兔单椎体压缩性骨折的应力-应变关系
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摘要
背景:脊柱是人体的中轴,结构复杂且功能多样。脊柱损伤,不但对感觉、运动系统等产生影响,甚至可能造成终生残疾或危及生命。目的:通过单轴压缩破坏实验,分析兔椎体的生物力学特性及压缩载荷下的应力-应变关系,探讨兔龄、椎体类型等因素对椎体极限载荷、应力、应变等的影响,为临床上人脊柱压缩性骨折的预测和防护提供生物力学参考。方法:通过材料性能试验机进行椎体轴向和侧向压缩实验,在椎体腹侧中部粘贴应变计,记录试验机的载荷以及应变计的应变等数据;通过对兔脊柱进行CT扫描,获得椎体的横截面积。结果与结论:(1)兔龄对极限载荷的影响较显著,且随着兔龄增加,多数同名椎体可承受的极限载荷也相应增加;(2)脊柱生理弯曲转折位置的椎体易发生骨折或破坏;(3)此文的研究结果也可用于兔椎体压缩有限元分析的模型验证。
BACKGROUND: Spine is the central axis of the body, and has complex structure and versatile functions. Spinalinjury will not only affect the sensory and movement systems, but may even result in life-long disability or life-threatening injuries.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the stress-strain relations of the rabbit vertebrae obtained by uniaxial compression, and to explore the effects of rabbit age, body weight, and vertebral body type on the vertebral load, stress, and strain in order to provide biomechanical guidance to spinal compression fractures.METHODS: Axial and lateral compression experiments of the vertebral body were performed through a material properties tester, strain gauges were attached to the ventral middle part of the vertebral bodies, and the data such as the load of the tester and the strain were recorded. The sectional area of vertebrae was obtained by CT scanning for rabbit spine.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The rabbit age had a significant effect on the ultimate load, and with age increasing, the ultimate load of most of vertebrae could bear was increased.(2) The vertebral body at the turning point of spine physiological bending was liable to fracture or damage.(3) Our results can be employed to validate the finite element analysis model of rabbit vertebral compression.
BACKGROUND: Spine is the central axis of the body, and has complex structure and versatile functions. Spinalinjury will not only affect the sensory and movement systems, but may even result in life-long disability or life-threatening injuries.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the stress-strain relations of the rabbit vertebrae obtained by uniaxial compression, and to explore the effects of rabbit age, body weight, and vertebral body type on the vertebral load, stress, and strain in order to provide biomechanical guidance to spinal compression fractures.METHODS: Axial and lateral compression experiments of the vertebral body were performed through a material properties tester, strain gauges were attached to the ventral middle part of the vertebral bodies, and the data such as the load of the tester and the strain were recorded. The sectional area of vertebrae was obtained by CT scanning for rabbit spine.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The rabbit age had a significant effect on the ultimate load, and with age increasing, the ultimate load of most of vertebrae could bear was increased.(2) The vertebral body at the turning point of spine physiological bending was liable to fracture or damage.(3) Our results can be employed to validate the finite element analysis model of rabbit vertebral compression.
引文
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[2]白爱利,李小生.脊柱生物力学之研究进展[J].南京体育学院学报(自然科学版),2006,5(1):74-78.
[3]Liu P,Yao Y,Liu MY,et al.Spinal trauma in mainland china from 2001 to 2007:an epidemiological study based on a nation wide database.Spine.2012;37(15):1310-1315.
[4]Sa J,Seo DC,Sang DC.Comparison of risk factors for falls from height between commercial and residential roofers.JSafety Res.2009;40(1):1-6.
[5]White RA,Scher LA,Samson RH,et al.Peripheral vascular injuries associated with falls from heights.J Trauma.1987;27(4):411-414.
[6]Steedman DJ.Severity of free-fall injury.Injury.1989;20(5):259.
[7]谭宗奎,陈庄洪,徐永年.坠落致脊柱脊髓伤的损伤特点分析[J].中国中医骨伤科杂志,1999,7(4):52-53.
[8]Türk EE,Tsokos M.Pathologic features of fatal falls from height.Am J Forensic Med Pathol.2004;25(3):194-199.
[9]Lipscomb HJ,Li L,Dement J.Work-related falls among union carpenters in Washington State before and after the Vertical Fall Arrest Standard.Am J Ind Med.2003;44(2):157-165.
[10]谭宗奎,陈庄洪,徐永年.坠落致脊柱脊髓伤的损伤特点分析[J].中国中医骨伤科杂志,1999,7(4):52-53.
[11]马洪顺,王玉臣,张泽函,等.人体脊椎骨粘弹性实验研究[J].中国生物医学工程学报,1991,10(4):270-272.
[12]陈雷,杨小玉,马洪顺.腰椎骨松质骨拉伸、压缩、弯曲实验研究[J].中国老年学杂志,2008,28(13):1283-1284.
[13]陈新民,郎继孝,陈德喜,等.应用三维有限元模型研究颈椎不同工况下的生物力学变化[J].临床骨科杂志,2003,6(4):294-296.
[14]付裕,阮狄克,刘斌,等.利用CT扫描及CAD技术建立第3-7颈椎三维有限元模型[J].内蒙古医学杂志,2005,37(12):1073-1076.
[15]张爱平,陈日齐,黄昱,等.人类腰段脊柱三维有限元模型的建立[J].中国临床康复,2002,6(12):1734-1735.
[16]王华.腰椎运动节段新型有限元模型研究[J].中国医学工程,2005,13(2):185-187.
[17]赵宝林,王玉臣,马洪顺.人脊柱椎骨压缩实验研究[J].工程与试验,2004,44(z1):50-50.
[18]王尚城,王冬梅,汪方,等.人骨拉伸和压缩力学的性能测试[J].中国组织工程研究,2013,17(7):1180-1184.
[19]Imai K.Analysis of vertebral bone strength,fracture pattern,and fracture location:a validation study using a computed tomography-based nonlinear finite element analysis.Aging Dis.2015;6(3):180-187.
[20]Kraxenberger M,Schr?der C,Geith T,et al.Fracture generation in human vertebrae under compression loading:The influence of pedicle preservation and bone mineral density on in vitro fracture behavior.Technol Health Care.2018;26(1):155-163.
[21]陈劲松,赵卫东,林欣,等.长节段单椎体压缩性骨折动物模型的建立[J].中国临床解剖学杂志,2007,25(1):88-91.
[22]邓燕青.新西兰大白兔腰椎形态学研究[D].南宁:广西医科大学,2014.
[23]张建军.冲击载荷下梯度多孔金属力学行为研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2016.
[24]李凤奎,王纯耀.实验动物与动物实验方法学[M].郑州:郑州大学出版社,2007:194-196,250-251.
[25]吴晓晴.动物实验基本操作技术手册[M].北京:人民军医出版社,2008:14-19,22,109.
[26]刘玉林,张旗,胡玉珍,等.基础医学动物实验技术[M].西安:第四军医大学出版社,2008:125.