平朔矿区开采受损及治理区土壤养分特征对比分析
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摘要
[目的]了解山西省朔州市平朔矿区土壤养分分布的空间规律,为以后施肥决策提供依据,加速改善矿区土壤状况。[方法]以平朔矿区为研究区域,分别采集开采未损区、开采受损区、受损治理区3个区域的土壤样本各30组,再通过试验测得土壤的养分含量并用R和Sufer等进行分析处理获取不同区域的养分变化情况,最后根据样本各养分因子的隶属度值和权重系数对土壤养分情况进行了综合评价。[结果]通过和土壤养分含量分级与丰缺度标准相对比,结果表明平朔矿区的养分丰缺度为急缺或缺状态,除pH值外其他养分指标变异系数及含量波动大,尤其开采未损区。土地复垦虽然可以一定程度地改善矿区的受损土壤,但是受损治理区土壤要想恢复到开采前状态,还需要很长时间。[结论]平朔矿区的采矿和土地复垦对土壤养分含量和土壤养分分布有重要影响。
[Objective]We aim to understand the spatial distribution law of soil nutrient in Pingshuo mining area in Shuozhou City,Shanxi Province,in order to provide the basis for fertilization decision in the future,and to accelerate the improvement in soil condition in mining area.[Methods]We took Pingshuo mining area as the research area,and collected 30 groups of soil samples respectively from mining undamaged areas,mining damaged areas and harnessing areas.The soil nutrient content was then measured by experiments and analyzed by Rand Sufer,to obtain nutrient changes in different areas.Finally,the soil nutrient status was comprehensively evaluated based on the membership value and weight coefficient of each nutrient factor in the sample.[Results]Compared with soil nutrient content grading and the standard of nutrient abundance and deficiency,the nutrient was in a status of deficient or acute deficient in Pingshuo mining area.Except for pH value,the variation coefficients and content of other nutrient indexes fluctuated greatly,especially in the undisturbed areas.Although land reclamation could improve the damaged soil of the mining area to a certain extent,it would take a long time for the damaged soil to be recovered to the status before mining.[Conclusion]Mining and land reclamation in Pingshuo mining area have important influence on soil nutrient content and distribution.
[Objective]We aim to understand the spatial distribution law of soil nutrient in Pingshuo mining area in Shuozhou City,Shanxi Province,in order to provide the basis for fertilization decision in the future,and to accelerate the improvement in soil condition in mining area.[Methods]We took Pingshuo mining area as the research area,and collected 30 groups of soil samples respectively from mining undamaged areas,mining damaged areas and harnessing areas.The soil nutrient content was then measured by experiments and analyzed by Rand Sufer,to obtain nutrient changes in different areas.Finally,the soil nutrient status was comprehensively evaluated based on the membership value and weight coefficient of each nutrient factor in the sample.[Results]Compared with soil nutrient content grading and the standard of nutrient abundance and deficiency,the nutrient was in a status of deficient or acute deficient in Pingshuo mining area.Except for pH value,the variation coefficients and content of other nutrient indexes fluctuated greatly,especially in the undisturbed areas.Although land reclamation could improve the damaged soil of the mining area to a certain extent,it would take a long time for the damaged soil to be recovered to the status before mining.[Conclusion]Mining and land reclamation in Pingshuo mining area have important influence on soil nutrient content and distribution.
引文
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[18]郭汉清,谢英荷,洪坚平,等.煤基复混肥对复垦土壤养分、玉米产量及水肥利用的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(2):213-218.
[19]贾俊香,谢英荷.生物炭对采煤塌陷复垦区土壤养分与酶活性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(11):88-91.
[20]李克中,朱永恒.中小型土壤动物组成对复垦铜尾地土壤养分的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(12):3979-3987.
[21]宋小园,朱仲元,韩永明,等.基于改进的突变级数法在复垦区土壤恢复评价中的应用[J].干旱区地理,2014,37(5):1012-1018.
[22]赵韵美.阜新煤矿废弃地不同植被恢复模式对土壤养分的影响[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[2]王丽.神木矿区采煤对土壤和植被的影响[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[3]刘孝阳,周伟,白中科,等.平朔矿区露天煤矿排土场复垦类型及微地形对土壤养分的影响[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(3):6-12.
[4]马桦薇,师学义,张美荣,等.待复垦村庄土壤养分特征研究:以山西省西郜村为例[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(4):107-112.
[5]杨玉敏,师学义,马桦薇,等.煤炭基地村庄复垦前后土壤养分时空变化研究:以山西省西郜村为例[J].江西农业大学学报,2017,39(3):633-640.
[6]黎炜.煤矿充填复垦区土壤肥力质量变化与地下水重金属污染研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2011.
[7]仝婕.陕北煤矿区土壤肥力质量评价[D].西安:西安科技大学,2016.
[8]张雅楠.黑岱沟排土场复垦地植被类型及土壤理化性质的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2013.
[9]张菁,江山,王改玲.安太堡露天矿不同复垦年限苜蓿地土壤养分和酶活性剖面特征[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(1):42-48.
[10]李智兰.矿区复垦对土壤养分和酶活性以及微生物数量的影响[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(2):6-13.
[11]薛燕琴.孝义矿区不同复垦年限复垦土壤理化性状和肥力研究[D].山西晋中:山西农业大学,2013.
[12]王义,刘美英,陈士超,等.神东矿区土壤肥力与盐分特征研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(9):63-68.
[13]叶凌枫.不同修复措施对矿区土壤肥力质量的影响及评价[D].西安:长安大学,2016.
[14]裴忠雪.东北典型垦区土壤物理性质与肥力关系及其对造林的响应[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2016.
[15]李俊颖.济宁市煤矿区土地复垦方式对土壤养分状况的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2017.
[16]栗丽,李廷亮,孟会生,等.菌剂与肥料配施对矿区复垦土壤养分及微生物学特性的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2016,22(6):1156-1160.
[17]乔志伟,洪坚平,李林轩,等.溶磷细菌对复垦土壤养分、酶活性及磷解析的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(2):166-170,203.
[18]郭汉清,谢英荷,洪坚平,等.煤基复混肥对复垦土壤养分、玉米产量及水肥利用的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(2):213-218.
[19]贾俊香,谢英荷.生物炭对采煤塌陷复垦区土壤养分与酶活性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(11):88-91.
[20]李克中,朱永恒.中小型土壤动物组成对复垦铜尾地土壤养分的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(12):3979-3987.
[21]宋小园,朱仲元,韩永明,等.基于改进的突变级数法在复垦区土壤恢复评价中的应用[J].干旱区地理,2014,37(5):1012-1018.
[22]赵韵美.阜新煤矿废弃地不同植被恢复模式对土壤养分的影响[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.