面向低污快速脱毛的牛皮浸水工艺的设计优化
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摘要
综合利用扫描电镜(SEM)、体视显微镜、组织学观察、BOD_5、COD、总氮、总碳、氨氮、羟脯氨酸、收缩温度、物理机械性能、感官性能等多种检测手段,采取"逐一比较新方法"等比较方法,对于多种浸水方案进行设计优化,发现高pH浸水工艺安全性很高,坯革粒面完整、清晰,对纤维起到了一定的预分散作用,对弹性纤维起到了一定的预水解作用,坯革的理化性能、物理机械性能符合QB/T 2710-2005,感官性能良好,该技术产生的废液污染负荷较低,与常规浸水相当,预脱毛效果显著。
Different soaking schemes were compared and analyzed and the high pH soaking technology was got finally. Scanning electron microscope, stereoscopic microscope, histological observation were used. BOD_5, COD, total carbon, total azote, hydroxyproline(Hyp), shrinkage temperature, physical and mechanical properties and sensory properties were detected. "The new method of comparing one by one" was used. The high pH soaking technology has high safety. Grain of leather using this technology is clean and full. Collagen fibers are dispersed and elastic fibers are hydrolyzed. The physical-mechanical properties of leather fit industrial standard QB1 T 2710-2005. The sensory properties of leather are good and pollution load of this soaking technology is also very low. The most important effect is that this soaking technology has pretreatment effect to unhairing.
Different soaking schemes were compared and analyzed and the high pH soaking technology was got finally. Scanning electron microscope, stereoscopic microscope, histological observation were used. BOD_5, COD, total carbon, total azote, hydroxyproline(Hyp), shrinkage temperature, physical and mechanical properties and sensory properties were detected. "The new method of comparing one by one" was used. The high pH soaking technology has high safety. Grain of leather using this technology is clean and full. Collagen fibers are dispersed and elastic fibers are hydrolyzed. The physical-mechanical properties of leather fit industrial standard QB1 T 2710-2005. The sensory properties of leather are good and pollution load of this soaking technology is also very low. The most important effect is that this soaking technology has pretreatment effect to unhairing.
引文
[1] 但卫华,曾睿.黄牛皮制革中的若干技术问题(II)[J].西部皮革,2004(12):17-19.
[2] 石碧,王学川.制革清洁技术与原理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010:25-26.
[3] 薛宗明,马建中.几种酶制剂在制革浸水中的应用研究[J].中国皮革,2006,35(2):19-23.
[4] 但卫华,王慧桂,曾睿,等.酶制剂在制革工业中的应用及前景[J].中国皮革,2005,34(4):39-42.
[5] 汪建根,张中玉,陈超莹,等.少硫化钠脱毛工艺的研究[J].中国皮革,2001,30(3):29-32.
[6] 张镜吉.用“逐一比较”法建立比较矩阵求多因素权重值的新方法[J].成都科技大学学报,1991(5):85-90.
[7] GB/T 9695.23-2008肉与肉制品羟脯氨酸含量测定[S].
[8] Bergman I,Loxley R.Two improved and simplified methods for the spectrophotometric determination of hydroxyproline[J].Anal Chem,1963,35(12):1 961-1 965.
[9] HJ/T 199-2005水质总氮的测定气相分子吸收光谱法[S].
[10] 田晓民,丁绍兰,周庆芳.皮革理化分析[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2013.
[11] Ning D,Liu Y H,Huang J B,et al.A method for measuring shrinkage temperature of leather[J].J.Soc.Leather.Technol.Chem.,2011,95(5):221-224.
[12] 李志强.生皮化学与组织学[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2010:164-165.
[13] QB/T 2710-2005 皮革物理和机械试验抗张强度和伸长率的测定[S].
[14] QB/T 2711-2005 皮革物理和机械试验撕裂力的测定双边撕裂[S].
[15] 刘萌,但卫华,但年华.制革节水的方法与途径 [J].西部皮革,2012(9):25-29.
[16] 张玉红,刘兰,但卫华.若干脱毛体系下的协同作用[J].西部皮革,2012(10):14-18.
[17] 彭必雨,于志淼.蛋白酶与皮内各组分的作用及其在制革中的应用[J].中国皮革,2007,36(4):60-64.
[18] QB/T 1873-2004鞋面用皮革[S].
[19] 黎松强,吴馥萍.有机化工废水COD与TOC的相关性[J].精细化工,2007(3):282- 286.
[2] 石碧,王学川.制革清洁技术与原理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010:25-26.
[3] 薛宗明,马建中.几种酶制剂在制革浸水中的应用研究[J].中国皮革,2006,35(2):19-23.
[4] 但卫华,王慧桂,曾睿,等.酶制剂在制革工业中的应用及前景[J].中国皮革,2005,34(4):39-42.
[5] 汪建根,张中玉,陈超莹,等.少硫化钠脱毛工艺的研究[J].中国皮革,2001,30(3):29-32.
[6] 张镜吉.用“逐一比较”法建立比较矩阵求多因素权重值的新方法[J].成都科技大学学报,1991(5):85-90.
[7] GB/T 9695.23-2008肉与肉制品羟脯氨酸含量测定[S].
[8] Bergman I,Loxley R.Two improved and simplified methods for the spectrophotometric determination of hydroxyproline[J].Anal Chem,1963,35(12):1 961-1 965.
[9] HJ/T 199-2005水质总氮的测定气相分子吸收光谱法[S].
[10] 田晓民,丁绍兰,周庆芳.皮革理化分析[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2013.
[11] Ning D,Liu Y H,Huang J B,et al.A method for measuring shrinkage temperature of leather[J].J.Soc.Leather.Technol.Chem.,2011,95(5):221-224.
[12] 李志强.生皮化学与组织学[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2010:164-165.
[13] QB/T 2710-2005 皮革物理和机械试验抗张强度和伸长率的测定[S].
[14] QB/T 2711-2005 皮革物理和机械试验撕裂力的测定双边撕裂[S].
[15] 刘萌,但卫华,但年华.制革节水的方法与途径 [J].西部皮革,2012(9):25-29.
[16] 张玉红,刘兰,但卫华.若干脱毛体系下的协同作用[J].西部皮革,2012(10):14-18.
[17] 彭必雨,于志淼.蛋白酶与皮内各组分的作用及其在制革中的应用[J].中国皮革,2007,36(4):60-64.
[18] QB/T 1873-2004鞋面用皮革[S].
[19] 黎松强,吴馥萍.有机化工废水COD与TOC的相关性[J].精细化工,2007(3):282- 286.