设施猪场生猪体温红外巡检系统设计与试验
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摘要
针对规模化生猪养殖过程中难以及时获取猪只体温的问题,设计了基于红外技术的生猪体温巡检系统,以实现对设施猪场生猪体温的快速监测。硬件包括红外移动采集装置、系统控制装置和电源3部分。其中红外移动采集装置包括滑轨、移动小车、红外热像仪和保护壳;系统控制装置包括惠普MINI微型计算机、XP2-18R/RT型整体式控制器和DM542型数字式步进电机驱动器;电源包括电缆线和电缆滑车。控制系统集成红外图像的采集、存储控制,移动小车的运行控制及与远程服务器的数据通信等功能。在限位栏猪舍安装该装备,并进行了28 d的测试试验,试验表明:系统工作稳定,巡检过程中红外图像平均缺失率为1. 12%,能有效采集限位栏生猪红外图像。试验选择耳根区域作为生猪体温敏感区域,通过统计得到猪只耳根区域周期性巡检精度在90%以上,能有效监测猪只耳根区域温度情况。试验连续5 d对3～6号猪只耳根区域温度最大值进行监测,并统计其日均值,通过分析验证了温度数值的科学性,可为养殖人员提供有效的监测信息,对生猪的健康监测和疫情防治具有重要意义。
Considering the difficulties of obtaining the body temperature of pigs timely in the process of large-scale pig breeding,an inspection system based on infrared technology was designed to realize the rapid monitoring of body temperature in the facility pig farm. The hardware of system included an infrared mobile acquisition device,a system control device,and the power supply device. The infrared mobile acquisition device was comprised of a slide rail,a mobile car,an infrared thermal imager,and a protective shell; the system control device was comprised of a HP MINI microcomputer,a XP2-18R/RT integrated controller,and a DM542 digital motor driver; the power supply included cables and cable blocks. The control system of equipment integrated infrared image acquisition,storage control,mobile car operation control and data communication with remote server,etc. The equipment was deployed and experimented in the limit bar pig farm for 28 days. The experiment showed that the system worked stably and the average loss rate of infrared images in the inspection process was 1. 12%,which could effectively collect the infrared images of pigs in the limit bar pig farm. The ear roots area was selected as the temperature sensitive area in the experiment. According to the statistics,the periodic inspection accuracy of the ear roots area of pigs was over 90%,which can effectively monitor the temperature of the ear roots area of pigs. The experiment also monitored the maximum temperature of the ear roots region of No. 3 to No. 6 pigs for five consecutive days and counted their daily mean value. The analysis verified the scientific value of temperature,which could provide effective monitoring information for the breeding personnel,and was of great significance for the health monitoring and epidemic prevention of pigs in the field of pig breeding.
Considering the difficulties of obtaining the body temperature of pigs timely in the process of large-scale pig breeding,an inspection system based on infrared technology was designed to realize the rapid monitoring of body temperature in the facility pig farm. The hardware of system included an infrared mobile acquisition device,a system control device,and the power supply device. The infrared mobile acquisition device was comprised of a slide rail,a mobile car,an infrared thermal imager,and a protective shell; the system control device was comprised of a HP MINI microcomputer,a XP2-18R/RT integrated controller,and a DM542 digital motor driver; the power supply included cables and cable blocks. The control system of equipment integrated infrared image acquisition,storage control,mobile car operation control and data communication with remote server,etc. The equipment was deployed and experimented in the limit bar pig farm for 28 days. The experiment showed that the system worked stably and the average loss rate of infrared images in the inspection process was 1. 12%,which could effectively collect the infrared images of pigs in the limit bar pig farm. The ear roots area was selected as the temperature sensitive area in the experiment. According to the statistics,the periodic inspection accuracy of the ear roots area of pigs was over 90%,which can effectively monitor the temperature of the ear roots area of pigs. The experiment also monitored the maximum temperature of the ear roots region of No. 3 to No. 6 pigs for five consecutive days and counted their daily mean value. The analysis verified the scientific value of temperature,which could provide effective monitoring information for the breeding personnel,and was of great significance for the health monitoring and epidemic prevention of pigs in the field of pig breeding.
引文
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[16] ZHANG K,JIAO L,ZHAO X,et al. An instantaneous approach for determining the infrared emissivity of swine surface and the influencing factors[J]. Journal of Thermal Biology,2016,57:78-83.
[17] SOERENSEN D D,CLAUSEN S,MERCER J B,et al. Determining the emissivity of pig skin for accurate infrared thermography[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2014,109:52-58.
[18]高利波,段纲,尹革芬,等.红外线体温仪在生猪屠宰场体温筛检中的试用效果[J].中国畜牧兽医,2010,37(9):235-237.GAO Libo,DUAN Gang,YIN Gefen,et al. Trial results of infrared thermometer in the application of ante-mortem body temperature screening in the pig slaughterhouse[J]. China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2010,37(9):235-237.(in Chinese)
[19]周丽萍,陈达,陈志,等.基于图像处理的生猪耳部颜色异常检测技术[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(4):166-172.ZHOU Liping,CHEN Da,CHEN Zhi,et al. Pig ear abnormal color detection on image processing techniques[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(4):166-172. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20170422&flag=1. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2017. 04. 022.(in Chinese)
[20] SOERENSEN D D,PEDERSEN L J. Infrared skin temperature measurements for monitoring health in pigs:a review[J]. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica,2015,57(1):1-11.
[21] LU M,HE J,CHEN C,et al. An automatic ear base temperature extraction method for top view piglet thermal image[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2018,155:339-347.
[22] GORCZYCA M T,MILAN H F M,MAIA A S C,et al. Machine learning algorithms to predict core,skin,and hair-coat temperatures of piglets[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2018,151:286-294.
[2]汪开英,赵晓洋,何勇.畜禽行为及生理信息的无损监测技术研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(20):197-209.WANG Kaiying,ZHAO Xiaoyang,HE Yong. Review on noninvasive monitoring technology of poultry behavior and physiological information[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(20):197-209.(in Chinese)
[3]秦永孝,王玉梁,高雪峰,等.基于红外设备的母猪发情状态下体温变化研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2016,47(1):85-91.QIN Yongxiao,WANG Yuliang,GAO Xuefeng,et al. Temperature changes during estrus in swine was studied by infrared temperature measurement device[J]. Act Veterinaria et Zootechncia Sinica,2016,47(1):85-91.(in Chinese)
[4]张巧平.基于体温检测的猪疾病判断方法[J].现代农业科技,2011(20):352-354.
[5] MENZEL A,BEYERBACH M,SIEWERT C,et al. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae challenge in swine:diagnostic of lung alterations by infrared thermography[J]. BMC Vet. Res.,2014,10:199.
[6]刘波,朱伟兴,霍冠英.生猪轮廓红外与光学图像的融合算法[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(17):113-120.LIU Bo,ZHU Weixing,HUO Guanying. An image fusion algorithm of infrared thermal and optical images for pig contour[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(17):113-120.(in Chinese)
[7]刘波,朱伟兴,纪滨,等.基于射线轮廓点匹配的生猪红外与可见光图像自动配准[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(2):153-160.LIU Bo,ZHU Weixing,JI Bin,et al. Automatic registration of IR and optical pig images based on contour match of radial line feature points[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(2):153-160.(in Chinese)
[8] SALLES M S V,DA SILVA S C,SALLES F A,et al. Mapping the body surface temperature of cattle by infrared thermography[J]. Journal of Thermal Biology,2016,62:63-69.
[9] KRIZANAC D,HAUGK M,STERZ F,et al. Tracheal temperature for monitoring body temperature during mild hypothermia in pigs[J]. Resuscitation,2010,81(1):87-92.
[10] RICCI G D,SILVA-MIRANDA K O D,TITTO C G. Infrared thermography as a non-invasive method for the evaluation of heat stress in pigs kept in pens free of cages in the maternity[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2019,157:403-409.
[11] KAMMERSGAARD T S,MALMKVIST J,PEDERSEN L J. Infrared thermography-a non-invasive tool to evaluate thermal status of neonatal pigs based on surface temperature[J]. Animal,2013,7(12):2026-2034.
[12] Yá?EZ-PIZA?A A,MOTA-ROJAS D,RAMíREZ-NECOECHEA R,et al. Application of infrared thermography to assess the effect of different types of environmental enrichment on the ocular,auricular pavilion and nose area temperatures of weaned piglets[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2019,156:33-42.
[13] SIEWERT C,D?NICKE S,KERSTEN S,et al. Difference method for analysing infrared images in pigs with elevated body temperatures[J]. Zeitschrift Für Medizinische Physik,2014,24(1):6-15.
[14]朱伟兴,刘波,杨建军,等.基于改进主动形状模型的生猪耳部区域检测方法[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(3):288-295.ZHU Weixing,LIU Bo,YANG Jianjun,et al. Pig ear area detection based on adapted active shape model[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(3):288-295. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20150342&flag=1. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2015. 03. 042.(in Chinese)
[15]周丽萍,陈志,陈达,等.基于改进Otsu算法的生猪热红外图像耳根特征区域检测[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(4):228-232.ZHOU Liping,CHEN Zhi,CHEN Da,et al. Pig ear root detection based on adapted Otsu[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(4):228-232. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20160430&flag=1. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2016. 04. 030.(in Chinese)
[16] ZHANG K,JIAO L,ZHAO X,et al. An instantaneous approach for determining the infrared emissivity of swine surface and the influencing factors[J]. Journal of Thermal Biology,2016,57:78-83.
[17] SOERENSEN D D,CLAUSEN S,MERCER J B,et al. Determining the emissivity of pig skin for accurate infrared thermography[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2014,109:52-58.
[18]高利波,段纲,尹革芬,等.红外线体温仪在生猪屠宰场体温筛检中的试用效果[J].中国畜牧兽医,2010,37(9):235-237.GAO Libo,DUAN Gang,YIN Gefen,et al. Trial results of infrared thermometer in the application of ante-mortem body temperature screening in the pig slaughterhouse[J]. China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2010,37(9):235-237.(in Chinese)
[19]周丽萍,陈达,陈志,等.基于图像处理的生猪耳部颜色异常检测技术[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(4):166-172.ZHOU Liping,CHEN Da,CHEN Zhi,et al. Pig ear abnormal color detection on image processing techniques[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(4):166-172. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20170422&flag=1. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2017. 04. 022.(in Chinese)
[20] SOERENSEN D D,PEDERSEN L J. Infrared skin temperature measurements for monitoring health in pigs:a review[J]. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica,2015,57(1):1-11.
[21] LU M,HE J,CHEN C,et al. An automatic ear base temperature extraction method for top view piglet thermal image[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2018,155:339-347.
[22] GORCZYCA M T,MILAN H F M,MAIA A S C,et al. Machine learning algorithms to predict core,skin,and hair-coat temperatures of piglets[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2018,151:286-294.