塑料大棚葡萄生长与气象条件分析
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摘要
以塑料大棚葡萄为研究对象,观测了2016年大棚内葡萄生长期以及大棚内外小气候数据,研究分析了塑料大棚内葡萄生长特性和气象要素特点。结果表明:棚内外气温温差约15℃,棚内气温于14:00左右达到最高值,较棚外最高气温出现时间早1~2h;棚内20cm地温普遍较棚外高5~7℃,棚内地温达到葡萄根系活动的时间较棚外早13d;棚外葡萄从发芽至成熟用时110d,棚内葡萄用时101d,较棚外提前9d成熟;萌芽至开花棚内较棚外用时明显减少,棚内较棚外提前了13d,着色至成熟棚内较棚外用时长,棚内较棚外推迟了2d;根据品质检测结果得知棚内外的葡萄品质差异较大,棚内葡萄的糖、酸、可溶性固形物含量均高于棚外,棚外的维生素C含量具有明显的优势,棚内葡萄较棚外着色要好。
The grape of plastic greenhouse in Langfang city was taken as the research object.The grape growth parameters and the meteorological data inside and outside the plastic greenhouse were observed in 2016.The characteristics of grape growth and meteorological factors were analyze.The results showed that the relative temperature was around 15 ℃ between inside and outside,the inside temperature was peak around 14:00,was the highest temperature appeared earlier 1-2 hours of outside.Inside the plastic greenhouse 20 cm soil temperature generally was higher than the outside 5-7℃,the temperatureof inside reached the grape root activity time was earlier than the outside for13 days.The grapes that were outside the plastic greenhouse from germination to maturity used110 days,and grapes of inside used 101 days.A difference of 9 days between inside and outside the plastic greenhouse.Compared with the outside,the inside germination period to maturity was shorter13 days,coloring to maturity was longer 2 days.According to the test results,between inside and outside grape quality difference was greater.The contents of sugar,acid,soluble solids were more higher inside the plastic greenhouse,but the vitamin C content was higher than that was outside the plastic greenhouse.The grape inside the plastic greenhouse was colored better.
The grape of plastic greenhouse in Langfang city was taken as the research object.The grape growth parameters and the meteorological data inside and outside the plastic greenhouse were observed in 2016.The characteristics of grape growth and meteorological factors were analyze.The results showed that the relative temperature was around 15 ℃ between inside and outside,the inside temperature was peak around 14:00,was the highest temperature appeared earlier 1-2 hours of outside.Inside the plastic greenhouse 20 cm soil temperature generally was higher than the outside 5-7℃,the temperatureof inside reached the grape root activity time was earlier than the outside for13 days.The grapes that were outside the plastic greenhouse from germination to maturity used110 days,and grapes of inside used 101 days.A difference of 9 days between inside and outside the plastic greenhouse.Compared with the outside,the inside germination period to maturity was shorter13 days,coloring to maturity was longer 2 days.According to the test results,between inside and outside grape quality difference was greater.The contents of sugar,acid,soluble solids were more higher inside the plastic greenhouse,but the vitamin C content was higher than that was outside the plastic greenhouse.The grape inside the plastic greenhouse was colored better.
引文
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[19]蒯传化,刘三军,吴国良,等.葡萄日灼病阈值温度及主要影响因子分析[J].园艺学报,2009,36(8):1093-1098.
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[2]陈丹,范万新,梁萍,等.夏季不同结构塑料大棚的小气候特征[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2008,36(11):183-190.
[3]陈丹,范万新,卢明,等.桂南地区夏季单栋塑料大棚小气候特征分析[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(10):3995-3998.
[4]陈丹,范万新,梁运波,等.桂南地区冬季单栋塑料大棚小气候特征分析[J].长江蔬菜(学术版),2009(1b):36-39.
[5]陈丹,范万新,谭敏玲,等.南宁市大棚越冬种植彩色甜椒小气候评价及调控建议[J].气象研究与应用,2013,34(1):48-51.
[6]吉中礼,崔鸿文.塑料大棚小气候变化规律分析[J].西北农业学报,1997,6(1):61-64.
[7]符国槐,张波,杨再强,等.塑料大棚小气候特征及预报模型的研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(13):242-248.
[8]李倩,申双和,陶苏林,等.基于谐波法的塑料大棚内气温日变化模拟[J].中国农业气象,2014,35(1):33-41.
[9]李倩,申双和,曹雯,等.南方塑料大棚冬春季温湿度的神经网络模拟[J].中国农业气象,2012,33(2):190-196.
[10]于盛楠,闫立奇,肖峰,等.北方春季塑料大棚小气候月变化分析[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(7):3559-3560,3574.
[11]于盛楠,闫立奇,肖峰,等.不同天气背景下春季大棚小气候变化分析[J].农业现代化研究,2007,28(3):377-380.
[12]陈建军,王正义,陈海洋.宁夏日光温室与塑料大棚环境对比分析[J].北方园艺,2014(10):36-39.
[13]林瑞坤,杨开甲,陈彦,等.福州春季塑料大棚内土壤温度日变化特征及其对棚内气温的响应[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(2):193-196.
[14]刘可群,黎明锋,杨文刚.大棚小气候特征及其与大气候的关系[J].气象,2008,34(7):101-107.
[15]张俊环,黄卫东.葡萄幼苗在温度逆境交叉适应过程中活性氧及抗氧化酶的变化[J].园艺学报,2007,34(5):1073-1080.
[16]张俊环,黄卫东.葡萄幼苗在温度胁迫交叉适应过程中对水杨酸的应答[J].植物生理学通讯,2007,43(4):643-648.
[17]康喜亮,王果平,胡伟,等.高温逆境下葡萄叶肉细胞叶绿体与线粒体位置相关性分析[J].西北农业学报,2006,15(2):120-123.
[18]查倩,奚晓军,蒋爱丽,等.高温条件下’巨玫瑰’葡萄品种叶片表型、可溶性糖和叶绿素荧光特性的研究[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(25):118-123.
[19]蒯传化,刘三军,吴国良,等.葡萄日灼病阈值温度及主要影响因子分析[J].园艺学报,2009,36(8):1093-1098.
[20]中国气象局.地面气象观测规范第1部分:总则:QX/T45-2007[S].北京:气象出版社,2007.