1991年以来两岸关系背景下台湾制造业对外直接投资的时空格局演化
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摘要
制造业是台湾对外直接投资的主要产业。基于两岸关系背景,利用1991—2016年台湾制造业对外直接投资数据,将台商制造业细分成劳动密集型产业、资金密集型产业和技术密集型产业,分析台商制造业对外直接投资时空格局演化特征,并采用面板数据模型GLS征:①投资金额呈不断上升趋势,投资行业结构阶段变化明显,1991—1997年以劳动密集型和资金密集型产业并重,1998—2016年以技术密集型产业为主;②投资金额的地域分布呈高度不均衡状态,形成以大陆地区为核心的单集聚中心格局;③不同阶段台湾不同类型制造业对外投资的影响因素有所差异,两岸关系对台湾制造业对外直接投资的影响尤为显著。
Manufacturing industry is a major industry of Taiwan's foreign direct investment. Based on the background of relationship between Mainland China and Taiwan, using the data of TDI manufacturing during 1991-2016, this article divided TDI manufacturing into labor-intensive, capital-intensive and technology-intensive industries, then analyzed the spatial and temporal diffusion characteristics,and finally used GLS method to explore the impact of elements. The amount of TDI in manufacturing showed a rising trend. The structure of investment industry changed significantly,which shows that both labor-intensive and capital-intensive industries were given priority from 1991 to 1997 and technology-intensive industries were the mainstay during 1998-2016. The geographical distribution of investment amounts is highly imbalanced, which formed a monocentric cluster center with the China mainland as the core. The factors influencing the TDI in manufacturing industry at different stages are different, and the impact of cross-Strait relations on the TDI in manufacturing industry is particularly significant.
Manufacturing industry is a major industry of Taiwan's foreign direct investment. Based on the background of relationship between Mainland China and Taiwan, using the data of TDI manufacturing during 1991-2016, this article divided TDI manufacturing into labor-intensive, capital-intensive and technology-intensive industries, then analyzed the spatial and temporal diffusion characteristics,and finally used GLS method to explore the impact of elements. The amount of TDI in manufacturing showed a rising trend. The structure of investment industry changed significantly,which shows that both labor-intensive and capital-intensive industries were given priority from 1991 to 1997 and technology-intensive industries were the mainstay during 1998-2016. The geographical distribution of investment amounts is highly imbalanced, which formed a monocentric cluster center with the China mainland as the core. The factors influencing the TDI in manufacturing industry at different stages are different, and the impact of cross-Strait relations on the TDI in manufacturing industry is particularly significant.
引文
[1]李小建,李国平,曾刚,等.经济地理学(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[2]张娟.国际直接投资区位理论综述[J].经济纵横,2006(8):77-79.
[3]陈博.广东企业对外直接投资区位选择及其影响因素研究[D].广州:暨南大学,2016.
[4]陈放.外商直接投资理论与区位选择实证研究综述[J].宁夏社会科学,2010(3):53-57.
[5]李小建.香港对大陆投资的区位变化与公司空间行为[J].地理学报,1996,51(3):213-223.
[6] Sethi D,Judge W,Sun Qian. FDI distribution within China:An integrative conceptual framework for analyzing intra-country FDI variations[J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Management,2011,28(2):325-352.
[7] Cheng L K,wan Y K. What are the determinants of the location of foreign direct investment? The Chinese experience[J]. Journal of International Economics,2000,1(2):379-400.
[8]朱磊.台商对外直接投资动因实证分析[J].台湾研究,2004(5):46-54.
[9]单玉丽.台湾对外投资的区域选择及行业构成[J].亚太经济,2009(4):42-47.
[10]苏懿,林春财,戴万平.影响台商对东南亚直接投资之因素研究:引力模型之分析[J].正修通识教育学报,2011(8):341-356.
[11]顾莹华,杨书菲,高君逸.台湾1990年对外投资发展趋势及影响[J].社会科学论丛,2015(9):59-94.
[12]胡少东.区域制度环境与台商投资大陆区位选择[J].台湾研究集刊,2010(5):64-72.
[13]王华.台商对大陆投资区位选择的影响因素分析——基于偏最小二乘回归方法的最新考证[J].台湾研究集刊,2009(1):47-55.
[14]陈嘉,韦素琼,陈松林.近20年来台湾对大陆直接直接投资的空间格局演化[J].经济地理,2012,32(11):89-93,137.
[15]衣长军,陈初昇,许小树.台商投资大陆区位选择影响因素的实证研究[J].福建师范大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2014(6):28-38.
[16]柯腾挥.企业赴大陆直接投资对两岸贸易影响之研究——以台湾传统产业为例[J].华人经济研究,2015,13(1):157-171.
[17]张传国.台商大陆投资问题研究[M].北京:商务印书馆,2007.
[18]陈恩,汪书军,罗睿.台商投资大陆的区位选择分析与实证研究[J].世界经济研究,2006(8):84-89.
[19]陈嘉,韦素琼,陈松林. 1991年来台商在大陆直接投资区位选择及驱动机制[J].地理学报,2014,69(6):838-839.
[20]高月华,韦素琼,陈松林. 1991—2012年大陆台资不同类型制造业的时空格局演化[J].地域研究与开发,2015,34(1):8-13.
[21] Hofstede. Culture’s Consequences:International Differences in Work-related Values[M]. Beverly Hills:Sage Publications,1980.
[22] Kogut,singh. The Effect of National Culture on the Choice of Entry Mode[J]. Journal of International Business Studies,1988,9(3):411-432.
[23]张春英,肖冬华.对台经济贸易政策研究[M].北京:九州出版社,2014.
[24]孙根年,王洁洁. 1987年来台海关系变化对台湾入境大陆客流量的影响[J].地理学报,2009,64(12):1 513-1 522.
[25]王列辉,洪彦.直航背景下海峡两岸集装箱港口体系空间结构——基于复杂网络的视角[J].地理学报,2016,71(4):605-620.
[26] To-hai liou. The Locus of Relations across the Taiwan Straits[J]. Taiwanese Journal of WTO Studies,2012(23):83-109.
[27] Douglas Nigh. Political Events and the Foreign Direct Investment Decision:An Empirical Examination[J]. Managerial and Decision Economics,1986,7(2):99-106.
[28]刘晓光,杨连星.双边政治关系、东道国制度环境与对外直接投资[J].金融研究,2016(12):17-31.
[29]贺书锋、郭羽诞.中国对外直接投资区位分析:政治因素重要吗?[J].上海经济研究,2009(3):3-10.
[30]郭平.政治关系、制度环境与中国企业出口行为[J].当代财经,2015(1):98-108.
[31]杨攻研,刘洪钟.政治关系、经济权力与贸易往来:来自东亚的证据[J].世界经济与政治,2015(12):110-130,159-160.
[32]李航飞,韦素琼,陈松林,等.经贸视角下中国台湾“新南向政策”分析——基于SNA和VAR方法[J].地理科学,2018,38(1):67-77.
[33] Kastner S L. When Do Conflicting Political Relations Affect International Trade?[J]. Journal of Conflict Resolution,2007,51(4):664-688.
[34]张建红,姜建刚.双边政治关系对中国对外直接投资的影响研究[J].世界经济与政治,2012(12):133-160.
[35] Neumayer E,Spess L. Do Bilateral Investment Treaties Increase Foreign Direct Investment to DevelopingCountries.[J].World Development,2005,33(10):1 567-1 585.
[36]宗芳宇,路江涌,武常岐.双边投资协定、制度环境和企业对外直接投资区位选择[J].经济研究,2012(5):71-82.
[37]魏后凯,贺灿飞,王新.中国外商投资区位决策与公共政策[M].北京:商务印书馆,2002.
[38]綦建红,杨丽.中国OFDI的区位决定因素——基于地理距离与文化距离的检验[J].经济地理,2012,32(12):40-46.
(1)中国台湾:海峡交流基金会和中国大陆:海峡两岸协会。
[2]张娟.国际直接投资区位理论综述[J].经济纵横,2006(8):77-79.
[3]陈博.广东企业对外直接投资区位选择及其影响因素研究[D].广州:暨南大学,2016.
[4]陈放.外商直接投资理论与区位选择实证研究综述[J].宁夏社会科学,2010(3):53-57.
[5]李小建.香港对大陆投资的区位变化与公司空间行为[J].地理学报,1996,51(3):213-223.
[6] Sethi D,Judge W,Sun Qian. FDI distribution within China:An integrative conceptual framework for analyzing intra-country FDI variations[J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Management,2011,28(2):325-352.
[7] Cheng L K,wan Y K. What are the determinants of the location of foreign direct investment? The Chinese experience[J]. Journal of International Economics,2000,1(2):379-400.
[8]朱磊.台商对外直接投资动因实证分析[J].台湾研究,2004(5):46-54.
[9]单玉丽.台湾对外投资的区域选择及行业构成[J].亚太经济,2009(4):42-47.
[10]苏懿,林春财,戴万平.影响台商对东南亚直接投资之因素研究:引力模型之分析[J].正修通识教育学报,2011(8):341-356.
[11]顾莹华,杨书菲,高君逸.台湾1990年对外投资发展趋势及影响[J].社会科学论丛,2015(9):59-94.
[12]胡少东.区域制度环境与台商投资大陆区位选择[J].台湾研究集刊,2010(5):64-72.
[13]王华.台商对大陆投资区位选择的影响因素分析——基于偏最小二乘回归方法的最新考证[J].台湾研究集刊,2009(1):47-55.
[14]陈嘉,韦素琼,陈松林.近20年来台湾对大陆直接直接投资的空间格局演化[J].经济地理,2012,32(11):89-93,137.
[15]衣长军,陈初昇,许小树.台商投资大陆区位选择影响因素的实证研究[J].福建师范大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2014(6):28-38.
[16]柯腾挥.企业赴大陆直接投资对两岸贸易影响之研究——以台湾传统产业为例[J].华人经济研究,2015,13(1):157-171.
[17]张传国.台商大陆投资问题研究[M].北京:商务印书馆,2007.
[18]陈恩,汪书军,罗睿.台商投资大陆的区位选择分析与实证研究[J].世界经济研究,2006(8):84-89.
[19]陈嘉,韦素琼,陈松林. 1991年来台商在大陆直接投资区位选择及驱动机制[J].地理学报,2014,69(6):838-839.
[20]高月华,韦素琼,陈松林. 1991—2012年大陆台资不同类型制造业的时空格局演化[J].地域研究与开发,2015,34(1):8-13.
[21] Hofstede. Culture’s Consequences:International Differences in Work-related Values[M]. Beverly Hills:Sage Publications,1980.
[22] Kogut,singh. The Effect of National Culture on the Choice of Entry Mode[J]. Journal of International Business Studies,1988,9(3):411-432.
[23]张春英,肖冬华.对台经济贸易政策研究[M].北京:九州出版社,2014.
[24]孙根年,王洁洁. 1987年来台海关系变化对台湾入境大陆客流量的影响[J].地理学报,2009,64(12):1 513-1 522.
[25]王列辉,洪彦.直航背景下海峡两岸集装箱港口体系空间结构——基于复杂网络的视角[J].地理学报,2016,71(4):605-620.
[26] To-hai liou. The Locus of Relations across the Taiwan Straits[J]. Taiwanese Journal of WTO Studies,2012(23):83-109.
[27] Douglas Nigh. Political Events and the Foreign Direct Investment Decision:An Empirical Examination[J]. Managerial and Decision Economics,1986,7(2):99-106.
[28]刘晓光,杨连星.双边政治关系、东道国制度环境与对外直接投资[J].金融研究,2016(12):17-31.
[29]贺书锋、郭羽诞.中国对外直接投资区位分析:政治因素重要吗?[J].上海经济研究,2009(3):3-10.
[30]郭平.政治关系、制度环境与中国企业出口行为[J].当代财经,2015(1):98-108.
[31]杨攻研,刘洪钟.政治关系、经济权力与贸易往来:来自东亚的证据[J].世界经济与政治,2015(12):110-130,159-160.
[32]李航飞,韦素琼,陈松林,等.经贸视角下中国台湾“新南向政策”分析——基于SNA和VAR方法[J].地理科学,2018,38(1):67-77.
[33] Kastner S L. When Do Conflicting Political Relations Affect International Trade?[J]. Journal of Conflict Resolution,2007,51(4):664-688.
[34]张建红,姜建刚.双边政治关系对中国对外直接投资的影响研究[J].世界经济与政治,2012(12):133-160.
[35] Neumayer E,Spess L. Do Bilateral Investment Treaties Increase Foreign Direct Investment to DevelopingCountries.[J].World Development,2005,33(10):1 567-1 585.
[36]宗芳宇,路江涌,武常岐.双边投资协定、制度环境和企业对外直接投资区位选择[J].经济研究,2012(5):71-82.
[37]魏后凯,贺灿飞,王新.中国外商投资区位决策与公共政策[M].北京:商务印书馆,2002.
[38]綦建红,杨丽.中国OFDI的区位决定因素——基于地理距离与文化距离的检验[J].经济地理,2012,32(12):40-46.
(1)中国台湾:海峡交流基金会和中国大陆:海峡两岸协会。