秸秆腐解对不同氮肥水平土壤脲酶活性的影响
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摘要
利用黑龙江大学呼兰校区秸秆还田试验为平台,探讨秸秆还田后不同施氮量下土壤脲酶活性的动态变化特征,明确农田黑土玉米秸秆腐解下土壤氮素含量与脲酶活性的关系。试验以秸秆腐解和不施秸秆为主区,不同氮肥水平(纯N)(0、135、180、225 kg/hm~2)为副区,测定了土壤全氮、碱解氮及脲酶活性,试验结果表明:2种秸秆处理的土壤脲酶活性变化趋势均随玉米生育期的延长增加,在拔节期达到最高后降低;与无秸秆处理相比,施氮量为180、225 kg/hm~2的秸秆腐解处理可显著提高土壤脲酶活性(P<0.05),而施氮量为0、135 kg/hm~2时虽提高了脲酶活性,但未达到显著水平(P>0.05);土壤碱解氮、土壤全氮的变化趋势与土壤脲酶活性的变化趋势一致,均为随施氮水平的增加而增加;相关分析显示,土壤脲酶活性与土壤全氮、碱解氮呈极显著正相关。
Based on the straw returning experiment in Hulan campus of Heilongjiang University,this study focused on the dynamic of soil urease activity at different nitrogen application rates after straw returning to the field,and clarified the relationship between soil nitrogen content and urease activity under accelerated decomposition of corn straw in black soil.In the experiment,the soil total nitrogen,available nitrogen and urease activities were measured in the main areas of straw decomposition and no straw application,with different nitrogen fertilizer levels(pure N)(0,135,180 and 225as sub-areas.The results showed that the changing trend of soil urease activity under the two straw treatments increased with the extension of maize growth period and decreased after reaching the maximum in the jointing stage.Compared with the treatment without straw,accelerated straw decomposition with nitrogen application rate of 180225significantly improve soil urease activity(P<0.05),while nitrogen application rate of 0135increased urease activity but no significant difference was detected(P>0.05).The changing trend of soil available nitrogen and soil total nitrogen are consistent with the change trend of soil urease activity,both of which increase with the increase of nitrogen application level.Significantly positive correlations between soil urease activity and total nitrogen or available nitrogen are observed in this study.
Based on the straw returning experiment in Hulan campus of Heilongjiang University,this study focused on the dynamic of soil urease activity at different nitrogen application rates after straw returning to the field,and clarified the relationship between soil nitrogen content and urease activity under accelerated decomposition of corn straw in black soil.In the experiment,the soil total nitrogen,available nitrogen and urease activities were measured in the main areas of straw decomposition and no straw application,with different nitrogen fertilizer levels(pure N)(0,135,180 and 225as sub-areas.The results showed that the changing trend of soil urease activity under the two straw treatments increased with the extension of maize growth period and decreased after reaching the maximum in the jointing stage.Compared with the treatment without straw,accelerated straw decomposition with nitrogen application rate of 180225significantly improve soil urease activity(P<0.05),while nitrogen application rate of 0135increased urease activity but no significant difference was detected(P>0.05).The changing trend of soil available nitrogen and soil total nitrogen are consistent with the change trend of soil urease activity,both of which increase with the increase of nitrogen application level.Significantly positive correlations between soil urease activity and total nitrogen or available nitrogen are observed in this study.
引文
[1]焦晓光,王晓军,徐欣,等.秸秆覆盖条件下不同施氮水平对春玉米产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].土壤与作物,2018,7(2):242-247.
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[6]陈珊,丁咸庆,祝贞科,等.秸秆还田对外源氮在土壤中转化及其微生物响应的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(4):1613-1621.
[7]李玮,乔玉强,陈欢,等.玉米秸秆还田配施氮肥对冬小麦土壤氮素表观盈亏及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(3):561-570.
[8]张刚,王德建,俞元春,等.秸秆全量还田与氮肥用量对水稻产量、氮肥利用率及氮素损失的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(4):877-885.
[9]陈兴丽,周建斌,刘建亮,等.不同施肥处理对玉米秸秆碳氮比及其矿化特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(2):314-319.
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[11]杨育川,郑月兰,何智宏,等.不同秸秆还田方式及施肥对春小麦复种小油菜产量和资源利用率的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(9):20-26.
[12]南雄雄,田霄鸿,张琳,等.小麦和玉米秸秆腐解特点及对土壤中碳、氮含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(3):626-633.
[13]李新举,张志国,李贻学.土壤深度对还田秸秆腐解速度的影响[J].土壤学报,2001,38(1):135-138.
[14]武际,郭熙盛,鲁剑巍,等.不同水稻栽培模式下小麦秸秆腐解特征及对土壤生物学特性和养分状况的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(2):565-575.
[15]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[16] Kiss S, Simih?ian M. Improving Efficiency of Urea Fertilizers by Inhibition of Soil Urease Activity[J]. Springer Netherlands,2002,46(1):56.
[17]王倩倩,尧水红,张斌,等.秸秆配施氮肥还田对水稻土酶活性的影响[J].土壤,2017,49(1):19-26.
[18]赵鹏,陈阜,李莉.秸秆还田对冬小麦农田土壤无机氮和土壤脲酶的影响[J].华北农学报,2010,25(3):165-169.
[19]庞党伟,陈金,唐玉海,等.玉米秸秆还田方式和氮肥处理对土壤理化性质及冬小麦产量的影响[J].作物学报,2016,42(11):1689-1699.
[20]侯贤清,吴鹏年,王艳丽,等.秸秆还田配施氮肥对土壤水肥状况和玉米产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(6):1928-1934.
[2]毕于运,高春雨,王亚静,等.中国秸秆资源数量估算[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(12):211-217.
[3]李纯燕,杨恒山,刘晶,等.玉米秸秆还田技术与效应研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(33):226-229.
[4] Wang J, Wang D, Zhang G, et al. Effect of wheat straw application on ammonia volatilization from urea applied to a paddy field[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2012,94(1):73-84.
[5]李涛,何春娥,葛晓颖,等.秸秆还田施氮调节碳氮比对土壤无机氮、酶活性及作物产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(12):1633-1642.
[6]陈珊,丁咸庆,祝贞科,等.秸秆还田对外源氮在土壤中转化及其微生物响应的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(4):1613-1621.
[7]李玮,乔玉强,陈欢,等.玉米秸秆还田配施氮肥对冬小麦土壤氮素表观盈亏及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(3):561-570.
[8]张刚,王德建,俞元春,等.秸秆全量还田与氮肥用量对水稻产量、氮肥利用率及氮素损失的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(4):877-885.
[9]陈兴丽,周建斌,刘建亮,等.不同施肥处理对玉米秸秆碳氮比及其矿化特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(2):314-319.
[10] C?etiin S C, EkiinciiH, Kavdiir Y, et al. Using soil urease enzyme activity as soil quality indicator for reflecting fire influence in forest ecosystem[J]. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin,2009,18(12):2380-2387.
[11]杨育川,郑月兰,何智宏,等.不同秸秆还田方式及施肥对春小麦复种小油菜产量和资源利用率的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(9):20-26.
[12]南雄雄,田霄鸿,张琳,等.小麦和玉米秸秆腐解特点及对土壤中碳、氮含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(3):626-633.
[13]李新举,张志国,李贻学.土壤深度对还田秸秆腐解速度的影响[J].土壤学报,2001,38(1):135-138.
[14]武际,郭熙盛,鲁剑巍,等.不同水稻栽培模式下小麦秸秆腐解特征及对土壤生物学特性和养分状况的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(2):565-575.
[15]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[16] Kiss S, Simih?ian M. Improving Efficiency of Urea Fertilizers by Inhibition of Soil Urease Activity[J]. Springer Netherlands,2002,46(1):56.
[17]王倩倩,尧水红,张斌,等.秸秆配施氮肥还田对水稻土酶活性的影响[J].土壤,2017,49(1):19-26.
[18]赵鹏,陈阜,李莉.秸秆还田对冬小麦农田土壤无机氮和土壤脲酶的影响[J].华北农学报,2010,25(3):165-169.
[19]庞党伟,陈金,唐玉海,等.玉米秸秆还田方式和氮肥处理对土壤理化性质及冬小麦产量的影响[J].作物学报,2016,42(11):1689-1699.
[20]侯贤清,吴鹏年,王艳丽,等.秸秆还田配施氮肥对土壤水肥状况和玉米产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(6):1928-1934.