山羊毛虱的形态结构和分子标志研究
|
摘要
为了解山羊毛虱形态结构和分子标志,用电子显微镜和三维立体显微镜观察了采自山羊的山羊毛虱形态结构,测定了其18SrDNA和cox1基因序列,并基于比对,揭示其序列特点。形态观察发现,触角3节,第1节短粗,第2、3节细长;中胸气门1对,位于前胸两侧;腹部有气门6对;跗节3节。序列分析显示,本样虱、山羊毛虱、具边毛虱和牛毛虱四者的18SrDNA基因序列高度相似,不适于做种间鉴定。cox1序列极不保守。
Characteristics of molecular markers and morphological structure of Bovicola caprae in goats were observed in this study.The 3 DSuper Depth Digital Microscope of field three-dimensional microscope system and scanning electron microscope were used to observe the morphology characteristics,and 18 S rRNA and cox1 genes of the lice in goats were cloned and sequenced;Subsequently,the sequences were blasted in NCBI and analyzed.The results showed that there are 3 joints of antenna in the lice,and the first segment of antenna is thick compared with the rest of joints of antenna which is similar.There are one pair of spiracles in the mesothorax and six pairs on the abdomen.The tarsus is three segmented.Results of sequence alignment suggested that 18 SrDNA gene is highly similar with the published sequences in the GenBank among the samples,Bovicola caprae,Bocucila limbata and Bocucila bovis,therefore,it cannot be used to identify the species.Meanwhile,the cox1 gene sequence has enormous differences.
Characteristics of molecular markers and morphological structure of Bovicola caprae in goats were observed in this study.The 3 DSuper Depth Digital Microscope of field three-dimensional microscope system and scanning electron microscope were used to observe the morphology characteristics,and 18 S rRNA and cox1 genes of the lice in goats were cloned and sequenced;Subsequently,the sequences were blasted in NCBI and analyzed.The results showed that there are 3 joints of antenna in the lice,and the first segment of antenna is thick compared with the rest of joints of antenna which is similar.There are one pair of spiracles in the mesothorax and six pairs on the abdomen.The tarsus is three segmented.Results of sequence alignment suggested that 18 SrDNA gene is highly similar with the published sequences in the GenBank among the samples,Bovicola caprae,Bocucila limbata and Bocucila bovis,therefore,it cannot be used to identify the species.Meanwhile,the cox1 gene sequence has enormous differences.
引文
[1] Ajith Y,Dimri U,Singh S K,et al.Lice induced immuno-oxidative wreckage of goats[J].Vet Parasitol,2017,242:24-30.
[2]陈天铎.实用兽医昆虫学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[3] Folmer O,Black M,Hoeh W,et al.DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates[J].Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol,1994,3(5):294-299.
[4] Cameron S L,Yoshizawa K,Mizukoshi A,et al.Mitochondrial genome deletions and minicircles are common in lice(Insecta:Phthiraptera)[J].BMC Genomics,2011,12:394.
[5] Levot G W,Johnson P W,Hughes P B,et al.Pyrethroid resistance in Australian field populations of the sheep body louse,Bovicola(Damalinia)ovis[J].Med Vet Entomol,1995,9(1):59-65.
[6] Wei D D,Shao R,Yuan M L,et al.The multipartite mitochondrial genome of Liposcelis bostrychophila:insights into the evolution of mitochondrial genomes in bilateral animals[J].PLoS One,2012,7(3):e33973.
[7] Mikac K M,Fitzsimmons N N.Genetic structure and dispersal patterns of the invasive psocid Liposcelis decolor(Pearman)in Australian grain storage systems[J].Bull Entomol Res,2010,100(5):521-527.
[8] Lavrov D V.Key transitions in animal evolution:a mitochondrial DNA perspective[J].Integr Comp Biol,2007,47(5):734-743.
[9] Yuan M L,Wei D D,Wang B J,et al.The complete mitochondrial genome of the citrus red mite Panonychus citri(Acari:Tetranychidae):high genome rearrangement and extremely truncated tRNAs[J].BMC Genomics,2010,11:597.
[10] Helfenbein K G,Fourcade H M,Vanjani R G,et al.he mitochondrial genome of Paraspadella gotoi is highly reduced and reveals that chaetognaths are a sister group to protostomes[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2004,101(29):10639-10643.
[11] Domes K,Maraun M,Scheu S,et al.The complete mitochondrial genome of the sexual oribatid mite Steganacarus magnus:genome rearrangements and loss of tRNAs[J].BMC Genomics,2008,9:532.
[12] Phillips W S,Brown A M,Howe D K,et al.The mitochondrial genome of Globodera ellingtonae is composed of two circles with segregated gene content and differential copy numbers[J].BMC Genomics,2016,17:706.
[13] Herd K E,Barker S C,Shao R.The mitochondrial genome of the chimpanzee louse,Pediculus schaeffi:insights into the process of mitochondrial genome fragmentation in the bloodsucking lice of great apes[J].BMC Genomics,2015,16:661.
[14] Dong W G,Song S,Jin D C,et al.Fragmented mitochondrial genomes of the rat lice,Polyplax asiatica and Polyplax spinulosa:intra-genus variation in fragmentation pattern and apossible link between the extent of fragmentation and the length of life cycle[J].BMC Genomics,2014,15:44.
[15] Shi Y,Chu Q,Wei D D,et al.The mitochondrial genome of booklouse,Liposcelis sculptilis(Psocoptera:Liposcelididae)and the evolutionary timescale of Liposcelis[J].Sci Rep,2016,6:30660.
[16] Feng S,Yang Q,Li H,et al.The highly divergent mitochondrial genomes indicate that the booklouse,Liposcelis bostrychophila(Psocoptera:Liposcelididae)is a cryptic species[J].G3(Bethesda),2018,8(3):1039-1047.
[17] Shao R,Kirkness E F,Barker S C.The single mitochondrial chromosome typical of animals has evolved into 18minichromosomes in the human body louse,Pediculus humanus[J].Genome Res,2009,19(5):904-912.
[18] Shao R F,Zhu X Q,Barker S C,et al.Evolution of extensively fragmented mitochondrial genomes in the lice of humans[J].Genome Biol Evol,2012,4(11):1088-1101.
[19] Shao R,Barker S C,Li H,et al.Fragmented mitochondrial genomes in two suborders of parasitic lice of eutherian mammals(Anoplura and Rhynchophthirina,Insecta)[J].Sci Rep,2015,5:17389.
[2]陈天铎.实用兽医昆虫学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[3] Folmer O,Black M,Hoeh W,et al.DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates[J].Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol,1994,3(5):294-299.
[4] Cameron S L,Yoshizawa K,Mizukoshi A,et al.Mitochondrial genome deletions and minicircles are common in lice(Insecta:Phthiraptera)[J].BMC Genomics,2011,12:394.
[5] Levot G W,Johnson P W,Hughes P B,et al.Pyrethroid resistance in Australian field populations of the sheep body louse,Bovicola(Damalinia)ovis[J].Med Vet Entomol,1995,9(1):59-65.
[6] Wei D D,Shao R,Yuan M L,et al.The multipartite mitochondrial genome of Liposcelis bostrychophila:insights into the evolution of mitochondrial genomes in bilateral animals[J].PLoS One,2012,7(3):e33973.
[7] Mikac K M,Fitzsimmons N N.Genetic structure and dispersal patterns of the invasive psocid Liposcelis decolor(Pearman)in Australian grain storage systems[J].Bull Entomol Res,2010,100(5):521-527.
[8] Lavrov D V.Key transitions in animal evolution:a mitochondrial DNA perspective[J].Integr Comp Biol,2007,47(5):734-743.
[9] Yuan M L,Wei D D,Wang B J,et al.The complete mitochondrial genome of the citrus red mite Panonychus citri(Acari:Tetranychidae):high genome rearrangement and extremely truncated tRNAs[J].BMC Genomics,2010,11:597.
[10] Helfenbein K G,Fourcade H M,Vanjani R G,et al.he mitochondrial genome of Paraspadella gotoi is highly reduced and reveals that chaetognaths are a sister group to protostomes[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2004,101(29):10639-10643.
[11] Domes K,Maraun M,Scheu S,et al.The complete mitochondrial genome of the sexual oribatid mite Steganacarus magnus:genome rearrangements and loss of tRNAs[J].BMC Genomics,2008,9:532.
[12] Phillips W S,Brown A M,Howe D K,et al.The mitochondrial genome of Globodera ellingtonae is composed of two circles with segregated gene content and differential copy numbers[J].BMC Genomics,2016,17:706.
[13] Herd K E,Barker S C,Shao R.The mitochondrial genome of the chimpanzee louse,Pediculus schaeffi:insights into the process of mitochondrial genome fragmentation in the bloodsucking lice of great apes[J].BMC Genomics,2015,16:661.
[14] Dong W G,Song S,Jin D C,et al.Fragmented mitochondrial genomes of the rat lice,Polyplax asiatica and Polyplax spinulosa:intra-genus variation in fragmentation pattern and apossible link between the extent of fragmentation and the length of life cycle[J].BMC Genomics,2014,15:44.
[15] Shi Y,Chu Q,Wei D D,et al.The mitochondrial genome of booklouse,Liposcelis sculptilis(Psocoptera:Liposcelididae)and the evolutionary timescale of Liposcelis[J].Sci Rep,2016,6:30660.
[16] Feng S,Yang Q,Li H,et al.The highly divergent mitochondrial genomes indicate that the booklouse,Liposcelis bostrychophila(Psocoptera:Liposcelididae)is a cryptic species[J].G3(Bethesda),2018,8(3):1039-1047.
[17] Shao R,Kirkness E F,Barker S C.The single mitochondrial chromosome typical of animals has evolved into 18minichromosomes in the human body louse,Pediculus humanus[J].Genome Res,2009,19(5):904-912.
[18] Shao R F,Zhu X Q,Barker S C,et al.Evolution of extensively fragmented mitochondrial genomes in the lice of humans[J].Genome Biol Evol,2012,4(11):1088-1101.
[19] Shao R,Barker S C,Li H,et al.Fragmented mitochondrial genomes in two suborders of parasitic lice of eutherian mammals(Anoplura and Rhynchophthirina,Insecta)[J].Sci Rep,2015,5:17389.