从观到悟:体育审美体验的美学向度探析
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摘要
体验是人类最为直观的把握世界的方式,包括宗教体验、认知体验和审美体验三种类型。研究通过体验、审美体验问题的美学向度考察,认为体育观众的审美体验是一种情感体验,是运动者自我对象化的结果和观众生命体验的情感共鸣,观众与运动者共同构成体育观赏体验的审美关系;运动者的审美体验是一种意志体验,是运动者通过意志努力而实现的自我对象化过程与运动者意志体验内化的情感表达,运动者与自身及其身体外延物共同构成运动参与体验的审美关系。体育审美体验是体育美学理论研究的重要内容,在诠释与促进竞技观赏、体育消费、运动参与和美好生活实现方面具有重要意义。
Experience is the most intuitive way for the human beings to grasp the world.It includes religious experience,cognitive experience and aesthetic experience.Through the investigation of the aesthetic dimension of experience and aesthetic experience,this paper suggests that the aesthetic experience of sports audience is a kind of emotional experience,the consequences of the self-objectification of sports participant and the emotional resonance of the life experience of sports audience,the aesthetic relationship of sports viewing experience between the audience and sports participant.The aesthetic experience of the sports is a kind of experience of the will,which is the process of self-objectification realized by will efforts of the sports and the emotional expression of internalization of the sports participant's will.It is also the aesthetic relationship formed by the sports participants and themselves and their body epitasis.Sports aesthetic experience is the important content of sports aesthetic theory research,which is of great significance in interpreting and promoting sports appreciation,sports consumption,sports participation and the realization of a better life.
Experience is the most intuitive way for the human beings to grasp the world.It includes religious experience,cognitive experience and aesthetic experience.Through the investigation of the aesthetic dimension of experience and aesthetic experience,this paper suggests that the aesthetic experience of sports audience is a kind of emotional experience,the consequences of the self-objectification of sports participant and the emotional resonance of the life experience of sports audience,the aesthetic relationship of sports viewing experience between the audience and sports participant.The aesthetic experience of the sports is a kind of experience of the will,which is the process of self-objectification realized by will efforts of the sports and the emotional expression of internalization of the sports participant's will.It is also the aesthetic relationship formed by the sports participants and themselves and their body epitasis.Sports aesthetic experience is the important content of sports aesthetic theory research,which is of great significance in interpreting and promoting sports appreciation,sports consumption,sports participation and the realization of a better life.
引文
[1]Stephen Mumford.Emotions and aesthetics:an inevitable trade-off?[J].Journal of the Philosophy of Sport,2012,39(2):267-279.
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[4]王岳川.20世纪西方心理学美学的演进[J].广东社会科学,2013(1):183-194.
[5]杜高山.从分析到实践:舒斯特曼身体美学与体育研究[J].体育科学,2014,34(11):74-79.
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[16]Janell Hobson.The"batty"politic:Toward an aesthetics of the Black female body[J].Hypatia,2003,18(4):87-105.
[17]高强.知觉、判断力与范例——从两种体育审美体验谈起[J].体育科学,2013,33(5):92-96.
[18]李金辉.多维视域内的现象学研究[M].北京:人民出版社,2014:131.
[19]罗利建.情感美学:论美和美感[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2014:3-10.
[20]彭立勋.审美学现代建构论[M].深圳:海天出版社,2014:99.
[21]杜高山.康德美学视域下的体育审美理论刍议——基于《判断力批判》的体育美学探究[J].体育科学,2012,32(7):85-90.
[22]Stephen Mumford,.Watching Sport:Aesthetics,Ethics and Emotions[M].London and New York:Taylor and Francis,2011:136.
[23]Daniel L W,Frederick G.G,Ryan K Z,et al.Motivational Profiles of Sport Fans of Different Sports[J].Sport Marketing Quarterly,2008(17):6-19.
[24]Paul Gaffneya.Watching Sport:Aesthetics,Ethics and Emotions[J].Journal of the Philosophy of Sport,2013,1(40):180-184.
[25]徐德清.趣味美学[M].济南:山东人民出版社,2014:247.
[26]皮海兵.大学美学[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2014:48.
[27]乔治·桑塔亚纳.艺术中的理性[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2014:176.
[28]搜狐新闻.奥运囧研究:伦敦奥运会上谁最爱哭?[EB/OL].[2012-08-10].http://learning.sohu.com/20120810/n350317595.shtml.
[29]刘长庚.大学通用艺术欣赏与审美教程[M].上海:上海人民美术出版社,2010:114.
[2]Tim L.Elcombe.Sport,Aesthetic Experience,and Art as the Ideal Embodied Metaphor[J].Journal of the Philosophy of Sport,39(2):201-217.
[3]谭扬芳,向杰.马克思主义视域下的体验美学[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2014:149.
[4]王岳川.20世纪西方心理学美学的演进[J].广东社会科学,2013(1):183-194.
[5]杜高山.从分析到实践:舒斯特曼身体美学与体育研究[J].体育科学,2014,34(11):74-79.
[6]麦克·阿盖尔.宗教心理学导论[M].陈彪,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005:77-81.
[7]Pilka B,Ladd K.L,McIntosh D.N.The Content of Religious Experience:The Roles of Expectancy and Desirability[J].The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion,1996,6(2):95-105.
[8]金泽,梁恒豪.宗教心理学(第1辑)[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2013:149.
[9]阿伦·古特曼.从仪式到记录:现代体育的本质[M].花勇民,译.北京:北京体育大学出版社,2012:21.
[10]梁宁建.当代认知心理学[M].上海:上海教育出版社,2014:320.
[11]林冈.《人类知识原理》研究——贝克莱“存在就是被感知”批判[M].西安:西北大学出版社,2003:200.
[12]梅洛·庞蒂.知觉现象学[M].姜志辉,译.北京:商务印书馆,2012.
[13]朱立元.美学大辞典[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,2014:100.
[14]万书元.论审美体验[J].江苏社会科学,2006(4):16-19.
[15]杜高山,周爱光.席勒有戏美学初探[J].体育学刊,2015,22(6):14-18.
[16]Janell Hobson.The"batty"politic:Toward an aesthetics of the Black female body[J].Hypatia,2003,18(4):87-105.
[17]高强.知觉、判断力与范例——从两种体育审美体验谈起[J].体育科学,2013,33(5):92-96.
[18]李金辉.多维视域内的现象学研究[M].北京:人民出版社,2014:131.
[19]罗利建.情感美学:论美和美感[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2014:3-10.
[20]彭立勋.审美学现代建构论[M].深圳:海天出版社,2014:99.
[21]杜高山.康德美学视域下的体育审美理论刍议——基于《判断力批判》的体育美学探究[J].体育科学,2012,32(7):85-90.
[22]Stephen Mumford,.Watching Sport:Aesthetics,Ethics and Emotions[M].London and New York:Taylor and Francis,2011:136.
[23]Daniel L W,Frederick G.G,Ryan K Z,et al.Motivational Profiles of Sport Fans of Different Sports[J].Sport Marketing Quarterly,2008(17):6-19.
[24]Paul Gaffneya.Watching Sport:Aesthetics,Ethics and Emotions[J].Journal of the Philosophy of Sport,2013,1(40):180-184.
[25]徐德清.趣味美学[M].济南:山东人民出版社,2014:247.
[26]皮海兵.大学美学[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2014:48.
[27]乔治·桑塔亚纳.艺术中的理性[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2014:176.
[28]搜狐新闻.奥运囧研究:伦敦奥运会上谁最爱哭?[EB/OL].[2012-08-10].http://learning.sohu.com/20120810/n350317595.shtml.
[29]刘长庚.大学通用艺术欣赏与审美教程[M].上海:上海人民美术出版社,2010:114.