叶轮式井底盘阀脉冲射流钻井工具性能分析与优化
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摘要
为进一步提高钻井效率,基于井底不对称流场在清岩与辅助破岩等方面所具有的良好效果,设计了一种以小型水动力叶轮为驱动力来源的叶轮式井底盘阀脉冲射流钻井工具,并通过数值模拟及试验对水动力叶轮与该射流工具进行了优化设计。利用计算流体力学软件Pumplinx对叶轮区域进行了全工况数值模拟,通过分析内部流场的压力、速度以及湍动能的分布特性,总结了叶轮转速与阻力扭矩及轴向力之间的响应关系;通过在该射流工具进口段布置导流块、对叶片轮毂端进行光顺处理以及选取合适的叶片包角等优化措施,让叶轮进口流场得到改善的同时,提高了叶轮的水动力特性并消除了部分轴向力。模拟结果显示,初始叶轮在75r/min转速下可克服的自然负载阻力扭矩从1.07N·m提高到3.93N·m。研究结果表明,所述优化方案能大幅提高叶轮式井底盘阀脉冲射流工具的脉冲性能,优化效果十分显著。
To further improve drilling efficiency,a bottom-hole pulse jet drilling tool with a disc valve driven by a small hydrodynamic impeller was designed based on the good performance of a bottom-hole asymmetric flow field for cuttings cleaning and auxiliary rock breaking.Performance was optimized in the hydrodynamic impeller and jetting tool through numerical simulation and experiments.The numerical simulation for fluid around impeller was carried out by using the computational fluid dynamics software,Pumplinx,in full operational conditions.The response relationships among impeller rotary speed,resistance torque and axial force were summarized by analyzing the pressure,velocity and turbulent kinetic energy distribution of internal flow fields.The inlet flow field and hydrodynamic performance of impellers were improved while the axial force was partially eliminated by setting aguide block at the inlet of jet tools,performing smoothing treatment on blade hubs and selecting appropriate blade angle.Simulation results showed that the resistance torque of natural load on impeller can be increased from 1.07N·m to 3.93N·m initially at the rotary speed of 75r/min.Research results indicated that the optimal measures could improve the pulse performance of impeller-type bottom hole disc valve in pulse jet tools,with significant optimization results.
To further improve drilling efficiency,a bottom-hole pulse jet drilling tool with a disc valve driven by a small hydrodynamic impeller was designed based on the good performance of a bottom-hole asymmetric flow field for cuttings cleaning and auxiliary rock breaking.Performance was optimized in the hydrodynamic impeller and jetting tool through numerical simulation and experiments.The numerical simulation for fluid around impeller was carried out by using the computational fluid dynamics software,Pumplinx,in full operational conditions.The response relationships among impeller rotary speed,resistance torque and axial force were summarized by analyzing the pressure,velocity and turbulent kinetic energy distribution of internal flow fields.The inlet flow field and hydrodynamic performance of impellers were improved while the axial force was partially eliminated by setting aguide block at the inlet of jet tools,performing smoothing treatment on blade hubs and selecting appropriate blade angle.Simulation results showed that the resistance torque of natural load on impeller can be increased from 1.07N·m to 3.93N·m initially at the rotary speed of 75r/min.Research results indicated that the optimal measures could improve the pulse performance of impeller-type bottom hole disc valve in pulse jet tools,with significant optimization results.
引文
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[2]秦春,陈小元,李禹,等.水力脉冲射流钻井提速技术在江苏油田的应用[J].石油机械,2015,43(5):17-21.QIN Chun,CHEN Xiaoyuan,LI Yu,et al.Applications of hydraulic pulse jet technology in Jiangsu Oilfield[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2015,43(5):17-21.
[3]王太平,程广存,李卫刚,等.国内外超高压喷射钻井技术研究探讨[J].石油钻探技术,2003,31(2):6-8.WANG Taiping,CHENG Guangcun,LI Weigang,et al.Study on domestic&foreign ultra-high pressure jet drilling technique[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2003,31(2):6-8.
[4]耿亚楠,李根生,史怀忠,等.小井眼水力脉冲射流提速研究及应用[J].石油机械,2015,43(6):1-5.GENG Yanan,LI Gensheng,SHI Huaizhong,et al.Hydraulic pulsed jet technology for improving ROP in slimhole[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2015,43(6):1-5.
[5]倪红坚,马琳,艾尼瓦尔,等.自吸环空流体式自激振荡脉冲射流性能分析与优化[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(6):76-80,94.NI Hongjian,MA Lin,ANWAR,et al.Performance analysis and optimization of self-excited pulsed jet suck-in annulus fluids[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2011,35(6):76-80,94.
[6]付加胜,李根生,牛继磊,等.脉冲式井下增压钻井装置关键参数设计与分析[J].石油机械,2013,41(3):1-6.FU Jiasheng,LI Gensheng,NIU Jilei,et al.Design and analysis of the key parameters of downhole pulsed boosting drilling device[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2013,41(3):1-6.
[7]成海,王甲昌,杨本灵.国内外井底增压喷射钻井技术研究现状[J].石油矿场机械,2008,37(6):34-38.CHENG Hai,WANG Jiachang,YANG Benling.Present situation research on pressurization at bottom hole technology about jet drilling home and abroad[J].Oil Field Equipment,2008,37(6):34-38.
[8]王甲昌,张金成,赵国顺,等.35 MPa高压喷射钻井技术实践[J].石油钻探技术,2012,40(6):22-26.WANG Jiachang,ZHANG Jincheng,ZHAO Guoshun,et al.Practice of 35 MPa high pressure jet drilling[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2012,40(6):22-26.
[9]徐开林.关于旋转喷射钻井技术的改进意见[J].石油钻探技术,2004,32(2):24.XU Kailin.Improvement opinions on rotary jet drilling technology[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2004,32(2):24.
[10]王步娥,舒晓晖,尚绪兰,等.水力喷射射孔技术研究与应用[J].石油钻探技术,2005,33(3):51-54.WANG Bu’e,SHU Xiaohui,SHANG Xulan,et al.The study and application of the water-jet perforation technique[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2005,33(3):51-54.
[11]牛继磊,李根生,宋剑,等.水力喷砂射孔参数实验研究[J].石油钻探技术,2003,31(2):14-16.NIU Jilei,LI Gensheng,SONG Jian,et al.An experimental study on abrasive water jet perforation parameters[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2003,31(2):14-16.
[12]李根生,牛继磊,刘泽凯,等.水力喷砂射孔机理实验研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(2):31-34.LI Gensheng,NIU Jilei,LIU Zekai,et al.Experimental study on mechanisms of hydraulic sand blasting perforation for improvement of oil production[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),2002,26(2):31-34.
[13]张文华,李玲.浅析井下增压超高压喷射钻井的影响因素[J].钻采工艺,2003,26(4):13-14,22.ZHANG Wenhua,LI Ling.The influence factors of down-hole boost overpressure jet drilling[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2003,26(4):13-14,22.
[14]周长虹,张晓慧.超高压喷射钻井技术应用探讨[J].职业技术,2011(11):93.ZHOU Changhong,ZHANG Xiaohui.Discussion on the application of ultra high pressure jet drilling technology[J].Vocational Technology,2011(11):93.
[15]赵国政.关于喷射钻井水力设计的一些问题[J].石油钻采工艺,1979,1(1):22-33,10.ZHAO Guozheng.Some problems about the hydraulic design of jet drilling[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,1979,1(1):22-33,10.
[16]唐川林,胡东,杨林,等.高效脉冲喷嘴在喷射钻井中的实验研究[J].天然气工业,2007,27(11):55-57.TANG Chuanlin,HU Dong,YANG Lin,et al.Experimental study on high-efficiency pulsed jet nozzle used in jet drilling[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(11):55-57.
[17]刘爽,李根生,史怀忠,等.水力脉冲射流流场数值模拟[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(5):17-21.LIU Shuang,LI Gensheng,SHI Huaizhong,et al.Numerical simulation researcl on hydro-pulsed jet swirl fluid flow field[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2015,37(5):17-21.
[18]张绍槐,廖荣庆,袁克勇,等.喷射钻井井底流场的研究[J].西南石油学院学报,1981,3(2):1-11.ZHANG Shaohuai,LIAO Rongqing,YUAN Keyong,et al.Research on the bottom hole flow field of jet drilling[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,1981,3(2):1-11.
[19]谢翠丽,杨爱玲,陈康民.非对称多喷嘴平底钻头井底三维流场数值模拟[J].石油学报,2002,23(6):77-80.XIE Cuili,YANG Ailing,CHEN Kangmin.Numerical simulation for downhole flow field of jet on PDC bits with asymmetric multi-nozzle distribution[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2002,23(6):77-80.
[20]李根生,史怀忠,沈忠厚,等.水力脉冲空化射流钻井机理与试验[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(2):239-243.LI Gensheng,SHI Huaizhong,SHEN Zhonghou,et al.Mechanisms and tests for hydraulic pulsed cavitating jet assisted drilling[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(2):239-243.
[21]史怀忠,李根生,张浩,等.塔河油田深井脉冲空化射流钻井试验研究[J].石油钻探技术,2013,41(3):85-88.SHI Huaizhong,LI Gensheng,ZHANG Hao,et al.Experimental study on hydraulic pulsed and cavitating jet drilling technique in deep wells of Tahe Oilfield[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2013,41(3):85-88.
[22]张志云,李根生,史怀忠,等.超深井水力脉冲空化射流钻井试验研究[J].石油钻探技术,2009,37(4):11-14.ZHANG Zhiyun,LI Gensheng,SHI Huaizhong,et al.Experiment study on ultra-deep well hydraulic pulsating-cavitating water jet drilling[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2009,37(4):11-14.
[23]柴胜凯.轴流泵叶轮设计与性能预估[D].西安:西安理工大学水利水电学院,2004.CHAI Shengkai.Design and performance prediction of axial flow pump impeller[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Technology,Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering,2004.
[24]谢德正.轴流泵叶轮的自动优化设计研究[D].扬州:扬州大学水利与能源动力工程学院,2010.XIE Dezheng.Automatic optimization design of axial flow pump impeller[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,School of Hydraulic and Power Engineerin,2010.
[25]杨敬江.轴流泵水力模型设计方法与数值模拟研究[D].镇江:江苏大学能源与动力工程学院,2008.YANG Jingjiang.Design method and numerical simulation of axial flow pump hydraulic model[D].Zhenjiang:Jiangsu University,School of Energy and Power Engineering,2008.
[26]关醒凡.现代泵理论与设计[M].北京:中国宇航出版社,2011:7-16.GUAN Xingfan.Modern pumps theory and design[M].Beijing:China Astronautic Publishing House,2011:7-16.
[27]杨国颖,冯琛然.基于逆向设计理论的水泵水轮机设计与数值模拟[J].排灌机械工程学报,2013,31(11):964-968.YANG Guoying,FENG Chenran.Pump-turbine runner design and flow simulation based on inverse design method[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2013,31(11):964-968.
[28]王旭鹤,祝宝山,曹树良,等.可逆式水泵水轮机转轮的三维反问题优化设计[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(13):78-85.WANG Xuhe,ZHU Baoshan,CAO Shuliang,et al.Optimal design of reversible pump-turbine runner[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(13):78-85.
[29]LI Guojun,FENG Zhenping,LI Liang.Numerical simulation of three-dimensional viscous flows in a transonic turbine cascade using compressibleκ-ωturbulence model:proceedings of the Fourth Asian Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference,September 18-22,2000[C].