高寒草甸暖季牧场泌乳期牦牛氨基酸营养初探
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摘要
本研究通过分析高寒草甸牧草和泌乳期放牧牦牛的血液、被毛、乳、粪的氨基酸(amino acid, AA)含量以及之间的相关性,旨在探索放牧条件下泌乳期牦牛AA营养需求规律。于暖季牧场随机选择3头泌乳牦牛作为供试动物,采集血液、被毛、乳及粪样,同时随群模拟动物采食采集可食性牧草,以测定AA含量。结果表明:1)牧草、血液、被毛、乳及粪中总氨基酸(total amino acid, TAA)含量分别为1 257.06、9 007.87、8 752.68、499.58和1 318.36 mg·kg~(–1);可食性牧草的必需氨基酸(essential amino acid, EAA)与TAA比(E/T)接近40%、EAA与非必需性氨基酸(non-essential amino aicd, NEAA)比(E/N)大于60%。2)牧草AA与牦牛血液、乳、被毛的AA两两之间显著相关(P <0.05),血液AA与被毛的部分AA显著负相关(P <0.05)。3)以牦牛乳、被毛和血液AA为标准氨基酸模式,对可食性牧草AA进行评分。牦牛乳为标准氨基酸模式时,牧草的赖氨酸(Lys)和组氨酸(His)评分较低,依次为81.96%、84.52%;以牦牛被毛为参照时,牧草中胱氨酸+蛋氨酸(Cys+Met)和精氨酸(Arg)的评分较低,依次为37.83%和46.39%;以牦牛血液为参照时,牧草中His、Arg、亮氨酸(Leu)和Lys评分相对较低,依次为35.69%、73.31%、76.65%和77.25%。综上,高寒草甸暖季牧场牧草可为泌乳期牦牛提供优质氮源,且牧草中Lys、His、Arg、Cys、Met、Leu含量对泌乳期放牧牦牛乳、被毛、血液AA的平衡影响较大,在泌乳期牦牛营养管理中应额外关注这几种氨基酸的平衡,以利于牦牛高效的养分利用及健康生产。
In order to investigate the amino acid(AA) nutrition requirements of lactating yak during grazing, it was determined that the AA content in edible forage and yak blood, hair coat, milk, and feces, and the correlation between them.Three lactating Tianzhu white yaks were selected from a warm season pasture(August) and blood, hair coat, milk, and fecal samples were collected. In addition, the edible forage samples were also collected from the grazing pasture. Three major results were observed. 1) The concentration of total AA(TAA) was 1 257.06, 9 007.87, 8 752.68, 1 318.36 mg·kg~(–1), and499.58 mg·L~(–1) in forage, blood, hair coat, feces, and milk, respectively. The ratios of essential AA(EAA) to TAA were close to 40% and EAA/non-essential AA(NEAA)(E/N) was more than 60% in edible forage. 2) The correlation was significant between AA in forage and AA in blood, milk, hair coat, and feces(P < 0.05); it was significantly correlated with the AA content in the forage and in blood, yak milk, and hair coat(P < 0.05); Further, there were negative correlations between some the content of AA in blood and in hair coat(P < 0.05). 3) The yak milk AA, had a relatively lower score of Lys and His(81.96% and 84.52%) in the edible forage; the yak hair coat AA had a lower score of Cys + Met and Arg(37.83% and46.39%); and the yak blood AA, had a lower score of His, Arg, Leu, and Lys(35.69%, 73.31%, 76.65%, and 77.25%). In summary, the warm season pasture of alpine meadows could provide high-quality forage for lactating yak. Meanwhile, the nutrition management in the area of lactating yak, should be paid more attention to Lys, His, Arg, Cys, and Met deficiencies.If not, it may lead to poor health and inefficient production in yaks.
In order to investigate the amino acid(AA) nutrition requirements of lactating yak during grazing, it was determined that the AA content in edible forage and yak blood, hair coat, milk, and feces, and the correlation between them.Three lactating Tianzhu white yaks were selected from a warm season pasture(August) and blood, hair coat, milk, and fecal samples were collected. In addition, the edible forage samples were also collected from the grazing pasture. Three major results were observed. 1) The concentration of total AA(TAA) was 1 257.06, 9 007.87, 8 752.68, 1 318.36 mg·kg~(–1), and499.58 mg·L~(–1) in forage, blood, hair coat, feces, and milk, respectively. The ratios of essential AA(EAA) to TAA were close to 40% and EAA/non-essential AA(NEAA)(E/N) was more than 60% in edible forage. 2) The correlation was significant between AA in forage and AA in blood, milk, hair coat, and feces(P < 0.05); it was significantly correlated with the AA content in the forage and in blood, yak milk, and hair coat(P < 0.05); Further, there were negative correlations between some the content of AA in blood and in hair coat(P < 0.05). 3) The yak milk AA, had a relatively lower score of Lys and His(81.96% and 84.52%) in the edible forage; the yak hair coat AA had a lower score of Cys + Met and Arg(37.83% and46.39%); and the yak blood AA, had a lower score of His, Arg, Leu, and Lys(35.69%, 73.31%, 76.65%, and 77.25%). In summary, the warm season pasture of alpine meadows could provide high-quality forage for lactating yak. Meanwhile, the nutrition management in the area of lactating yak, should be paid more attention to Lys, His, Arg, Cys, and Met deficiencies.If not, it may lead to poor health and inefficient production in yaks.
引文
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