以配额制激励可再生能源的需求与供给国家可再生能源市场机制设计
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摘要
针对中国可再生能源消纳面临的挑战,设计了基于配额制的国家可再生能源市场及其与省级日前市场的协调机制、国家绿色证书市场和激励可再生能源准确预测自身出力的偏差电量结算机制。在国家层面,以跨区跨省交易总剩余最大化为目标,构建了内嵌输电成本的国家可再生能源市场出清模型;在省级层面,将国家可再生能源市场出清结果作为可松弛的边界条件,构建了多目标的省级日前市场出清模型。算例分析验证了所述机制的有效性。提出的机制能够实现以配额制的方式激励可再生能源的需求与供给,以市场的方式发现可再生能源的真实成本及其正外部性的货币价值,引导可再生能源和电网投资规划,激励市场成员提升可再生能源发电的预测水平。
In response to the challenge of renewable energy accommodation in China,the mechanism design of national renewable energy market(NREM)is proposed.The coordinating mechanism between the NREM and provincial day-ahead market is designed.The national green certificate market is proposed.A settlement mechanism for electricity quantity deviation is proposed to incent renewable energy farms to improve their forecast accuracy.On the national level,the NREM clearing model is constructed.The objective is to maximize the total surplus and to incorporate the transmission cost.On the provincial level,a multi-objective day-ahead market clearing model is established.The NREM clearing results are taken as relaxed boundaries.The case study verifies the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism.The proposed mechanism can incent the demand and supply of renewable energy with renewable portfolio standard,help discover the true cost of renewable energy and the positive externalities of the renewable energy,guide renewable energy and power grid planning,and encourage market participants to improve their forecast accuracy.
In response to the challenge of renewable energy accommodation in China,the mechanism design of national renewable energy market(NREM)is proposed.The coordinating mechanism between the NREM and provincial day-ahead market is designed.The national green certificate market is proposed.A settlement mechanism for electricity quantity deviation is proposed to incent renewable energy farms to improve their forecast accuracy.On the national level,the NREM clearing model is constructed.The objective is to maximize the total surplus and to incorporate the transmission cost.On the provincial level,a multi-objective day-ahead market clearing model is established.The NREM clearing results are taken as relaxed boundaries.The case study verifies the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism.The proposed mechanism can incent the demand and supply of renewable energy with renewable portfolio standard,help discover the true cost of renewable energy and the positive externalities of the renewable energy,guide renewable energy and power grid planning,and encourage market participants to improve their forecast accuracy.
引文
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[17]邹斌,赵妍,李晓刚,等.跨省跨区清洁能源消纳补偿的市场机制研究[J].电网技术,2016,40(2):595-601.ZOU Bin,ZHAO Yan,LI Xiaogang,et al.Market mechanism research on trans-provincial and trans-regional clean energy consumption and compensation[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(2):595-601.
[18]华夏,罗凡,张建华,等.促进新能源消纳的自备电厂发电权交易模式可行性探讨[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(12):200-206.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150413002.HUA Xia,LUO Fan,ZHANG Jianhua,et al.Feasibility analysis of trade mode promoting new energy consumption based on generation rights trade of self-generation power plants[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(12):200-206.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150413002.
[19]陈典,钟海旺,夏清.基于全成本电价的安全约束经济调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(5):1190-1199.CHEN Dian,ZHONG Haiwang,XIA Qing.Security constrained economic dispatch based on total cost price[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(5):1190-1199.
[20]MA Z,ZHONG H,WANG J,et al.A matchmaking based day-ahead market design in China[C]//IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference,November 28-December1,2016,Melbourne,Australia.
[21]CARRIN M,ARROYO J M.A computationally efficient mixed-integer linear formulation for the thermal unit commitment problem[J].IEEE Trans on power systems,2006,21(3):1371-1378.
[2]周少鹏,谢旭轩,任东明,等.澳大利亚可再生能源配额制及对我国的启示[J].中国能源,2012,34(2):29-33.
[3]OFGEM.About the RO[EB/OL].[2016-12-27].https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/environmental-programmes/ro/about-ro.
[4]Renewable Energy&Energy Efficiency Partnership.Emerging market for green certificates[EB/OL].[2016-12-27].http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/csd/csd15/lc/reep_emgc.pdf.
[5]康重庆,杜尔顺,张宁,等.可再生能源参与电力市场:综述与展望[J].南方电网技术,2016,10(3):16-23.KANG Chongqing,DU Ershun,ZHANG Ning,et al.Renewable energy trading in electricity market:review and prospect[J].Southern Power System Technology,2016,10(3):16-23.
[6]HAULIN A.Wind power and electricity markets—a study of wind power capacity,trade and prices on the Nordic electricity market[D].Sweden:Lund University,2014.
[7]邹鹏,陈启鑫,夏清,等.国外电力现货市场建设的逻辑分析及对中国的启示与建议[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(13):18-27.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20140219003.ZOU Peng,CHEN Qixin,XIA Qing,et al.Logical analysis of electricity spot market design in foreign countries and enlightenment and policy suggestions for China[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(13):18-27.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20140219003.
[8]Utility Wind Integration Group.Wind power and electricity markets—a living summary of markets and market rules for wind energy and capacity in North America[EB/OL].[2016-12-2 7].https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e 2ef/a17e377a84341b2bd90638bbd1c6a0905fd2.pdf.
[9]BOTTERUD A,WANG J,MIRANDA V,et al.Wind power forecasting in US electricity markets[J].The Electricity Journal,2010,23(3):71-82.
[10]California ISO.Integration of renewable resources[EB/OL].[2016-12-27].http://www.uwig.org/CAISO-20PercentRPS.pdf.
[11]National Renewable Energy Laboratory.Wind and solar energy curtailment:experience and practices in the United States[EB/OL].[2016-12-27].http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60983.pdf.
[12]Utility Variable-Generation Integration Group.Variable generation and electricity markets[EB/OL].[2016-12-28].http://uvig.org/wp-content/uploads/2 0 1 5/0 5/VGinmarketstableApr2015.pdf.
[13]谢旭轩,王田,任东明.美国可再生能源配额制最新进展及对我国的启示[J].中国能源,2012,34(3):33-37.
[14]谢国辉,李琼慧,王乾坤,等.可再生能源配额制的国外实践及相关启示[J].能源技术经济,2012,24(7):19-22.XIE Guohui,LI Qionghui,WANG Qiankun,et al.Practice and lessons of renewable portfolio standard in foreign countries[J].Energy Technology&Economics,2012,24(7):19-22.
[15]任东明.中国可再生能源配额制和实施对策探讨[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(22):25-28.REN Dongming.China’s renewable portfolio standards and implementing countermeasures[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(22):25-28.
[16]石晶.我国可再生能源电力配额制及证书交易研究[D].广州:华东理工大学,2013.
[17]邹斌,赵妍,李晓刚,等.跨省跨区清洁能源消纳补偿的市场机制研究[J].电网技术,2016,40(2):595-601.ZOU Bin,ZHAO Yan,LI Xiaogang,et al.Market mechanism research on trans-provincial and trans-regional clean energy consumption and compensation[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(2):595-601.
[18]华夏,罗凡,张建华,等.促进新能源消纳的自备电厂发电权交易模式可行性探讨[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(12):200-206.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150413002.HUA Xia,LUO Fan,ZHANG Jianhua,et al.Feasibility analysis of trade mode promoting new energy consumption based on generation rights trade of self-generation power plants[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(12):200-206.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150413002.
[19]陈典,钟海旺,夏清.基于全成本电价的安全约束经济调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(5):1190-1199.CHEN Dian,ZHONG Haiwang,XIA Qing.Security constrained economic dispatch based on total cost price[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(5):1190-1199.
[20]MA Z,ZHONG H,WANG J,et al.A matchmaking based day-ahead market design in China[C]//IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference,November 28-December1,2016,Melbourne,Australia.
[21]CARRIN M,ARROYO J M.A computationally efficient mixed-integer linear formulation for the thermal unit commitment problem[J].IEEE Trans on power systems,2006,21(3):1371-1378.