基于复杂网络多尺度的科研合作模式研究方法
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摘要
运用网络科学理论解析科研合作网络的结构特征,借以阐明科研主体的合作模式和行为机制,是当前科研合作关系研究的重要方向。基于复杂网络多尺度理论,研究构建了科研合作模式自宏观、中观到微观的多尺度分析方法,包括全局、模块和模体基本概念、一般方法及科研涵义;进而运用于实际复杂网络领域科学家合作网络中,有效揭示了不同尺度的合作模式和行为机制。研究提供了科研合作模式系统监测、分析和管理的层次化思路和方法。
By applying the network theory,the identification of scientific collaboration network structures can help to understand the collaboration patterns and behavior mechanisms among scientific individuals. Based on the complex network multi-scale paradigm,the multi-scale network methods,i. e.,marco-,meso-,and micro-scale concepts,algorithms and applications were explored for analyzing the global,module,and motif structure of the scientific collaboration networks,respectively. Then,the multi-scale network methods were applied to investigate the multi-scale network collaboration patterns and behavior mechanisms of the scientist'collaboration network in the field of complex network research. It was revealed that: 1) at the marco-scale,the scientists' collaboration network exhibits small-world and scale-free characteristics; 2) at the meso-scale,the network has a significant modular structure in which scientists' collaboration relationships are more intimate and frequent,and 3)at the micro-scale,the network contains several specific motif collaboration patterns. Furthermore,the implications for the multi-scale governance and control strategy were discussed based on the multi-scale network structures and behavioral mechanisms.The research can provide hierarchical ideas and methods for detecting,analyzing and managing the collaboration patterns in complex scientific collaboration systems.
By applying the network theory,the identification of scientific collaboration network structures can help to understand the collaboration patterns and behavior mechanisms among scientific individuals. Based on the complex network multi-scale paradigm,the multi-scale network methods,i. e.,marco-,meso-,and micro-scale concepts,algorithms and applications were explored for analyzing the global,module,and motif structure of the scientific collaboration networks,respectively. Then,the multi-scale network methods were applied to investigate the multi-scale network collaboration patterns and behavior mechanisms of the scientist'collaboration network in the field of complex network research. It was revealed that: 1) at the marco-scale,the scientists' collaboration network exhibits small-world and scale-free characteristics; 2) at the meso-scale,the network has a significant modular structure in which scientists' collaboration relationships are more intimate and frequent,and 3)at the micro-scale,the network contains several specific motif collaboration patterns. Furthermore,the implications for the multi-scale governance and control strategy were discussed based on the multi-scale network structures and behavioral mechanisms.The research can provide hierarchical ideas and methods for detecting,analyzing and managing the collaboration patterns in complex scientific collaboration systems.
引文
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[29]缪莉莉,韩传峰,刘亮,曹吉鸣.基于模体的科学家合作网络基元特征分析[J].科学学研究,2012,30(10):1468-1475.Miao Lili,Han Chuanfeng,Liu Liang,Cao Jiming.Using motif to characterize building block of scientific collaboration networks[J].Studies in Science of Science,2012,30(10):1468-1475.
[30]王崇愚.多尺度模型及相关分析方法[J].复杂系统与复杂性科学,2004,1(1):09-19.Wang Chongyu.Multi-scale modeling and related resolution approach[J].Complex Systems and Complexity Science,2004,1(1):09-19.
[31]Tomassini M,Luthi L.Empirical analysis of the evolution of a scientific collaboration network[J].Physica A,2007,385(2):750-764.
[32]Palla G,Derenyi I,Farkas I,et al.Uncovering the overlapping community structure of complex networks in nature and society[J].Nature,2005,435(7043):814-818.
[33]Ahn Y Y,Bagrow J P,Lehmann S.Link communities reveal multiscale complexity in networks[J].Nature,2010,466(7307):761-764.
(1)http://www. cytoscape. org/.
[2]Jones B F,Wuchty S,Uzzi B.Multi-university research teams:Shifting impact,geography,and stratification in science[J].Science,2008,322(5905):1259-1262.
[3]Sylvan J K,Ben R M.What is research collaboration?[J].Research Policy,1997,(26):43.
[4]Noriko H,Paul S,Seung K,et al.An emerging view of scientific collaboration:Scientists’perspectives on collaboration and factors that impact collaboration[J].Journal of the A-merican Society for Information Science and Technology,2003,54(10):952-965.
[5]Newman M E J.The structure of scientific collaboration networks[J].PNAS,2001,98(2):404-409.
[6]Newman M E J.Scientific collaboration networks I[J].Physics Review E,2001,64(016131).
[7]Newman M E J.Scientific collaboration networks II[J].Physics Review E,2001,64(016132).
[8]谢彩霞.国际科学合作研究状况综述[J].科研管理,2008,29(3):179-186.Xie Caixia.A review on the status quo study of international scientific collaboration[J].Science Research Management,2008,29(3):179-186.
[9]朱庆华,李亮.社会网络分析法及其在情报学中的应用[J].情报理论与实践,2008(2):179-183.Zhu Qinghua,Li Liang.Social network analysis and its application in information science[J].Information studies:Theory&Application,2008(2):179-183.
[10]赵延东,周婵.我国科研人员的科研合作网络分析---基于个体中心网视角的研究[J].科学学研究,2011,29(7):999-1006.Zhao Yandong,Zhou Chan.The cooperation network of Chinese researchers:A perspective of ego-centered social network analysis[J].Studies in Science of Science,2011,29(7):999-1006.
[11]王贤文,丁堃,朱晓宇.中国主要科研机构的科学合作网络分析---基于Web of Science的研究[J].科学学研究,2010,28(12):1806-1812.Wang Xianwen,Ding Kun,Zhu Xiaoyu.Science collaboration network of main research institutes in China-Study on Web of Science[J].Studies in Science of Science,2010,28(12):1806-1812.
[12]付允,牛文元,汪云林,李丁.科学学领域作者合作网络分析---以《科研管理》(2004-2008)为例[J].科研管理,2009,30(3):41-46.Fu Yun,Niu Wenyuan,Wang Yunlin,Li Ding.Analysis on the author cooperation network in the field of science of science:A case of Science Research Management from 2004 to2008[J].Science Research Management,2009,30(3):41-46.
[13]Yasmin H S,Edward J W,Walid K S,et al.Social networks of author-coauthor relationships[J].Computational Statistics&Data Analysis,2008(52):2177-2184.
[14]张利华,闫明.基于SNA的中国管理科学科研合作网络分析---以《管理评论》(2004-2008)为样本[J].管理评论,2010,22(4):39-46.Zhang Lihua,Yan Ming.Analysis of scientific collaboration network of China’s management sciences based on SNA---For the sample of“management review”(2004-2008)[J].Management Review,2010,22(4):39-46.
[15]许国志等.系统科学[M].上海:上海科技教育出版社,2000.Xu Guozhi.System science[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Education Press,2000.
[16]Watts D J,Strogatz S H.Collective dynamics of small-world networks[J].Nature,1998,393:440-442.
[17]Barabási A L,Albert R.Emergence of scaling in random networks[J].Science,1999,286:509-512.
[18]Girvan M,Newman M E J.Community structure in social and biological networks[J].PNAS,2002,99:7821-7826.
[19]Milo R,Shen-Orr S,Itzkovitz N,et al.Network motifs:Simple building blocks of complex networks[J].Science,2002,298(5594):824-827.
[20]Oltvai Z N,Barabás A L.Life’s complexity pyramid[J].Science,2002,298:763-764.
[21]Newman M.E.J.Fast algorithm for detecting community structure in networks[J].Physical Review E,2004,69(066133).
[22]Jeong S,Choi J Y,Kim J.The determinants of research collaboration modes:Exploring the effects of research and researcher characteristics on co-authorship[J].Scientometrics,2011,89(3):967-983.
[23]闫相斌,宋晓龙,宋晓红.我国管理科学领域机构学术合作网络分析[J].科研管理,2011,32(12):104-111.Yan Xiangbin,Song Xiaolong,Song Xiaohong.The institutional collaboration network of management science discipline in China[J].Science Research Management,2011,32(12):104-111.
[24]Lee T I,et al.Transcriptional regulatory networks in saccharomyces cerevisiae[J].Science,2002,298,799-804.
[25]Newman,M.E.J.Finding community structure in networks using the eigenvectors of matrices[J].Physical Review E,2006,74(036104).
[26]Kerr W R.Ethnic scientific communities and international technology diffusion[J].The Review of Economics and Statistics,2008,90(3):518-537.
[27]陈伟,周文,郎益夫,杨早立.基于合著网络和被引网络的科研合作网络分析[J].情报理论与实践,2014,37(10):54-59.Chen Wei,Zhou Wen,Lang Yifu,Yang Zaoli.Analysis of scientific research cooperation network based on cooperative networks and cited networks[J].Information studies:Theory&Application,2014,37(10):54-59.
[28]孟微,庞景安.我国情报学科研合著网络特性与集团结构分析[J].情报理论与实践,2009,32(9):14-18.Meng Wei,Pang Jingan.Analysis on the characteristics of scientific research collaboration network and group structure in China[J].Information Studies:Theory&Application,2009,32(9):14-18.
[29]缪莉莉,韩传峰,刘亮,曹吉鸣.基于模体的科学家合作网络基元特征分析[J].科学学研究,2012,30(10):1468-1475.Miao Lili,Han Chuanfeng,Liu Liang,Cao Jiming.Using motif to characterize building block of scientific collaboration networks[J].Studies in Science of Science,2012,30(10):1468-1475.
[30]王崇愚.多尺度模型及相关分析方法[J].复杂系统与复杂性科学,2004,1(1):09-19.Wang Chongyu.Multi-scale modeling and related resolution approach[J].Complex Systems and Complexity Science,2004,1(1):09-19.
[31]Tomassini M,Luthi L.Empirical analysis of the evolution of a scientific collaboration network[J].Physica A,2007,385(2):750-764.
[32]Palla G,Derenyi I,Farkas I,et al.Uncovering the overlapping community structure of complex networks in nature and society[J].Nature,2005,435(7043):814-818.
[33]Ahn Y Y,Bagrow J P,Lehmann S.Link communities reveal multiscale complexity in networks[J].Nature,2010,466(7307):761-764.
(1)http://www. cytoscape. org/.