2008.Mesoscale analysis of a torrential rain in Sichuan and Chongqing[J]. Meteor Mon,34(10):40-49(in Chinese).
刘还珠,王维国,邵明轩,等,2007.西太平洋副热带高压影响下北京区域性暴雨的个例分析[J].大气科学.31(4):727-734. Liu H Z,Wang W G,Shao M X,et al,2007. A case study of the influence of the western pacific subtropical high on the torrential rainfall in Beijing Area[J]. Chinese J Atmos Sci,31(4):727-734(in Chinese).
祁东平.周建志,王珊珊,等,2008.一次局地强降水过程的中尺度特征及预报难点分析[J].暴雨灾害,27(1):42-48. Qi D P,Zhou J Z,Wang S S, et al.2008. The forecasting difficulties and mesoscale characteristics of a local heavy precipitation[J]. Torrential Rain Disasters. 27(1):42-48(in Chinese).
盛春岩,浦一芳,高守亭,2006.多普勒天气雷达资料对中尺度模式短时预报的影响[J].大气科学,30(1):93-107. Sheng C Y,Pu Y F,Gao S T,2006. Effect of Chinese doppler radar data on nowcasting output of mesoscale model[J]. Chinese J Atmos Sci,30(1):93-107(in Chinese).
王华,孙继松,2008.下垫面物理过程在一次北京地区强冰雹天气中的作用[J].气象,34(3):16-21. Wang H,Sun J S,2008. Effects of underlying surface physical process on a severe hail event occurred in Beijing Area[J]. Meteor Mon, 34(3):16-21(in Chinese).
王丽荣,刘黎平,王立荣,等,2013.太行山东麓地面辐合线特征分析[J].气象,39(1):1445-1451. Wang L R,Liu L P,Wang L R,et al,2013. Analysis of surface convergence line features in the eastern side of Taihang Mountain[J]. Meteor Mon,39(11):1445-1451(in Chinese).
王叶红,赖安伟,赵玉春,2012.降水资料同化在梅雨锋特大暴雨个例模拟中的应用研究[J].气象学报,70(3):402-417. Wang Y H,Lai A W,Zhao Y C,2012. A study of application of the precipitation data assimilation technique to numerical simulation of an excessive meiyu front rainfall event[J]. Acta Meteor Sinica,70(3):402-417(in Chinese).
肖鹏,夏利,于竹娟,等,2013.副高边缘两次大暴雨天气过程物理量特征分析[J].高原山地气象研究.33(2):51-56. Xiao P,Xia L,Yu Z J,et al.2013. The physical quantity discussion of two rainstorm weather on the edge of subtropical high[J]. Plateau Mountain Meteor Res,33(2):51-56(in Chinese).
徐枝芳,龚建东,王建捷,等,2007a.复杂地形下地面观测资料同化I:模式地形与观测站地形高度差异对地面资料同化的影响研究[J].大气科学,31(2):222-232. Xu Z F,Gong J D, Wang J J,et al,2007a. A study of assimilation of surface observational dato in complex terrain PartⅠ:influence of the elevation difference between model surface and observation site[J]. Chinese J Atmos Sci,31(2):222-232(in Chinese).
徐枝芳,龚建东,王建捷,等,2007b.复杂地形下地面观测资料同化Ⅱ:模式地形与观测站地形高度差异代表性误差[J].大气科学,31(3):449-458. Xu Z F,Gong J D,Wang J J.et al.2007b. A study of assimilation of surface observational data in complex terrain PartⅡ:representative error of the elevation difference between model surface and observation site[J]. Chinese J Atmos Sci,31(3):449-458(in Chinese).
张家国.周金莲.谌伟,等,2015.大别山西侧极端降水中尺度对流系统结构与传播特征[J].气象学报,73(2):291-304.Zhang J G,Zhou J L,Chen W,et al,2015. The structure and propagation characteristics of the extreme-rain-producing MCS on the west side of Dabie Mountain[J]. Acta Meteor Sinica,73(2):291-304(in Chinese).
张文龙,崔晓鹏,黄荣.2014.复杂地形下北京雷暴新生地点变化的加密观测研究[J].大气科学,38(5):825-837. Zhang W L,Cui X P, Huang R,2014. Intensive observational study on evolution of formation location of thunderstorms in Beijing under complex topographical conditions[J]. Chinese J Atmos Sci, 38(5):825-837(in Chinese).
张亚萍,2015.重庆市强对流天气分析图集[M].北京:气象出版社:8-11. Zhang Y P, 2015. Analysis Atlas of Severe Convetion Weather in Chongqing[M]. Beijing:China Meteorogical Press:8-11(in Chinese).
郑祚芳,刘红燕,张秀丽,2009.局地强对流天气分析中非常规探测资料应用[J].气象科技,37(2):243-247. Zheng Z F,Liu H Y.Zhang X L,2009. Application of non-conventional observationl data to local heavy rain analysis[J]. Meteor Sci Technol,37(2):243-247(in Chinese).
周淑玲,闫淑玲,张灿,2009. 2007年8月10—12日山东半岛持续性大暴雨的维持机制分析[J].热带气象学报,25(5):628-634.Zhou S L, Yan S L, Zhang C, 2009. Analysis of maintaining mechanisms of persistent severe heavy rain events in Shandong Peninsula from 10 to 12 August 2007[J]. J Trop Meteor, 25(5):628-634(in Chinese).
宗志平,陈涛,徐珺,等,2013. 2012年初秋四川盆地两次西南涡暴雨过程的对比分析与预报检验[J].气象,39(5):567-576. Zong Z P,Chen T,Xu J,et al,2013. Analysis and forecast verification of two southwest vortex torrential rain events in Sichuan Basin in early Autumn of 2012[J]. Meteor Mon,39(5):567-576(in Chinese).
Droegemeier K K.Wilhelmson R B.1985. Three-dimensional numerical modeling of convection produced by interacting thunderstorm out flows. PartⅠ:control simulation and low-level moisture variations[J]. J Atmos Sci,42(22):2381-2403.
Droegemeier K K, Wilhelmson R B. 1987. Numerical simulation of thunderstorm outflow dynamics. Part I:outflow sensitivity experiments and turbulence dynamics[J]. J Atmos Sci, 44(8):1180-1210.
Gao J D,Xue M,Shapiro A,et al. 2001. Three-dimensional simple ad-joint velocity retrievals from single-Doppler radar[J]. J Atmos Oceanic Technol. 18(1):26-38.
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