寒冷地区输气管道站场保温设置模拟
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摘要
中国寒冷地区输气管道站场日益增多,但对站场保温设置的重要性认识不足。为了保障站场运行安全,节约运行成本,开展了站场保温设置原则及必要性研究。通过模拟保温对停输管道温降的影响,分析了保温设置对维持管壁温度的效果;通过模拟保温对站内热损失的影响,分析了保温设置对节约运行成本的效果。研究结果表明:设置保温对维持停输后管壁温度、降低站内温降损失效果显著。提出以下原则:根据达到设计输量年限确定站场是否设置保温;加热设备选型需要充分考虑站内温降等工艺参数。该研究成果已在中国东北地区哈沈线、中俄东线等工程中应用,并可进一步指导后续同类工程的建设。
Stations of gas transportation pipeline are increasing in cold regions, but the thermal insulation setting of gas pipeline stations is not cognized sufficiently and does not get enough attention. In this paper, the setting principles and necessity of thermal insulation in gas pipeline stations were investigated in order to increase operation safety and save operating cost of the stations. The effects of thermal insulation on temperature drop of shutdown pipeline were analyzed to understand how thermal insulation maintains the wall temperature of pipelines. Then, the effects of thermal insulation on heat loss in the station were analyzed to figure out the effect of thermal insulation setting on operation cost saving. It is indicated that setting thermal insulation plays a remarkable role in maintaining pipe wall temperature after shutdown and reducing heat loss of temperature drop in the station. And finally, the principle was proposed to determine whether to set thermal insulation according to the years reaching the design throughput, and it was recommended to take full consideration of the temperature drop in the stations when the types of heating equipments are selected. The research result has been applied to Harbin-Shenyang Gas Pipeline and China-Russia Eastern Gas pipeline in Northeast China. And it can provide the guide for the construction of similar gas pipeline projects in the future.
Stations of gas transportation pipeline are increasing in cold regions, but the thermal insulation setting of gas pipeline stations is not cognized sufficiently and does not get enough attention. In this paper, the setting principles and necessity of thermal insulation in gas pipeline stations were investigated in order to increase operation safety and save operating cost of the stations. The effects of thermal insulation on temperature drop of shutdown pipeline were analyzed to understand how thermal insulation maintains the wall temperature of pipelines. Then, the effects of thermal insulation on heat loss in the station were analyzed to figure out the effect of thermal insulation setting on operation cost saving. It is indicated that setting thermal insulation plays a remarkable role in maintaining pipe wall temperature after shutdown and reducing heat loss of temperature drop in the station. And finally, the principle was proposed to determine whether to set thermal insulation according to the years reaching the design throughput, and it was recommended to take full consideration of the temperature drop in the stations when the types of heating equipments are selected. The research result has been applied to Harbin-Shenyang Gas Pipeline and China-Russia Eastern Gas pipeline in Northeast China. And it can provide the guide for the construction of similar gas pipeline projects in the future.
引文
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[2]蒋林林,韩文礼,张红磊,等.冻土区保温管道补口结构的保温性能[J].油气储运,2016,35(4):391-395.JIANG L L,HAN W L,ZHANG H L,et al.Thermal insulation performance of pipe joint coating in permafrost regions[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2016,35(4):391-395.
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[4]赵树炳,赵振兴,张志强,等.多年冻土区埋地管道保温方案的设计与有限元分析[J].油气储运,2015,34(1):86-89.ZHAO S B,ZHAO Z X,ZHANG Z Q,et al.Design and finite element analysis of insulation of pipeline buried in permafrost area[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2015,34(1):86-89.
[5]刘永茜,秦兴述,甘淳静.浅谈寒冷地区天然气集输站场防冻设计[J].天然气与石油,2009,27(6):15-17.LIU Y Q,QIN X S,GAN C J.Discussion on anti freezing design technology of natural gas gathering station in cold area[J].Natural Gas and Oil,2009,27(6):15-17.
[6]ERTüRK M.Optimum insulation thicknesses of pipes with respect to different insulation materials,fuels and climate zones in Turkey[J].Energy,2016,113:991-1003.
[7]邓贵德,孙亮,寿比南,等.低温环境下地面输气管道最低温度计算方法[J].天然气工业,2013,33(7):96-100.DENG G D,SUN L,SHOU B N,et al.Calculation methods for the minimum wall temperature of ground gas pipelines in a low temperature environment[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(7):96-100.
[8]聂超飞,兰浩,范华平,等.埋地保温管道和非保温管道停输温降规律对比研究[J].石油工程建设,2018,44(1):19-22.NIE C F,LAN H,FAN H P,et al.Comparative study on law of temperature drop during shutdown process between buried insulated pipeline and non-insulated pipeline[J].Petroleum Engineering Construction,2018,44(1):19-22.
[9]邓志强,施雯,王琪,等.高温管道保温层优化设计研究进展[J].管道技术与设备,2016(6):14-16.DENG Z Q,SHI W,WANG Q,et al.Research progress in design optimization of high-temperature pipe insulation layer[J].Pipeline Technique and Equipment,2016(6):14-16.
[10]赵红艳,刘宗奎.低温钢及其应用[J].山东理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,17(5):102-104.ZHAO H Y,LIU Z K.Low temperature steel and its applications[J].Journal of Shandong University of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2003,17(5):102-104.
[11]张鑫,王毓薇,白志鸿,等.纳米气凝胶与常用管道保温材料的性能对比[J].油气储运,2015,34(1):77-80.ZHANG X,WANG Y W,BAI Z H,et al.Comparison of properties between nano-aerogel and common pipeline insulating materials[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2015,34(1):77-80.
[12]赵翠玲,李小瑜,王晓红,等.中亚天然气管道工艺细节设计[J].油气储运,2012,31(3):235-237.ZHAO C L,LI X Y,WANG X H,et al.Process-oriented design of Trans-Asia Natural Gas Pipeline[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2012,31(3):235-237.
[13]刁宇,兰浩,刘朝阳,等.保温热油管道不同投产方案对比[J].油气储运,2018,37(4):428-434.DIAO Y,LAN H,LIU Z Y,et al.Comparison between different commissioning plans of insulated hot oil pipeline[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2018,37(4):428-434.
[14]胡德芬,徐立,李祥斌,等.天然气集输管线冬季冻堵及措施分析[J].天然气与石油,2009,27(1):21-25.HU D F,XU L,LI X B,et al.Analysis of winter freezing and the measures of natural gas collecting pipeline[J].Natural Gas and Oil,2009,27(1):21-25.
[15]李长俊.天然气管道输送[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000:47-67.LI C J.Natural gas pipeline transportation[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industy Press,2000:47-67.
[16]沈维道,童钧耕.工程热力学[M].第4版.北京:高等教育出版社,2007:19-69.SHEN W D,TONG J G.Engineering thermodynamics[M].4th ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2007:19-69.
[17]张国强,何鹏飞,罗红芳,等.天然气管道增压工程站场施工及验收要求[J].油气田地面工程,2014,33(12):82-83.ZHANG G Q,HE P F,LUO H F,et al.The station construction and acceptance requirements of gas pipeline pressurization project[J].Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering,2014,33(12):82-83.
[18]蒋林林,潘丽红,韩文礼,等.冻土区油气管道保温技术现状[J].石油工程建设,2014,40(4):41-44.JIANG L L,PAN L H,HAN W L,et al.Current status of thermal insulation technology of oil and gas pipelines in permafrost regions[J].Petroleum Engineering Construction,2014,40(4):41-44.
[19]付英,陈世一,商鹏.地面保温管道的温降计算[J].管道技术与设备,1997(6):4-7.FU Y,CHEN S Y,SHANG P.Temperature drop calculation of surface insulation pipe aboveground insulation pipeline[J].Pipeline Technique and Equipment,1997(6):4-7.
[20]傅文兴.石油化工设备及管道的保温通用性研究[J].化工装备技术,2017,38(2):27-32.FU W X.Universal study on the thermal insulation of petrochemical equipment and pipe[J].Chemical Equipment Technology,2017,38(2):27-32.
[21]李春成,谢禹钧,李世武,等.工业管道保温结构的优化设计及节能分析[J].辽宁石油化工大学学报,2006,26(2):52-55.LI C C,XIE Y J,LI S W,et al.Optimal design and energy saving analysis of heat preservation structure for industrial pipeline[J].Journal of Liaoning University of Petroleum&Chemical Technology,2006,26(2):52-55.
[22]KIIL S.Quantitative analysis of silica aerogel-based thermal insulation coatings[J].Progress in Organic Coatings,2015,89:26-34.
[23]柏荣.管道保温的技术经济优化分析[J].化工设备与管道,2006,43(1):57-61.BAI R.Analysis of technical and economical optimum in piping insulation[J].Process Equipment&Piping,2006,43(1):57-61.
[24]DA DEMIR A,ERTüRK M,KE?EBA A,et al.Effects of air gap on insulation thickness and life cycle costs for different pipe diameters in pipeline[J].Energy,2017,122:492-504.
[2]蒋林林,韩文礼,张红磊,等.冻土区保温管道补口结构的保温性能[J].油气储运,2016,35(4):391-395.JIANG L L,HAN W L,ZHANG H L,et al.Thermal insulation performance of pipe joint coating in permafrost regions[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2016,35(4):391-395.
[3]刘显茜,陈君若,侯宏英,等.保温材料管道保温性能分析[J].湖南科技大学学报(自然科学版),2009,24(1):41-44.LIU X X,CHEN J R,HOU H Y,et al.Analysis of the property of insulated material around the pipeline[J].Journal of Hunan University of Science&Technology(Natural Science Edition),2009,24(1):41-44.
[4]赵树炳,赵振兴,张志强,等.多年冻土区埋地管道保温方案的设计与有限元分析[J].油气储运,2015,34(1):86-89.ZHAO S B,ZHAO Z X,ZHANG Z Q,et al.Design and finite element analysis of insulation of pipeline buried in permafrost area[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2015,34(1):86-89.
[5]刘永茜,秦兴述,甘淳静.浅谈寒冷地区天然气集输站场防冻设计[J].天然气与石油,2009,27(6):15-17.LIU Y Q,QIN X S,GAN C J.Discussion on anti freezing design technology of natural gas gathering station in cold area[J].Natural Gas and Oil,2009,27(6):15-17.
[6]ERTüRK M.Optimum insulation thicknesses of pipes with respect to different insulation materials,fuels and climate zones in Turkey[J].Energy,2016,113:991-1003.
[7]邓贵德,孙亮,寿比南,等.低温环境下地面输气管道最低温度计算方法[J].天然气工业,2013,33(7):96-100.DENG G D,SUN L,SHOU B N,et al.Calculation methods for the minimum wall temperature of ground gas pipelines in a low temperature environment[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(7):96-100.
[8]聂超飞,兰浩,范华平,等.埋地保温管道和非保温管道停输温降规律对比研究[J].石油工程建设,2018,44(1):19-22.NIE C F,LAN H,FAN H P,et al.Comparative study on law of temperature drop during shutdown process between buried insulated pipeline and non-insulated pipeline[J].Petroleum Engineering Construction,2018,44(1):19-22.
[9]邓志强,施雯,王琪,等.高温管道保温层优化设计研究进展[J].管道技术与设备,2016(6):14-16.DENG Z Q,SHI W,WANG Q,et al.Research progress in design optimization of high-temperature pipe insulation layer[J].Pipeline Technique and Equipment,2016(6):14-16.
[10]赵红艳,刘宗奎.低温钢及其应用[J].山东理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,17(5):102-104.ZHAO H Y,LIU Z K.Low temperature steel and its applications[J].Journal of Shandong University of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2003,17(5):102-104.
[11]张鑫,王毓薇,白志鸿,等.纳米气凝胶与常用管道保温材料的性能对比[J].油气储运,2015,34(1):77-80.ZHANG X,WANG Y W,BAI Z H,et al.Comparison of properties between nano-aerogel and common pipeline insulating materials[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2015,34(1):77-80.
[12]赵翠玲,李小瑜,王晓红,等.中亚天然气管道工艺细节设计[J].油气储运,2012,31(3):235-237.ZHAO C L,LI X Y,WANG X H,et al.Process-oriented design of Trans-Asia Natural Gas Pipeline[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2012,31(3):235-237.
[13]刁宇,兰浩,刘朝阳,等.保温热油管道不同投产方案对比[J].油气储运,2018,37(4):428-434.DIAO Y,LAN H,LIU Z Y,et al.Comparison between different commissioning plans of insulated hot oil pipeline[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2018,37(4):428-434.
[14]胡德芬,徐立,李祥斌,等.天然气集输管线冬季冻堵及措施分析[J].天然气与石油,2009,27(1):21-25.HU D F,XU L,LI X B,et al.Analysis of winter freezing and the measures of natural gas collecting pipeline[J].Natural Gas and Oil,2009,27(1):21-25.
[15]李长俊.天然气管道输送[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000:47-67.LI C J.Natural gas pipeline transportation[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industy Press,2000:47-67.
[16]沈维道,童钧耕.工程热力学[M].第4版.北京:高等教育出版社,2007:19-69.SHEN W D,TONG J G.Engineering thermodynamics[M].4th ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2007:19-69.
[17]张国强,何鹏飞,罗红芳,等.天然气管道增压工程站场施工及验收要求[J].油气田地面工程,2014,33(12):82-83.ZHANG G Q,HE P F,LUO H F,et al.The station construction and acceptance requirements of gas pipeline pressurization project[J].Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering,2014,33(12):82-83.
[18]蒋林林,潘丽红,韩文礼,等.冻土区油气管道保温技术现状[J].石油工程建设,2014,40(4):41-44.JIANG L L,PAN L H,HAN W L,et al.Current status of thermal insulation technology of oil and gas pipelines in permafrost regions[J].Petroleum Engineering Construction,2014,40(4):41-44.
[19]付英,陈世一,商鹏.地面保温管道的温降计算[J].管道技术与设备,1997(6):4-7.FU Y,CHEN S Y,SHANG P.Temperature drop calculation of surface insulation pipe aboveground insulation pipeline[J].Pipeline Technique and Equipment,1997(6):4-7.
[20]傅文兴.石油化工设备及管道的保温通用性研究[J].化工装备技术,2017,38(2):27-32.FU W X.Universal study on the thermal insulation of petrochemical equipment and pipe[J].Chemical Equipment Technology,2017,38(2):27-32.
[21]李春成,谢禹钧,李世武,等.工业管道保温结构的优化设计及节能分析[J].辽宁石油化工大学学报,2006,26(2):52-55.LI C C,XIE Y J,LI S W,et al.Optimal design and energy saving analysis of heat preservation structure for industrial pipeline[J].Journal of Liaoning University of Petroleum&Chemical Technology,2006,26(2):52-55.
[22]KIIL S.Quantitative analysis of silica aerogel-based thermal insulation coatings[J].Progress in Organic Coatings,2015,89:26-34.
[23]柏荣.管道保温的技术经济优化分析[J].化工设备与管道,2006,43(1):57-61.BAI R.Analysis of technical and economical optimum in piping insulation[J].Process Equipment&Piping,2006,43(1):57-61.
[24]DA DEMIR A,ERTüRK M,KE?EBA A,et al.Effects of air gap on insulation thickness and life cycle costs for different pipe diameters in pipeline[J].Energy,2017,122:492-504.