高原鼠兔繁殖季节血液指标、血气及性激素变化
|
摘要
2014年5月至2014年10月间,在青海省海北自治州祁连县野牛沟乡达玉村附近,从动态的角度研究高原鼠兔在其生境地繁殖季节前后血常规、血气和性激素的变化,并与繁殖期间的各种环境因子相关联,探讨鼠兔繁殖策略对环境及行为的响应。结果表明,可将该地区高原鼠兔的繁殖期分为过渡恢复阶段(5月以前);繁殖旺盛阶段(5月下旬~7月中旬);繁殖抑制阶段(7月下旬~9月下旬);繁殖静止阶段(10月及10月以后)4个阶段,不同的繁殖阶段高原鼠兔在体重、繁殖指数、血常规指标、血气指标、睾丸相对重量、甲状腺素及性激素水平上都表现出明显的季节性变化。说明高原鼠兔在行为和繁殖力变化上表现出明显的季节性变化,食物、光周期、温度等环境限制因子能够明显影响高原鼠兔的繁殖动态,雌雄鼠兔的繁殖投入不同最终导致生理指标的不同。
Plateau pika( Ochotona curzoniae,also called black-lipped pika) is a small non-hibernating diurnal lagomorph which inhabits alpine meadows on the Tibetan plateau,China. During May to October 2014,we studied pika blood indices,blood gas and sex hormones from a dynamic perspective during the breeding season in the village of Dayu, Yeniugou, Haibei prefecture,Qinghai province( E99°16',N38°42',3 900 masl). Various environmental factors were associated with reproductive behavior. Our results indicated that the breeding season of pika in this area can be divide into 4 stages:( i) The restoration phase, before May;( ii) The sexually active phase,in late-May to mid-July;( iii) The inhibition phase,in late-July to late-Septemberand( iv) the sexually quiescent phase during and after October. Body weight,reproductive index,blood indices,blood gas analysis,the relative weight of testis,thyroid and sex hormone levels of plateau pika showed significant change by reproductive stage. The behavior and fecundity of plateau pika showed significant seasonal variation. Seasonality of vegetation cover, photoperiod,temperature and other environmental factors significantly affected the reproductive index. Differential reproductive investment lead to differences in physiological indicators between male and female plateau pikas.
Plateau pika( Ochotona curzoniae,also called black-lipped pika) is a small non-hibernating diurnal lagomorph which inhabits alpine meadows on the Tibetan plateau,China. During May to October 2014,we studied pika blood indices,blood gas and sex hormones from a dynamic perspective during the breeding season in the village of Dayu, Yeniugou, Haibei prefecture,Qinghai province( E99°16',N38°42',3 900 masl). Various environmental factors were associated with reproductive behavior. Our results indicated that the breeding season of pika in this area can be divide into 4 stages:( i) The restoration phase, before May;( ii) The sexually active phase,in late-May to mid-July;( iii) The inhibition phase,in late-July to late-Septemberand( iv) the sexually quiescent phase during and after October. Body weight,reproductive index,blood indices,blood gas analysis,the relative weight of testis,thyroid and sex hormone levels of plateau pika showed significant change by reproductive stage. The behavior and fecundity of plateau pika showed significant seasonal variation. Seasonality of vegetation cover, photoperiod,temperature and other environmental factors significantly affected the reproductive index. Differential reproductive investment lead to differences in physiological indicators between male and female plateau pikas.
引文
[1]Semenza G L.Life with oxygen[J].Science,2007,318(5847):62-64.
[2]刘翠霞,苏建平,张同作,等.青藏高原的地理屏障在高原鼠兔种群分化中的作用[J].四川动物,2013,32(5):651-657.
[3]Heath D,Williams D R.Man at high altitude[M].2nd ed.New York:Churchill Livingstone,1981.
[4]Smith A T,Foggin J M.The plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)is a keystone species for biodiversity on the Tibetan plateau[J].Animal Conservation,1999,2(4):235-240.
[5]李倩倩,赵旭,郭正刚.高原鼠兔有效洞穴密度对高寒草甸优势植物叶片和土壤氮磷化学计量特征的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(5):1212-1223.
[6]杜寅,曹伊凡,景增春,等.艾美尔球虫防治高原鼠兔实验及对其胚胎发育的影响[J].兽类学报,2012,32(3):221-227.
[7]杜继曾,李庆芬,陈晓光.模拟高原对高原鼠兔和大鼠肝脏的影响[J].动物学报,1984,171:201-203.
[8]王晓君,魏登邦,魏莲,等.高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔红细胞低氧适应特征[J].四川动物,2008,27(6):1100-1103.
[9]Xie H C,He J P,Zhu J F,et al.Expression of HIF-1[Alpha]and VEGF in skeletal muscle of plateau animals in response to hypoxic stress[J].Physiological Research,2014,63(6):801-805.
[10]殷宝法,魏万红,张堰铭,等.繁殖期高原鼠兔的行为时间分配与后代存活率的关系[J].动物学报,2006,52(3):444-453.
[11]时盛博,王连东,雷有宏.祁连县农牧业气候水分资源分析[J].青海气象,2002(2):19-24.
[12]关一兵.野牛沟的大风和地形的关系[J].气象,1981(3):34.
[13]张时民,李丽娜.调整RBC、HGB、HCT校正系数与MCV、MCH、MCHC变化的关系[J].上海医学检验杂志,2002,17(1):48-50.
[14]刘天霞,王青娥.高血糖症对红细胞参数的干扰及纠正方法[J].检验医学与临床,2010,7(11):1121.
[15]王金龙,魏万红,张堰铭,等.不同种群密度下高原鼠兔的行为模式[J].动物学报,2005,51(4):598-607.
[16]Jaksic F M,Lima M.Myths and facts on ratadas bamboo blooms,rainfall peaks and rodent outbreaks in South America[J].Austral Ecology,2003,28(3):237-251.
[17]Letnic M,Dickman C R.The responses of small mammals to patches regenerating after fire and rainfall in the Simpson Desert,Central Australia[J].Austral Ecology,2005,30(1):24-39.
[18]Lederman S A,Rosso P.Effects of fasting during pregnancy on maternal and fetal weight and body composition in well-nourished and undernourished rats[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1981,111(10):1823-1832.
[19]Smith A T.Patterns of pika(Genus ochotona)life history variation[M]//Boyce M S.Evolution of life histories:theory and patterns from mammals.New Haven:Yale University Press,1988.
[20]王学高,戴克华.高原鼠兔的繁殖空间及其护域行为的研究[J],兽类学报,1990,10(3):205-209.
[21]陈连根.运动对红细胞功能的影响[J].中国临床康复,2005,9(48):166-167.
[22]宗浩,夏武平.高原鼠兔似昼夜活动节律的研究[J].兽类学报,1987,7(3):211-223.
[23]杨秀平.动物生理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004.
[24]乐杰,谢幸,林仲秋,等.妇产科学[M].7版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2008.
[25]Casey D P,Joyner M J.Local control of skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise:influence of available oxygen[J].Journal of Applied Physiology,2011,111(6):1527-1538.
[26]秦莉.反映血液酸碱状况的指标[J].卫生职业教育,2004,22(24):78-79.
[27]柳劲松,李庆芬.高原鼠兔冷驯化和脱冷驯化中的产热变化[J].动物学报,1996,42(4):377-385.
[28]Hammond K A,Diamond J.Maximal sustained energy budgets in humans and animals[J].Nature,1997,386(6624):457-462.
[29]贺建宁,王金鑫,狄冉,等.常年发情和季节性发情绵羊在不同季节生殖激素变化规律[J].畜牧兽医学报,2013,44(10):1547-1553.
[30]Archawaranon M,Wiley R H.Control of aggression and dominance in white-throated sparrows by testosterone and its metabolites[J].Hormones and Behavior,1988,22(4):497-517.
[2]刘翠霞,苏建平,张同作,等.青藏高原的地理屏障在高原鼠兔种群分化中的作用[J].四川动物,2013,32(5):651-657.
[3]Heath D,Williams D R.Man at high altitude[M].2nd ed.New York:Churchill Livingstone,1981.
[4]Smith A T,Foggin J M.The plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)is a keystone species for biodiversity on the Tibetan plateau[J].Animal Conservation,1999,2(4):235-240.
[5]李倩倩,赵旭,郭正刚.高原鼠兔有效洞穴密度对高寒草甸优势植物叶片和土壤氮磷化学计量特征的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(5):1212-1223.
[6]杜寅,曹伊凡,景增春,等.艾美尔球虫防治高原鼠兔实验及对其胚胎发育的影响[J].兽类学报,2012,32(3):221-227.
[7]杜继曾,李庆芬,陈晓光.模拟高原对高原鼠兔和大鼠肝脏的影响[J].动物学报,1984,171:201-203.
[8]王晓君,魏登邦,魏莲,等.高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔红细胞低氧适应特征[J].四川动物,2008,27(6):1100-1103.
[9]Xie H C,He J P,Zhu J F,et al.Expression of HIF-1[Alpha]and VEGF in skeletal muscle of plateau animals in response to hypoxic stress[J].Physiological Research,2014,63(6):801-805.
[10]殷宝法,魏万红,张堰铭,等.繁殖期高原鼠兔的行为时间分配与后代存活率的关系[J].动物学报,2006,52(3):444-453.
[11]时盛博,王连东,雷有宏.祁连县农牧业气候水分资源分析[J].青海气象,2002(2):19-24.
[12]关一兵.野牛沟的大风和地形的关系[J].气象,1981(3):34.
[13]张时民,李丽娜.调整RBC、HGB、HCT校正系数与MCV、MCH、MCHC变化的关系[J].上海医学检验杂志,2002,17(1):48-50.
[14]刘天霞,王青娥.高血糖症对红细胞参数的干扰及纠正方法[J].检验医学与临床,2010,7(11):1121.
[15]王金龙,魏万红,张堰铭,等.不同种群密度下高原鼠兔的行为模式[J].动物学报,2005,51(4):598-607.
[16]Jaksic F M,Lima M.Myths and facts on ratadas bamboo blooms,rainfall peaks and rodent outbreaks in South America[J].Austral Ecology,2003,28(3):237-251.
[17]Letnic M,Dickman C R.The responses of small mammals to patches regenerating after fire and rainfall in the Simpson Desert,Central Australia[J].Austral Ecology,2005,30(1):24-39.
[18]Lederman S A,Rosso P.Effects of fasting during pregnancy on maternal and fetal weight and body composition in well-nourished and undernourished rats[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1981,111(10):1823-1832.
[19]Smith A T.Patterns of pika(Genus ochotona)life history variation[M]//Boyce M S.Evolution of life histories:theory and patterns from mammals.New Haven:Yale University Press,1988.
[20]王学高,戴克华.高原鼠兔的繁殖空间及其护域行为的研究[J],兽类学报,1990,10(3):205-209.
[21]陈连根.运动对红细胞功能的影响[J].中国临床康复,2005,9(48):166-167.
[22]宗浩,夏武平.高原鼠兔似昼夜活动节律的研究[J].兽类学报,1987,7(3):211-223.
[23]杨秀平.动物生理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004.
[24]乐杰,谢幸,林仲秋,等.妇产科学[M].7版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2008.
[25]Casey D P,Joyner M J.Local control of skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise:influence of available oxygen[J].Journal of Applied Physiology,2011,111(6):1527-1538.
[26]秦莉.反映血液酸碱状况的指标[J].卫生职业教育,2004,22(24):78-79.
[27]柳劲松,李庆芬.高原鼠兔冷驯化和脱冷驯化中的产热变化[J].动物学报,1996,42(4):377-385.
[28]Hammond K A,Diamond J.Maximal sustained energy budgets in humans and animals[J].Nature,1997,386(6624):457-462.
[29]贺建宁,王金鑫,狄冉,等.常年发情和季节性发情绵羊在不同季节生殖激素变化规律[J].畜牧兽医学报,2013,44(10):1547-1553.
[30]Archawaranon M,Wiley R H.Control of aggression and dominance in white-throated sparrows by testosterone and its metabolites[J].Hormones and Behavior,1988,22(4):497-517.