饲料碳水化合物水平对洛氏鱥生长、饲料利用及非特异性免疫的影响
|
摘要
【目的】探讨饲料中添加不同水平碳水化合物对洛氏鱥(Rhynchocypris lagowskii Dybowski)生长、饲料利用及非特异性免疫的影响。【方法】选取洛氏鱥幼鱼((7.64±0.04)g/尾)为研究对象,配制5种等氮(360.0g/kg)、等脂肪(60.0g/kg)及碳水化合物水平分别为0.0%(对照组),10.0%,16.0%,22.0%和28.0%的试验饲料,在控温单循环养殖系统中进行为期8周的饲养试验。试验结束后测算洛氏鱥生长性能指标,并采用国际标准方法测定洛氏鱥肌肉主要营养成分,采用试剂盒测定洛氏鱥肝胰脏中碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和溶菌酶(LZM)的活性。【结果】在本试验条件下,洛氏鱥终末体质量、体质量增加率、特定生长率、饲料效率、蛋白质效率均随碳水化合物水平的升高呈先增加后降低的趋势,其中以16.0%碳水化合物水平组最高,其洛氏鱥的终末体质量、体质量增加率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。用折线回归模型拟合得出,当体质量增加率达到最大时,饲料中碳水化合物最适水平为15.84%;当特定生长率达到最大时,饲料中碳水化合物最适水平为15.94%。28.0%碳水化合物水平组洛氏鱥肌肉中粗脂肪含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其他组与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);除10.0%和16.0%碳水化合物水平组粗蛋白质含量与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)外,其他组显著低于对照组(P<0.05);洛氏鱥肝胰脏的AKP、LZM和ACP活性随饲料碳水化合物的增加呈先上升后下降趋势,其中16.0%,22.0%,28.0%组AKP和ACP活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),22.0%和28.0%组肝胰脏的LZM活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05);SOD活性随碳水化合物水平的升高呈下降趋势,且10.0%,16.0%,22.0%,28.0%组均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。【结论】在本试验条件下,洛氏鱥幼鱼配合饲料中适宜的碳水化合物水平为15.84%～15.94%。
【Objective】The effects of different dietary carbohydrate levels on growth performance,feed utilization and non-specific immunity indexes of Rhynchocypris lagowskii Dybowski were evaluated.【Method】R.lagowskii Dybowski with initial weight of(7.64±0.04)g/tail were assigned to five groupsfed with isonitrogenous(crude protein 360.0g/kg and 60.0g/kg lipid)formulated diets containing 0.0%,10.0%,16.0%,22.0%,and 28.0%carbohydrates for 8weeks.After the feeding trial,growth performance was calculated,muscle nutrients were determined using national standard methods,and activities of serum alkaline acid enzyme(AKP),acid phosphatase(ACP),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and lysozyme(LZM)were measured.【Result】In this experiment,with the increase of carbohydrate level,body weight,weight gain rate,feed efficiency ratio,specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio increased initially and then decreased after the peaks at 16.0%,which had significantly higher body weight,weight gain rate and feed efficiency ratio than those in control group(P<0.05).By the polyline regression model,weight gain rate reached the maximum at the carbohydrate level of 15.84%and specific growth rate reached the maximum at carbohydrate level of 15.94%.When the feed carbohydrate level was 28.0%,crude fat was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference between other groups and control group(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in crude protein when the feed carbohydrate levels were 10.0%and 16.0%(P>0.05),but crude protein in other groups was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).When the feed carbohydrate levels were 16.0%,22.0% and28.0%,the activities of AKP and ACP were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05).When the feed carbohydrate levels were 22.0%and 28.0%,the activity of LZM in hepatopancreas was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).With the increase of carbohydrate level,the activity of SOD decreased,and it was significantly lower than that in control group when the feed carbohydrate levels were 10.0%,16.0%,22.0%and 28.0%(P<0.05).【Conclusion】According to this experiment,the suitable carbohydrate level in formulated diets of juvenile P.lagowskii Dybowski is 15.84%-15.94%.
【Objective】The effects of different dietary carbohydrate levels on growth performance,feed utilization and non-specific immunity indexes of Rhynchocypris lagowskii Dybowski were evaluated.【Method】R.lagowskii Dybowski with initial weight of(7.64±0.04)g/tail were assigned to five groupsfed with isonitrogenous(crude protein 360.0g/kg and 60.0g/kg lipid)formulated diets containing 0.0%,10.0%,16.0%,22.0%,and 28.0%carbohydrates for 8weeks.After the feeding trial,growth performance was calculated,muscle nutrients were determined using national standard methods,and activities of serum alkaline acid enzyme(AKP),acid phosphatase(ACP),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and lysozyme(LZM)were measured.【Result】In this experiment,with the increase of carbohydrate level,body weight,weight gain rate,feed efficiency ratio,specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio increased initially and then decreased after the peaks at 16.0%,which had significantly higher body weight,weight gain rate and feed efficiency ratio than those in control group(P<0.05).By the polyline regression model,weight gain rate reached the maximum at the carbohydrate level of 15.84%and specific growth rate reached the maximum at carbohydrate level of 15.94%.When the feed carbohydrate level was 28.0%,crude fat was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference between other groups and control group(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in crude protein when the feed carbohydrate levels were 10.0%and 16.0%(P>0.05),but crude protein in other groups was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).When the feed carbohydrate levels were 16.0%,22.0% and28.0%,the activities of AKP and ACP were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05).When the feed carbohydrate levels were 22.0%and 28.0%,the activity of LZM in hepatopancreas was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).With the increase of carbohydrate level,the activity of SOD decreased,and it was significantly lower than that in control group when the feed carbohydrate levels were 10.0%,16.0%,22.0%and 28.0%(P<0.05).【Conclusion】According to this experiment,the suitable carbohydrate level in formulated diets of juvenile P.lagowskii Dybowski is 15.84%-15.94%.
引文
[1]吴凡,文华,蒋明,等.饲料碳水化合物水平对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能和血液主要生化指标的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(12):8-14.Wu F,Wen H,Jiang M,et al.Effects of different dietary carbohydrate levels on growth performance and blood biochemical parameters of juvenile GIFT tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)[J].Northwest A&F University(Nat Sci Ed),2012,40(12):8-14.
[2] Hemre G I,Mommsen T P,Krogdahl A.Carbohydrates in fish nutrition:effects on growth,glucose metabolism and hepatic enzymes[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2002,8:175-194.
[3]罗艺平,谢小军.鱼类利用碳水化合物的研究进展[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(2):381-390.Luo Y P,Xie X J.Research progress of carbohydrate use in fish[J].Chinese Journal of Aquaculture,2010,17(2):381-390.
[4] Leung L Y,Norman Y S.Influence of dietary carbohydrate level on endocrine status and hepatic carbohydrate metabolism in the marine fish Sparus sarba[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2012,38(2):543.
[5] Hidalgo M C,Sanz A,Gallego M G,et al.Feed of the Europeaned(Arguilla anguilla).Influence of dietary carbohydrate level[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,1993,105(1)b:165-169.
[6] Wang J,Li X,Han T,et al.Effects of different dietary carbohydrate levels on growth,feed utilization and body composition of juvenile grouper Epinephelus akaara[J].Aquaculture,2016,459:143-147.
[7] Cowey C B,Adron J W,Brown D A.Studies on the nutrition of marine flatfish.The metabolism of glucose by plaice(Pleuronectes platessa)and the effect of dietary energy source on protein utilization in plaice[J].British Journal Nutrition,1975,33(2):219-231.
[8] Helland S J,Grisdale-Helland B.Growth,feed utilization and body composition of juvenile Atlantie halibut fed diets differing in the ratio between the macronutrient[J].Aquaculture,1998,166:49-56.
[9] Wilson R P,Poe W E.Apparent inability of channel catfish to utilize dietary monoand disaccharides as energy sources[J].J Nutr,1987,117:280-285.
[10]张永泉,白庆利,徐伟,等.黑龙江流域绥芬河水系洛氏鱥个体繁殖力的研究[J].水产学杂志,2015,28(1):29-33.Zhang Y Q,Bai Q L,Xu W,et al.Individual fecundity of minnow Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski collected in suifen river in Heilong river valley[J].Chinese Journal of Fisheries,2015,28(1):29-33.
[11]王茂林,李保民,姜玉声,等.本溪太子河流域洛氏鱥个体繁殖力研究[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2013,10(29):28-32.Wang M L,Li B M,Jiang Y S,et al.Rockwell minnow individual fertility study Taizi river in Benxi[J].Journal of Yangtze University(Nat Sci Ed),2013,10(29):28-32.
[12]张永泉,徐伟,席庆凯,等.洛氏鱥的人工繁殖[J].安徽大学学报(自然科学版),2015,42(4):1-6.Zhang Y Q,Xu W,Xi Q K,et al.The artificial propagation of Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski[J].Journal of Anhui University(Nat Sci Ed),2015,42(4):1-6.
[13]康鑫,张远,张楠,等.太子河洛氏鱥幼鱼栖息地适宜度评估[J].生态毒理学报,2011,6(3):310-320.Kang X,Zhang Y,Zhang N,et al.Assessment of habitat suitability of juvenile Phoxinus lagowskii in Taizi river[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2011,6(3):310-320.
[14]张永泉,尹家胜,马波,等.温度和流速对洛氏鱥呼吸代谢的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(17):1-9.Zhang Y Q,Yin J S,Ma B,et al.Effects of temperature and water velocity on the respiratory metabolism and behavior of Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski[J].Acta Ecologiga Sinica,2015,35(17):1-9.
[15]祖岫杰,刘艳辉,刘铁钢,等.拉氏鱥人工繁殖与苗种培育技术研究[J].水产养殖,2015,36(6):9-12.Zu X J,Liu Y H,Liu T G,et al.Study on artificial propagation and seedling cultivation techniques of Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski[J].Aquaculture,2015,36(6):9-12.
[16]骆小平,李军,金广海,等.拉氏鱥人工繁殖试验[J].水产科学,2013,32(11):673-675.Luo X P,Li J,Jin G H,et al.Artificial propagation of fat minnow Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski[J].Aquatic Science,2013,32(11):673-675.
[17]张永泉,尹家胜,杜佳,等.洛氏鱥肌肉某些营养成分分析和肉质蛋白质营养价值评价[J].营养学报,2013,35(4):406-410.Zhang Y Q,Yin J S,Du J,et al.Analysis of some nutritional components and evaluation of muscle protein of Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski[J].Acta Ecologiga Sinica,2013,35(4):406-410.
[18]郭文学,张永泉,佟广香,等.黑龙江流域绥芬河水系野生洛氏鱥胚胎发育[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(9):2530-2536.Guo W X,Zhang Y Q,Tong G X,et al.Embryonic development of wild Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski collected from Suifen river in Heilong river valley[J].Journal of Ecology,2015,34(9):2530-2536.
[19]邢秀苹,杨欢欢,韦庆勇,等.豆粕和膨化大豆粉对鲤鱼生长及其肌肉营养成分的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(12):13-17,28.Xing X P,Yang H H,Wei Q Y,et al.Effects of soybean meal and expanded soy flour on growth performance and nutritional composition of carp[J].Northwest A&F University(Nat Sci Ed),2015,43(12):13-17,28.
[20]王菲,李向飞,李贵锋,等.不同糖脂比对建鲤幼鱼生长、体组成、消化及糖酵解能力的影响[J].水产学报,2015,39(9):1386-1394.Wang F,Li X F,Li G F,et al.Effects of dietary carbohydrateto-lipid ratios on growth,body composition,digestion and glycolysis of juvenile Jian carp[J].Journal of Fisheries Science,2015,39(9):1386-1394.
[21]周华,樊启学,宗克金,等.饲料碳水化合物水平对鳡幼鱼生长和体成分的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2011,32(3):108-113.Zhou H,Fan Q X,Zong K J,et al.Effects of dietary carbohydrate levels on the growth performance and body compositions of juvenile Elopichthys bambusa[J].Journal of Water Ecology,2011,32(3):108-113.
[22]肖金星,李广经,华颖,等.饲料碳水化合物水平对黑鲷幼鱼生长性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(10):125-129.Xiao J X,Li G J,Hua Y,et al.Effects of dietary carbohydrate levels on growth performance and serum biochemical indexes of Acanthopagrus schlegelii juvenile[J].Journal of Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(10):125-129.
[23]谭肖英,刘永坚,田丽霞,等.饲料碳水化合物水平对大口黑鲈生长、鱼体营养成分组成的影响[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2005,44(S):258-263.Tan X Y,Liu Y J,Tian L X,et al.Effects of dietary carbohydrate levels on growth,nutrient composition of juvenile largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides[J].Journal of Sun Yatsen University(Nat Sci Ed),2005,44(S):258-263.
[24] Enes P,Panserat S,Kaushik S,et al.Effect of normal and waxy maize starch on growth,food utilization and hepatic glucose metabolism in European sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax)juveniles[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,2006,143(1)b:89-96.
[25] Vielma J,Koskela J,Ruohonen K.Optimal diet composition for European whitefish(Coregonus lavaretus):carbohydrate stress and immune parameter responses[J].Aquaculture,2003,225:3-16.
[26] Roubaty C,Portmann P.Relation between intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity and brush border membrane transport of inorganic phosphate,D-glucose and D-glucose-6-phosphate[J].Pflugers Archiv European Journal of Physiology,1988,412:482-490.
[27]周传朋.不同水平碳水化合物日粮对团头鲂生长、免疫及相关糖代谢酶的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.Zhou C P.Effects of different dietary carbohydrate levels on growth performance,immunity and carbhydrate metabolic enzymes in wuchang bream(Megalobrama ambycephala)[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2012.
[28] Lee S M,Lee J H.Effect of dietary glucose,dextrin and starch on growth and body composition of juvenile starry flounder Platrichthys stellatus[J].Fisheries Sci,2004,70(1):53-58.
[29] Gaye S J,Fock EN U,Becker K.Effects of dietary protein/carbohydrate ratio on activities of hepatic enzymes involved in the amino acid metabolism of Nile tilapia,Oreochromis nlioticus(L)[J].Fish Physid Biochem,2006,32:275-282.
[30]周小秋,冯林,姜维丹,等.营养与鱼类免疫研究进展[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(10):3175-3184.Zhou X Q,Feng L,Jiang W D,et al.Advanced research in nutrition and fish immunity[J].Journalof Animal Nutrition,2014,26(10):3175-3184.
[31] Fernandez T M A,Bejar J,Gallardo J B,et al.Molecular cloning and characterization of C-type lysozyme from Senegalese sole(Solea senegalensis)[J].Aquaculture,2007,272(S1):255.
[32]李强,谢小军,罗毅平,等.饲料淀粉水平对南方鲇免疫的影响[J].水生生物学报2007,31(4):557-562.Li Q,Xie X J,Luo Y P,et al.Effect of dietary starch level on immunity in the southern catfish[J].Journal of Hydrobiology,2007,31(4):557-562.
[33] Lin Y H,Shiau S Y.Dietary lipid requirement of grouper,Epinehelus malabaricus,and effects on immune responses[J].Aquaculture,2003,225:243-250.
[34]王广宇.日粮碳水化合物水平对翘嘴红鲌生长、血液指标及GK、G6Pase、HSC70基因表达的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2009.Wang G Y.Effects of carbohydrate levels in diets on growth,serum parameters and GK,G6Pase,HSC70gene expression in topmouth culter(Erythroculter ilishaeformis Blecker)[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2009.
[35]蔡春芳.青鱼和鲫对饲料糖的利用及其代谢机制的研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2004.Cai C F.Study on the utilization of dietary carbohydrate by Mylopharyngodon piecus Richardson and Carassius auratus and their mechanism of metabolism[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2004.
[36]缪凌鸿.高碳水化合物水平日粮对异肓银鲫生产性能、免疫及应激蛋白HSP70的影响[D].广州:华南农业大学,2009.Miao L H.Effect of high carbohydrate levels in the dietary on growth performance,immunity and HSP70of Carassius auratus gibelio[D].Guangzhou:South China Agricultural University,2009.
[2] Hemre G I,Mommsen T P,Krogdahl A.Carbohydrates in fish nutrition:effects on growth,glucose metabolism and hepatic enzymes[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2002,8:175-194.
[3]罗艺平,谢小军.鱼类利用碳水化合物的研究进展[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(2):381-390.Luo Y P,Xie X J.Research progress of carbohydrate use in fish[J].Chinese Journal of Aquaculture,2010,17(2):381-390.
[4] Leung L Y,Norman Y S.Influence of dietary carbohydrate level on endocrine status and hepatic carbohydrate metabolism in the marine fish Sparus sarba[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2012,38(2):543.
[5] Hidalgo M C,Sanz A,Gallego M G,et al.Feed of the Europeaned(Arguilla anguilla).Influence of dietary carbohydrate level[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,1993,105(1)b:165-169.
[6] Wang J,Li X,Han T,et al.Effects of different dietary carbohydrate levels on growth,feed utilization and body composition of juvenile grouper Epinephelus akaara[J].Aquaculture,2016,459:143-147.
[7] Cowey C B,Adron J W,Brown D A.Studies on the nutrition of marine flatfish.The metabolism of glucose by plaice(Pleuronectes platessa)and the effect of dietary energy source on protein utilization in plaice[J].British Journal Nutrition,1975,33(2):219-231.
[8] Helland S J,Grisdale-Helland B.Growth,feed utilization and body composition of juvenile Atlantie halibut fed diets differing in the ratio between the macronutrient[J].Aquaculture,1998,166:49-56.
[9] Wilson R P,Poe W E.Apparent inability of channel catfish to utilize dietary monoand disaccharides as energy sources[J].J Nutr,1987,117:280-285.
[10]张永泉,白庆利,徐伟,等.黑龙江流域绥芬河水系洛氏鱥个体繁殖力的研究[J].水产学杂志,2015,28(1):29-33.Zhang Y Q,Bai Q L,Xu W,et al.Individual fecundity of minnow Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski collected in suifen river in Heilong river valley[J].Chinese Journal of Fisheries,2015,28(1):29-33.
[11]王茂林,李保民,姜玉声,等.本溪太子河流域洛氏鱥个体繁殖力研究[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2013,10(29):28-32.Wang M L,Li B M,Jiang Y S,et al.Rockwell minnow individual fertility study Taizi river in Benxi[J].Journal of Yangtze University(Nat Sci Ed),2013,10(29):28-32.
[12]张永泉,徐伟,席庆凯,等.洛氏鱥的人工繁殖[J].安徽大学学报(自然科学版),2015,42(4):1-6.Zhang Y Q,Xu W,Xi Q K,et al.The artificial propagation of Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski[J].Journal of Anhui University(Nat Sci Ed),2015,42(4):1-6.
[13]康鑫,张远,张楠,等.太子河洛氏鱥幼鱼栖息地适宜度评估[J].生态毒理学报,2011,6(3):310-320.Kang X,Zhang Y,Zhang N,et al.Assessment of habitat suitability of juvenile Phoxinus lagowskii in Taizi river[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2011,6(3):310-320.
[14]张永泉,尹家胜,马波,等.温度和流速对洛氏鱥呼吸代谢的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(17):1-9.Zhang Y Q,Yin J S,Ma B,et al.Effects of temperature and water velocity on the respiratory metabolism and behavior of Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski[J].Acta Ecologiga Sinica,2015,35(17):1-9.
[15]祖岫杰,刘艳辉,刘铁钢,等.拉氏鱥人工繁殖与苗种培育技术研究[J].水产养殖,2015,36(6):9-12.Zu X J,Liu Y H,Liu T G,et al.Study on artificial propagation and seedling cultivation techniques of Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski[J].Aquaculture,2015,36(6):9-12.
[16]骆小平,李军,金广海,等.拉氏鱥人工繁殖试验[J].水产科学,2013,32(11):673-675.Luo X P,Li J,Jin G H,et al.Artificial propagation of fat minnow Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski[J].Aquatic Science,2013,32(11):673-675.
[17]张永泉,尹家胜,杜佳,等.洛氏鱥肌肉某些营养成分分析和肉质蛋白质营养价值评价[J].营养学报,2013,35(4):406-410.Zhang Y Q,Yin J S,Du J,et al.Analysis of some nutritional components and evaluation of muscle protein of Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski[J].Acta Ecologiga Sinica,2013,35(4):406-410.
[18]郭文学,张永泉,佟广香,等.黑龙江流域绥芬河水系野生洛氏鱥胚胎发育[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(9):2530-2536.Guo W X,Zhang Y Q,Tong G X,et al.Embryonic development of wild Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski collected from Suifen river in Heilong river valley[J].Journal of Ecology,2015,34(9):2530-2536.
[19]邢秀苹,杨欢欢,韦庆勇,等.豆粕和膨化大豆粉对鲤鱼生长及其肌肉营养成分的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(12):13-17,28.Xing X P,Yang H H,Wei Q Y,et al.Effects of soybean meal and expanded soy flour on growth performance and nutritional composition of carp[J].Northwest A&F University(Nat Sci Ed),2015,43(12):13-17,28.
[20]王菲,李向飞,李贵锋,等.不同糖脂比对建鲤幼鱼生长、体组成、消化及糖酵解能力的影响[J].水产学报,2015,39(9):1386-1394.Wang F,Li X F,Li G F,et al.Effects of dietary carbohydrateto-lipid ratios on growth,body composition,digestion and glycolysis of juvenile Jian carp[J].Journal of Fisheries Science,2015,39(9):1386-1394.
[21]周华,樊启学,宗克金,等.饲料碳水化合物水平对鳡幼鱼生长和体成分的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2011,32(3):108-113.Zhou H,Fan Q X,Zong K J,et al.Effects of dietary carbohydrate levels on the growth performance and body compositions of juvenile Elopichthys bambusa[J].Journal of Water Ecology,2011,32(3):108-113.
[22]肖金星,李广经,华颖,等.饲料碳水化合物水平对黑鲷幼鱼生长性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(10):125-129.Xiao J X,Li G J,Hua Y,et al.Effects of dietary carbohydrate levels on growth performance and serum biochemical indexes of Acanthopagrus schlegelii juvenile[J].Journal of Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(10):125-129.
[23]谭肖英,刘永坚,田丽霞,等.饲料碳水化合物水平对大口黑鲈生长、鱼体营养成分组成的影响[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2005,44(S):258-263.Tan X Y,Liu Y J,Tian L X,et al.Effects of dietary carbohydrate levels on growth,nutrient composition of juvenile largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides[J].Journal of Sun Yatsen University(Nat Sci Ed),2005,44(S):258-263.
[24] Enes P,Panserat S,Kaushik S,et al.Effect of normal and waxy maize starch on growth,food utilization and hepatic glucose metabolism in European sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax)juveniles[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,2006,143(1)b:89-96.
[25] Vielma J,Koskela J,Ruohonen K.Optimal diet composition for European whitefish(Coregonus lavaretus):carbohydrate stress and immune parameter responses[J].Aquaculture,2003,225:3-16.
[26] Roubaty C,Portmann P.Relation between intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity and brush border membrane transport of inorganic phosphate,D-glucose and D-glucose-6-phosphate[J].Pflugers Archiv European Journal of Physiology,1988,412:482-490.
[27]周传朋.不同水平碳水化合物日粮对团头鲂生长、免疫及相关糖代谢酶的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.Zhou C P.Effects of different dietary carbohydrate levels on growth performance,immunity and carbhydrate metabolic enzymes in wuchang bream(Megalobrama ambycephala)[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2012.
[28] Lee S M,Lee J H.Effect of dietary glucose,dextrin and starch on growth and body composition of juvenile starry flounder Platrichthys stellatus[J].Fisheries Sci,2004,70(1):53-58.
[29] Gaye S J,Fock EN U,Becker K.Effects of dietary protein/carbohydrate ratio on activities of hepatic enzymes involved in the amino acid metabolism of Nile tilapia,Oreochromis nlioticus(L)[J].Fish Physid Biochem,2006,32:275-282.
[30]周小秋,冯林,姜维丹,等.营养与鱼类免疫研究进展[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(10):3175-3184.Zhou X Q,Feng L,Jiang W D,et al.Advanced research in nutrition and fish immunity[J].Journalof Animal Nutrition,2014,26(10):3175-3184.
[31] Fernandez T M A,Bejar J,Gallardo J B,et al.Molecular cloning and characterization of C-type lysozyme from Senegalese sole(Solea senegalensis)[J].Aquaculture,2007,272(S1):255.
[32]李强,谢小军,罗毅平,等.饲料淀粉水平对南方鲇免疫的影响[J].水生生物学报2007,31(4):557-562.Li Q,Xie X J,Luo Y P,et al.Effect of dietary starch level on immunity in the southern catfish[J].Journal of Hydrobiology,2007,31(4):557-562.
[33] Lin Y H,Shiau S Y.Dietary lipid requirement of grouper,Epinehelus malabaricus,and effects on immune responses[J].Aquaculture,2003,225:243-250.
[34]王广宇.日粮碳水化合物水平对翘嘴红鲌生长、血液指标及GK、G6Pase、HSC70基因表达的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2009.Wang G Y.Effects of carbohydrate levels in diets on growth,serum parameters and GK,G6Pase,HSC70gene expression in topmouth culter(Erythroculter ilishaeformis Blecker)[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2009.
[35]蔡春芳.青鱼和鲫对饲料糖的利用及其代谢机制的研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2004.Cai C F.Study on the utilization of dietary carbohydrate by Mylopharyngodon piecus Richardson and Carassius auratus and their mechanism of metabolism[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2004.
[36]缪凌鸿.高碳水化合物水平日粮对异肓银鲫生产性能、免疫及应激蛋白HSP70的影响[D].广州:华南农业大学,2009.Miao L H.Effect of high carbohydrate levels in the dietary on growth performance,immunity and HSP70of Carassius auratus gibelio[D].Guangzhou:South China Agricultural University,2009.