不同脂肪源对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能、体成分、血清生化指标、体组织脂肪酸组成及抗氧化能力的影响
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摘要
为研究不同脂肪源对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能、体成分、血清生化指标、体组织脂肪酸组成及抗氧化能力的影响,进行为期8周的养殖实验。实验配制了4种分别添加有椰子油(CO)、苏子油(PO)、葵花籽油(SO)、鱼油与葵花籽油1∶1混合油(FO/SO)的等氮等脂的饲料,喂养平均初始体质量为(1.52±0.00)g的黄颡鱼幼鱼。实验结果显示:不同脂肪源对黄颡鱼终末体质量(FBW)、增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和成活率(SR)均无显著影响,对饲料系数(FCR)影响显著,各组SR均在95%以上。各组间的肝体比(HSI)、肥满度(CF)均有显著性差异,而脏体比(VSI)和肠脂比(IPR)无显著性差异。HSI和CF均以鱼油与葵花籽油1∶1混合油(FO/SO)组最高,葵花籽油(SO)组最低。黄颡鱼的鱼体水分、粗蛋白和灰分不受饲料脂肪源的影响,而椰子油(CO)组的粗脂肪含量显著高于其他3组,为10.51%,剩余3组间无显著性差异。饲料中脂肪源对黄颡鱼肌肉、肝脏组织脂肪酸组成和含量影响显著,并且肌肉和肝脏中脂肪酸含量变化与饲料中相应脂肪酸含量变化基本一致,椰子油(CO)组组织中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量最高,苏子油(PO)组组织中亚麻酸(ALA)和n-3 PUFA含量最高,葵花籽油(SO)组组织中亚油酸(LA)和n-6 PUFA含量最高,而鱼油与葵花籽油1∶1混合油(FO/SO)组组织中脂肪酸较为均衡。黄颡鱼血清中的总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLOB)、白蛋白/球蛋白(A/G)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆固醇(CHOL)、甘油三酯(TG)、血糖(GLU)、肌酸激酶(CK)含量不受饲料脂肪源的影响。各组黄颡鱼肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽S转移酶(GST)活性有显著差异。椰子油(CO)组的SOD和GST活性最高,而MDA含量最低。研究表明,在添加豆油的基础上,椰子油、苏子油、葵花籽油和鱼油与葵花籽油1∶1混合油都可以用作黄颡鱼饲料的脂肪源;证实了鱼体组织中脂肪酸组成基本可以反映饲料脂肪酸组成,并且说明了黄颡鱼具有延长和去饱和ALA和LA的能力。
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of different lipid sources on growth performance, body composition, the serum biochemical indices, fatty acids composition and antioxidant capacity in juvenile yellow catfish. Four isoproteic and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain different lipid sources:coconut oil, perilla oil, sunflower oil, fish oil+sunflower oil(1∶1) mix oil, respectively, on the basis of adding soybean oil. Each diet was randomly assigned to feed three replicate groups of juvenile yellow catfish whose initial body weight was approximately(1.52±0.00) g. The results showed that the different dietary lipid sources didn't have significant influence on final body weight(FBW), weight gain rate(WGR), specific growth rate(SGR) and survival rate(SR), but had significant differences in feed conversion ratio(FCR). The SR of all groups was more than 95%. The hepatosomatic index(HSI) and condition factor(CF) showed significant differences among all groups. However, they didn't have significant differences in the viscerosomatic index(VSI) and intraperitoneal fat ratio(IPR). The HSI and CF of fish fed fish oil+sunflower oil(1∶1) mix oil were significantly higher than other groups. The moisture, the crude protein, the ash content were not significantly affected by lipid sources. But the crude lipid of fish fed coconut oil, which was 10.51%, was significantly higher than other groups. Fatty acid composition of muscle and liver in fish generally reflected the composition of the diet. Furthermore, the different dietary lipid sources had significant differences in the fatty acid composition in the muscle and liver. The saturated fatty acid(SFA) content of fish fed coconut oil was the highest, the α-linolenic acid(ALA) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-3 PUFA) content of fish fed perilla oil the were the highest, the linoleic acid(LA) and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-6 PUFA) content of fish fed sunflower oil were the highest, and the fatty acid composition of fish fed fish oil+sunflower oil(1∶1) mix oil is more balanced. No significant difference was found among all treatments in total protein(TP), albumin(ALB), globulin(GLOB), A/G, aspartate aminotransferase(AST), total cholesterol(CHOL), triglyceride(TG), blood glucose(GLU) and creatine kinase(CK) in the serum. While the activities of sulyperoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA) and glutathione S-transferase(GST) in liver were significantly influenced by lipid sources. Fish fed coconut oil had significantly higher activity of SOD as well as GST, but lower content of MDA, in serum than the other treatments. These results indicate that coconut oil, perilla oil, sunflower oil and fish oil+sunflower oil(1∶1) mix oil can be used as dietary lipid sources of yellow catfish, on the basis of adding soybean oil. And the fatty acid composition of fish body basically reflected the fatty acid composition of diet and the essential fatty acids of freshwater fish were LA and ALA.
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of different lipid sources on growth performance, body composition, the serum biochemical indices, fatty acids composition and antioxidant capacity in juvenile yellow catfish. Four isoproteic and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain different lipid sources:coconut oil, perilla oil, sunflower oil, fish oil+sunflower oil(1∶1) mix oil, respectively, on the basis of adding soybean oil. Each diet was randomly assigned to feed three replicate groups of juvenile yellow catfish whose initial body weight was approximately(1.52±0.00) g. The results showed that the different dietary lipid sources didn't have significant influence on final body weight(FBW), weight gain rate(WGR), specific growth rate(SGR) and survival rate(SR), but had significant differences in feed conversion ratio(FCR). The SR of all groups was more than 95%. The hepatosomatic index(HSI) and condition factor(CF) showed significant differences among all groups. However, they didn't have significant differences in the viscerosomatic index(VSI) and intraperitoneal fat ratio(IPR). The HSI and CF of fish fed fish oil+sunflower oil(1∶1) mix oil were significantly higher than other groups. The moisture, the crude protein, the ash content were not significantly affected by lipid sources. But the crude lipid of fish fed coconut oil, which was 10.51%, was significantly higher than other groups. Fatty acid composition of muscle and liver in fish generally reflected the composition of the diet. Furthermore, the different dietary lipid sources had significant differences in the fatty acid composition in the muscle and liver. The saturated fatty acid(SFA) content of fish fed coconut oil was the highest, the α-linolenic acid(ALA) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-3 PUFA) content of fish fed perilla oil the were the highest, the linoleic acid(LA) and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-6 PUFA) content of fish fed sunflower oil were the highest, and the fatty acid composition of fish fed fish oil+sunflower oil(1∶1) mix oil is more balanced. No significant difference was found among all treatments in total protein(TP), albumin(ALB), globulin(GLOB), A/G, aspartate aminotransferase(AST), total cholesterol(CHOL), triglyceride(TG), blood glucose(GLU) and creatine kinase(CK) in the serum. While the activities of sulyperoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA) and glutathione S-transferase(GST) in liver were significantly influenced by lipid sources. Fish fed coconut oil had significantly higher activity of SOD as well as GST, but lower content of MDA, in serum than the other treatments. These results indicate that coconut oil, perilla oil, sunflower oil and fish oil+sunflower oil(1∶1) mix oil can be used as dietary lipid sources of yellow catfish, on the basis of adding soybean oil. And the fatty acid composition of fish body basically reflected the fatty acid composition of diet and the essential fatty acids of freshwater fish were LA and ALA.
引文
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