有机覆盖在中药栽培上的应用和研究概况
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摘要
利用各种农业残留物和农作物生产废弃材料覆盖种植中草药的土壤表面,在促进中药种子萌发,提高土壤温度、保持土壤水分、提高土壤养分含量和中药质量、抑制田间杂草、减少目标作物病虫害的发生等方面发挥重要作用。以国内外发表的论文为基础,通过对近几年有机覆盖材料在中药栽培上的应用情况。就研究进展和存在的问题进行综述,以期为有机覆盖在中药栽培技术应用上提供依据。
The various agricultural residues and agricultural production wastes are used to cover the soil surface to promote seed germination of traditional Chinese medicine, to increase soil temperature, humidity and the content of active ingredient and production, to control weeds and to reduce the occurrence of diseases. Based on the works published in China and abroad, to summarizes the application of organic mulching materials, the research progress and existing problems in traditional Chinese medicine cultivation in recent years, in order to provide the basis for the application of organic mulching in traditional Chinese medicine cultivation technology.
The various agricultural residues and agricultural production wastes are used to cover the soil surface to promote seed germination of traditional Chinese medicine, to increase soil temperature, humidity and the content of active ingredient and production, to control weeds and to reduce the occurrence of diseases. Based on the works published in China and abroad, to summarizes the application of organic mulching materials, the research progress and existing problems in traditional Chinese medicine cultivation in recent years, in order to provide the basis for the application of organic mulching in traditional Chinese medicine cultivation technology.
引文
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[35]???,???,???,et al.Effect of Yield and Quality for Cultivation Type and Mulching Materials on Gastrodia Elata Blume[J].Korean Journal of Plant Resources,2017,30(1):78-87.
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[37]???,???.Effects of Mulching Material and Planting Method on Bulb Growth in Microtuber of Zantedeschia Spp[J].園藝科學技術誌,2006,24(3):382-387.
[38]Ahn I,Kim S H,Maeng W Y,et al.Effects of Soil Acidity and Organic Matter By Application of Organic Materials and Soil Mulching with Pine Needles for Soil Surface Management in Blueberry Eco-friendly Farming[J].?????????,2013,46(6):556-562.
[39]崔仁植,趙鎭泰,朴成圭,et al.Effect of Mulching Materials of Growth and Tuber Yield in Fritllariae Bulbus[J].韓國資源植物學會誌,1995,8(1):81-88.
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[42]李仕东,盛德贤,粟廷书.不同覆盖物对魔芋软腐病影响的试验研究[J].湖北植保,2006(3):15-16.
[43]商侃侃.不同覆盖处理对红花槭种植土壤及植株生长的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(3):53-56,70.
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[4]蔡太义,黄会娟,黄耀威,等.不同量秸秆覆盖还田对土壤活性有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(6):964-974.
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[6]Shen Y F,Chen Y Y,Li S Q.Microbial Functional Diversity,Biomass and Activity as Affected By Soil Surface Mulching in a Semiarid Farmland[J].Plos One,2016,11(7):1-17.
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[8]Ozores-Hampton M,A.Obreza T,J.Stoffella P.Mulching with Composted Msw for Biological Control of Weeds in Vegetable Crops[J].Compost Science&Utilization,2001,9(4):352-360.
[9]Li R,Hou X Q,Jia Z K,et al.Effects on Soil Temperature,Moisture,and Maize Yield of Cultivation with Ridge and Furrow Mulching in the Rainfed Area of the Loess Plateau,China[J].Agricultural Water Management,2013,116:101-109.
[10]Qin J T,Hu F,Zhang B,et al.Role of Straw Mulching in Non-continuously Flooded Rice Cultivation[J].Agricultural Water Management,2006,83(3):252-260.
[11]Tian J,Lu S H,Fan M S,et al.Labile Soil Organic Matter Fractions as Influenced By Non-flooded Mulching Cultivation and Cropping Season in Rice-wheat Rotation[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2013,56:19-25.
[12]Ai Y W,Liu X J,Zhang F S,et al.Influence of Unflooded Mulching Cultivation on Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization of Fertilizer Nitrogen By Rice[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2008,39(7):1056-1066.
[13]X H Lu,Wu L H,Pang L J,et al.Effects of Plastic Film Mulching Cultivation Under Non‐flooded Condition on Rice Quality[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2007,87(2):334-339.
[14]黄利斌,李荣锦,王成.国外城市有机地表覆盖物应用研究概况[J].林业科技开发,2008,112(6):1-8.
[15]刘祥臣,李彦婷,丰大清,等.不同覆盖物对水稻钵苗育秧出苗率及秧苗素质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(7):94-97.
[16]蒋小军,周政华.不同覆盖物对种子直播建植草坪的影响[J].草业科学,2003,20(8):60-61.
[17]欧滨,林旭俊,陈良红,等.不同覆盖物对小叶榄仁种子出苗的影响[J].热带林业,2013,41(3):43-45.
[18]尤海涛.桔梗规范化生产的关键栽培技术研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2008.
[19]王艾绒,梁固城,关强.不同覆盖方式对苍术出苗的影响[J].中药材,1993(2):8-9.
[20]王馨,李绍平,杨斌,等.一种提高粗茎秦艽出苗率的育苗方法[P].CN102783350A,2012-11-21.
[21]王俊,杨龙,李丹艳,等.凋落物覆盖及掩埋对不同质量的藜蒴种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].生态环境,2008,17(5):1980-1985.
[22]余虎林,张兴发.当药的生物学特性与栽培技术[J].中国农业信息,2015,(23):41.
[23]刘媛媛.裕丹参质量栽培技术研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2008.
[24]郭乔仪,普怀亭,赵坚能,等.白及四层覆盖栽培技术[J].云南农业科技,2017(1):32-33.
[25]徐庆华,刘勇,马履一,等.不同播种覆盖物对种子出苗率和土壤蒸发量的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(5):149-152.
[26]杨立学.落叶松水浸液对胡桃楸种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(6):1145-1147.
[27]谢文,潘木军,翟均平.不同垄作覆盖栽培对土壤理化性状耗水特性和玉米产量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2007,20(3):365-369.
[28]刘忠民,山仑.宁南半干旱黄土丘陵区春小麦水分生产潜力及开发对策研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,1995(4):45-51.
[29]贺菊美,王一鸣.不同覆盖材料对春玉米土壤环境及产量效应的研究[J].中国农业气象,1996,17(3):33-36.
[30]倪玉琼,张品辉,闵谦萍.马铃薯免耕栽培覆盖物的研究[J].农技服务,2007,24(7):57-58.
[31]吴家新.不同覆盖物对大头典竹笋产量的影响[J].福建林业科技,2016,43(2):134-136.
[32]郭陞垚,陈剑洪,肖宇,等.不同覆盖物对花生生长发育及产量的影响[J].南方农业学报,2014,45(8):1363-1368.
[33]杨迪,朴锦,金花,等.不同覆盖物对茅苍术出苗率及幼苗生长状况的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(17):7475-7476,7530.
[34]Moon K G,Kim S U,Um I S,et al.Influence of Mulching Materials on Growth and Saponin Content in Codonopsis Lanceolate[J].Korean Journal of Horticultural Science&Technology,2018,36(1):1-9.
[35]???,???,???,et al.Effect of Yield and Quality for Cultivation Type and Mulching Materials on Gastrodia Elata Blume[J].Korean Journal of Plant Resources,2017,30(1):78-87.
[36]Fang S Z,Xie B D,Liu D,et al.Effects of Mulching Materials on Nitrogen Mineralization,Nitrogen Availability and Poplar Growth on Degraded Agricultural Soil[J].New Forests,2011,41(2):147-162.
[37]???,???.Effects of Mulching Material and Planting Method on Bulb Growth in Microtuber of Zantedeschia Spp[J].園藝科學技術誌,2006,24(3):382-387.
[38]Ahn I,Kim S H,Maeng W Y,et al.Effects of Soil Acidity and Organic Matter By Application of Organic Materials and Soil Mulching with Pine Needles for Soil Surface Management in Blueberry Eco-friendly Farming[J].?????????,2013,46(6):556-562.
[39]崔仁植,趙鎭泰,朴成圭,et al.Effect of Mulching Materials of Growth and Tuber Yield in Fritllariae Bulbus[J].韓國資源植物學會誌,1995,8(1):81-88.
[40]Fang S Z,Li H Y,Xie B D.Decomposition and Nutrient Release of Four Potential Mulching Materials for Poplar Plantations on Upland Sites[J].Agroforestry Systems,2008,74(1):27-35.
[41]周江鸿.七种园林树木落叶粗提物对黄栌枯萎病菌的抑制作用[J].北京园林,2017,23(121):59-62.
[42]李仕东,盛德贤,粟廷书.不同覆盖物对魔芋软腐病影响的试验研究[J].湖北植保,2006(3):15-16.
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