时效温度对304奥氏体不锈钢超塑性及显微组织的影响
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摘要
对304奥氏体不锈钢进行了室温拉伸和时效处理,完成了一次马氏体相变及逆相变,利用这种马氏体相变循环实现了304不锈钢的超塑性。结果表明:室温拉伸30%后304不锈钢在不同温度时效20 min的两次相变循环处理,其伸长率随时效温度增加先增加后略有下降。时效温度低于800℃时,钢未能实现超塑性;当时效温度为800～1000℃时钢均实现了超塑性。采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜对实现超塑性后时效处理的奥氏体态的显微组织进行了分析,发现随时效温度的升高,奥氏体晶粒尺寸增加,850℃后晶粒急剧长大。
The tensile at room temperature and aging treatment of 304 austenitic stainless steel were carried out. Primary martensitic transformation and inverse transformation were completed. The superplasticity of 304 stainless steel was achieved by using the martensitic transformation cycle. The results show that: the twice phase change cycles treatment of 304 stainless steel after room temperature tensile 30% and then aging at different temperatures for 20 min, the elongation increases firstly and then slightly decreases with the aging temperature increasing. When the aging temperature is less than 800 ℃, the superplasticity of the steel does not achieve. When the aging temperature is 800-1000 ℃, the superplasticity of the steel is achieved. The microstructure of austenite after superplasticity and then aging treatment was analyzed by metallographic examination and canning electron microscopy. It is found that the austenite grain size increases with the increase of aging temperature, and the grain grows rapidly after 850 ℃.
The tensile at room temperature and aging treatment of 304 austenitic stainless steel were carried out. Primary martensitic transformation and inverse transformation were completed. The superplasticity of 304 stainless steel was achieved by using the martensitic transformation cycle. The results show that: the twice phase change cycles treatment of 304 stainless steel after room temperature tensile 30% and then aging at different temperatures for 20 min, the elongation increases firstly and then slightly decreases with the aging temperature increasing. When the aging temperature is less than 800 ℃, the superplasticity of the steel does not achieve. When the aging temperature is 800-1000 ℃, the superplasticity of the steel is achieved. The microstructure of austenite after superplasticity and then aging treatment was analyzed by metallographic examination and canning electron microscopy. It is found that the austenite grain size increases with the increase of aging temperature, and the grain grows rapidly after 850 ℃.
引文
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[11]谢文玲,周顺勇,郭翠霞,等.金属相变超塑性的研究进展[J].四川理工学院学报:自然科学版, 2014, 27(1):1-4.
[12]谢文玲,周顺勇,李秀兰,等.利用马氏体相变循环实现304不锈钢超塑性的方法:中国,201510042246. X[P]. 2015-01-28.
[13]杨钒,黄建龙.304奥氏体不锈钢应变诱发马氏体的研究[J].材料热处理学报,2012,33(3):104-109.
[14]董红亮.变形量对304奥氏体不锈钢组织和性能的影响[D].南京:南京理工大学,2011.
[15]徐杨,宋仁伯,刘政东.304奥氏体不锈钢冷拔过程中局部磁性形成机理[J].金属热处理,2015,40(9):92-97.
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[17] H覿nninen H E.Influence of metallurgical variables on environment-sensitive cracking of austenitic alloys[J]. International Metals Reviews,2013,24(1):85-136.
[18]卢沛,卢志明,杜斌康,等.拉伸塑性变形对304不锈钢马氏体相变规律的影响[J].轻工机械,2013,31(5):88-91.
[19]薛宗玉,周升,韦习成.SUS304亚稳奥氏体不锈钢力学性能对预应变的响应特性研究[C]//中国机械工程学会.第十六届华东六省一市热处理学术年会论文集.上海:中国机械工程学会,2008.
[2]申丽娟,邢淑清,麻永林.304奥氏体不锈钢亚快速凝固组织演化和形成机理[J].特殊钢,2012,33(4):53-56.
[3]熊建兴.304不锈钢应变诱发相变对化学成分敏感性研究[J].钢管,2013(3):30-34.
[4]王步美,浦江,陈挺,等.预拉伸应变强化对S30403奥氏体不锈钢形变马氏体相转变的影响[J].压力容器,2013(8):1-6.
[5]申勇峰,李晓旭,薛文颖,等.304不锈钢拉伸变形过程中的马氏体相变[J].东北大学学报:自然科学版,2012(8):1125-1128.
[6]刘伟,李志斌,王翔,等.应变速率对奥氏体不锈钢应变诱发α'-马氏体转变和力学行为的影响[J].金属学报,2009(3):285-291.
[7]文九巴,杨蕴林,杨永顺,等.超塑性应用技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[8]赵先存,杨志勇,宋为顺,等.钢铁结构材料的功能化[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2010:667-668.
[9]杨立志.改善304不锈钢超塑性的加工热处理[J].太钢译文,1999(3):39-41.
[10]谢文玲,周顺勇,郭翠霞,等.金属材料超塑性的研究进展[J].热加工工艺,2014,43(20):15-18.
[11]谢文玲,周顺勇,郭翠霞,等.金属相变超塑性的研究进展[J].四川理工学院学报:自然科学版, 2014, 27(1):1-4.
[12]谢文玲,周顺勇,李秀兰,等.利用马氏体相变循环实现304不锈钢超塑性的方法:中国,201510042246. X[P]. 2015-01-28.
[13]杨钒,黄建龙.304奥氏体不锈钢应变诱发马氏体的研究[J].材料热处理学报,2012,33(3):104-109.
[14]董红亮.变形量对304奥氏体不锈钢组织和性能的影响[D].南京:南京理工大学,2011.
[15]徐杨,宋仁伯,刘政东.304奥氏体不锈钢冷拔过程中局部磁性形成机理[J].金属热处理,2015,40(9):92-97.
[16]钟群鹏,赵子华.断口学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:140-160.
[17] H覿nninen H E.Influence of metallurgical variables on environment-sensitive cracking of austenitic alloys[J]. International Metals Reviews,2013,24(1):85-136.
[18]卢沛,卢志明,杜斌康,等.拉伸塑性变形对304不锈钢马氏体相变规律的影响[J].轻工机械,2013,31(5):88-91.
[19]薛宗玉,周升,韦习成.SUS304亚稳奥氏体不锈钢力学性能对预应变的响应特性研究[C]//中国机械工程学会.第十六届华东六省一市热处理学术年会论文集.上海:中国机械工程学会,2008.