社交媒体中的谣言识别研究综述
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摘要
近年来,社交媒体蓬勃发展,Facebook、Twitter、新浪微博、微信等逐渐成为人们获取或分享信息的重要渠道.这种人人可以参与信息发布和传播的方式在给人们的信息共享提供极大便利的同时,也带来一些突出的问题,特别是网络谣言的不断滋生和快速传播,给社交媒体的有效利用和科学管理提出了严峻挑战.因此,如何快速准确地识别谣言是个重要的研究问题,也是抑制谣言传播、降低谣言危害的前提.该文对社交媒体上的谣言识别工作进行综述,首先介绍了谣言研究的发展历程以及分类;然后,介绍了影响谣言识别的关键要素、当前谣言识别的主要方法;最后,对社交媒体中谣言识别存在的问题与发展趋势进行了总结和展望.
In recent years,the popularization of Web 2.0 technology spurs the flourish of social media.There emerged a few globally influential social media platforms,such as Facebook,Twitter,Sina Weibo,and WeChat,which have gradually become a very important channel for people to obtain or share information.On social media,everyone can participate in publishing and disseminating information.According to the 39 th Statistical Report on Internet Development in China released by China Internet Network Information Center(CNNIC),as of December 2016,China's Internet users reached 731 million,and the Internet penetration rate was 53.2%.The social media platform makes people more closely connected,and has broken the original six degrees separation,now less than five degrees.The way of information dissemination has undergone enormous changes.Especially,the microblogging system has a strong network effect with the optimization of information flow products,the outbreak of video and the steady progress of the vertical.Active users continue to maintain high-speed growth.By the end of 2016,the monthlyactive users of Sina Weibo increased to 313 million.Similarly,Twitter also had 319 million daily active users.CNNIC data show that Sina Weibo in the general social applications ranked second,accounting for 43.5%.73.9% of users focus on news or hot topics via Sina Weibo,which means that Sina Weibo has become a public platform,and the main channel for people to understand the current hot information.However,as a side-effect of social media,rumors,commonly defined as unconfirmed and uncertain information posted intentionally or unintentionally by some users,are also widely propagated over social media,which may lead to significant negative effects and even severe social problems,e.g.,social panic and even chaos.For example,a hacker released a fake tweet about explosions in the White House through the official Twitter account of the Associated Press(AP)on April 23,2013.This rumor was widely reposted and caused an immediate social panic:S&P 500 Index instantaneously dropped 14 points,wiping out 136.5 billion in a matter of seconds,and the Dow Jones Industrial Average also dropped about 145 points within three minutes.Therefore,how to control the spread of rumors in social media has become one of the major concerns of social media platforms and academia.However,the premise of controlling rumors is to identify rumors first.Therefore,the research of rumor identification has a wide range of practical significance and value for purifying network space,improving the effective use of social media,suppressing rumor spreading and reducing the harm of rumor.This paper presents a survey on the identification of rumors in social media.It first introduces the definition and classification of rumors as well as its research history.It then reviews the three key factors affecting rumor identification,and the current methods for rumor identification based on classification and model.Finally,the paper summarizes existing problems of rumor identification over social media and prospects development trends.
In recent years,the popularization of Web 2.0 technology spurs the flourish of social media.There emerged a few globally influential social media platforms,such as Facebook,Twitter,Sina Weibo,and WeChat,which have gradually become a very important channel for people to obtain or share information.On social media,everyone can participate in publishing and disseminating information.According to the 39 th Statistical Report on Internet Development in China released by China Internet Network Information Center(CNNIC),as of December 2016,China's Internet users reached 731 million,and the Internet penetration rate was 53.2%.The social media platform makes people more closely connected,and has broken the original six degrees separation,now less than five degrees.The way of information dissemination has undergone enormous changes.Especially,the microblogging system has a strong network effect with the optimization of information flow products,the outbreak of video and the steady progress of the vertical.Active users continue to maintain high-speed growth.By the end of 2016,the monthlyactive users of Sina Weibo increased to 313 million.Similarly,Twitter also had 319 million daily active users.CNNIC data show that Sina Weibo in the general social applications ranked second,accounting for 43.5%.73.9% of users focus on news or hot topics via Sina Weibo,which means that Sina Weibo has become a public platform,and the main channel for people to understand the current hot information.However,as a side-effect of social media,rumors,commonly defined as unconfirmed and uncertain information posted intentionally or unintentionally by some users,are also widely propagated over social media,which may lead to significant negative effects and even severe social problems,e.g.,social panic and even chaos.For example,a hacker released a fake tweet about explosions in the White House through the official Twitter account of the Associated Press(AP)on April 23,2013.This rumor was widely reposted and caused an immediate social panic:S&P 500 Index instantaneously dropped 14 points,wiping out 136.5 billion in a matter of seconds,and the Dow Jones Industrial Average also dropped about 145 points within three minutes.Therefore,how to control the spread of rumors in social media has become one of the major concerns of social media platforms and academia.However,the premise of controlling rumors is to identify rumors first.Therefore,the research of rumor identification has a wide range of practical significance and value for purifying network space,improving the effective use of social media,suppressing rumor spreading and reducing the harm of rumor.This paper presents a survey on the identification of rumors in social media.It first introduces the definition and classification of rumors as well as its research history.It then reviews the three key factors affecting rumor identification,and the current methods for rumor identification based on classification and model.Finally,the paper summarizes existing problems of rumor identification over social media and prospects development trends.
引文
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[8]Min Qing-Fei,Liu Xiao-Dan.A review of rumor study based on media evolution.Journal of Intelligence,2015,34(04):104-109(in Chinese)(闵庆飞,刘晓丹.谣言研究综述:基于媒介演变的视角.情报杂志,2015,34(04):104-109)
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[12]Kumar S,West R,Leskovec J.Disinformation on the Web:Impact,Characteristics,and Detection of Wikipedia Hoaxes//Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on World Wide Web.Montreal,Canada,2016:591-602
[13]Zhao Z,Resnick P,Mei Q.Enquiring minds:Early detection of rumors in social media from enquiry posts//Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web.Florence,Italy,2015:1395-1405
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