虾青素、万寿菊粉对狮子头金鱼生长、血液指标及免疫力的影响
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摘要
本试验以狮子头金鱼为养殖对象,以万寿菊粉(0.38%、0.76%、1.52%)、虾青素(0.04%、0.08%、0.16%)为饲料添加剂,采用3×3因子设计,研究了饲料中万寿菊粉和虾青素不同搭配比例对狮子头金鱼生长、血液指标及免疫力的影响,测定了狮子头鱼增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、饵料系数(FCR)、蛋白质效率(PER)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)等指标的变化情况。结果表明:在饲料中添加万寿菊粉和虾青素能显著提高狮子头金鱼的增重率和特定生长率,其中0.38%万寿菊粉、0.08%虾青素和1.52%万寿菊粉、0.16%虾青素两组饲料对狮子头金鱼的促生长效果最好,饵料系数最低;当饲料中添加0.38%万寿菊粉、0.08%虾青素时,狮子头金鱼血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量均降低,高密度值蛋白胆固醇含量有所升高,在该饲料组,狮子头金鱼GOT、GPT活性也较低。综合狮子头金鱼生长、血液、免疫指标及饲料成本来看,建议狮子头金鱼饲料中添加万寿菊粉0.38%、虾青素0.08%。
Growth experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary astaxanthin, marigold powder level on the growth performance, blood indexes and immunity ofthe lion head goldfish. Nine diets were formulated, containing three marigold powder levels, each with three astaxanthin levels. Fish were fed the experimental diets in the culture system for 8 weeks.The results showed that: Adding marigold powder and astaxanthin in fish dietary can improve the weight gain and specific growth rate of Red lion-head goldfish. And when the addition of marigold powder andastaxanthin was 0.38%/0.08%, 1.52%/0.16%, the Red lion-head goldfishreached the highest growth performance. The TG content, TC content, LDL-C content, GOT and GPT activity reduced in the 0.38% marigold powder, 0.08% astaxanthin group, while in this group the HDL-C got the maximum. Considering the growth, blood, immune index and feed cost of the red lion head goldfish, it is suggested that the amount of marigold powder and astaxanthin in the red lion head goldfish feed is 0.38% and 0.08%.
Growth experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary astaxanthin, marigold powder level on the growth performance, blood indexes and immunity ofthe lion head goldfish. Nine diets were formulated, containing three marigold powder levels, each with three astaxanthin levels. Fish were fed the experimental diets in the culture system for 8 weeks.The results showed that: Adding marigold powder and astaxanthin in fish dietary can improve the weight gain and specific growth rate of Red lion-head goldfish. And when the addition of marigold powder andastaxanthin was 0.38%/0.08%, 1.52%/0.16%, the Red lion-head goldfishreached the highest growth performance. The TG content, TC content, LDL-C content, GOT and GPT activity reduced in the 0.38% marigold powder, 0.08% astaxanthin group, while in this group the HDL-C got the maximum. Considering the growth, blood, immune index and feed cost of the red lion head goldfish, it is suggested that the amount of marigold powder and astaxanthin in the red lion head goldfish feed is 0.38% and 0.08%.
引文
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[2]林登贵,曾丽,王鹏,等.万寿菊研究现状及发展趋势[J].上海农业学报,2014,30(6):145-149.
[3]李娜,王平,吴志刚,等.色素万寿菊研究现状及发展前景[J].北方园艺,2010(10):228-231.
[4]张晓丽,刘建国.万寿菊的研究进展[J].西南园艺,2005,33(5):17-21.
[5]de la Mora G I,Arredondo-Figueroa J L,Ponce-Palafox J T,et al.Comparison of red chilli(Capsicum annuum)oleoresin and astaxanthin on rainbow trout(Oncorhyncus mykiss)fillet pigmentation[J].Aquaculture,2006,258(1):487-495
[6]耿华田.虾青素简介[J].化学教育,2007(3):5-7.
[7]彭永健,吕红萍,王胜南.天然虾青素的研究进展[J].中国食品添加剂,2017(4):193-197.
[8]孙刘娟,吴李芸,白东清,等.虾青素对血鹦鹉体色、生长和非特异性免疫指标的影响[J].北方农业学报,2016,44(1):91-95.
[9]王鲁波,薛敏,王嘉,等.天然叶黄素对黄颡鱼生长性能和皮肤着色的影响[J].水产学报,2012,36(7):1102-1110.
[10]谢家俊.虾青素对卵形昌鯵幼鱼生长、体色、抗氧化、抗炎能力及肠道菌群的影响[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2017.
[11]王述浩,张林,李蛟龙,等.饲粮添加万寿菊提取物对肉鸡生化指标、看后感氧化能力和免疫性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(8):2476-2484.
[12]付媛媛.黄岑苷和虾青素对中国对虾非特异性免疫特性影响的研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2010.
[13]海璇隽,凌雪萍,卢英华.虾青素对正常小鼠与衰老模型大鼠免疫指标的影响[J].厦门大学学报,2013,52(5):703-709.