新疆北部降水相态的识别判据研究
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摘要
利用2005—2014年春秋两季月降水资料,统计分析了近10 a新疆北部4个站点的雨雪天气;利用同时期的高空资料,选取了500 hPa和850 hPa高度差(H_(500-850))、700 hPa和850 hPa高度差(H_(700-850))、850 h Pa和925 hPa高度差(H_(850-925))、700 hPa和925 hPa高度差(H_(700-925))、500 hPa温度(T500)、700 hPa温度(T700)、850 hPa温度(T850)、925 hPa温度(T925)共8个指标参与统计,得出4个站点的主要影响因子及降水相态判别指标;并利用判别指标对2015年3—4月、10—11月伊宁及乌鲁木齐站点出现的降水相态进行检验。研究表明:(1)伊宁T925、T850分别为2.5℃、-2.5℃时;塔城站点T925、T850分别为1.8℃、-1.5℃时可作为雨雪分界指标;伊宁、塔城两站T700对降水相态的指示意义不大;阿勒泰T850、T700、T500分别为-2℃、-8.5℃、-25.3℃时;乌鲁木齐T850、T700分别为-1.75℃、-9.3℃时,可作为雨雪分界,T500对乌鲁木齐降水相态的指示意义不大。(2)伊宁H_(700-925)、H_(850-925)分别为2220 m、680 m时;塔城H_(700-925)、H_(850-925)分别为2 207.5 m、675 m时;阿勒泰H_(700-850)、H_(500-850)分别为1522 m、4 052.5 m时;乌鲁木齐H_(700-850)、H_(500-850)分别为1520 m、4 067.5 m时,可作为雨雪的简单分界。(3)通过检验,总结出的雨雪判别指标可为新疆北部降水相态客观预报提供较好的参考。
Using the spring and autumn monthly precipitation data during 2005 to 2014,the rain and snow processes of four stations in northern Xinjiang for nearly ten years were analyzed statistically.Using the upper air data during the same period and selecting eight physical quantities such as temperature at 500 hPa,700 hPa,850 hPa,925 hPa and geopotential height difference between 500 h Pa and 850 h Pa(H_(500-850)),700 hPa and 850 hPa(H_(700-850)),850 hPa and 925 hPa(H_(850-925)),700 hPa and 925 h Pa(H_(700-925)),the study obtained the main influence factors and identification index of precipitation phase in four stations which were used to examined the precipitation phase in Urumqi and Yining station during March to April and October to November in 2015.The result shows that:(1)The 2.5 ℃ at 925 h Pa and 2.5 ℃ at 850 hPa in Yining station,1.8 ℃ at 925 hPa and 1.5 ℃ at 850 h Pa in Tacheng station,-2 ℃ at 850 hPa,-8.5 ℃ at 700 hPa and-25.3 ℃ at 500 hPa in Altay station,-1.75 ℃ at 850 hPa and-9.3 ℃ at 700 hPa in Urumqi station can be used as boundary index of demarcation between rain and snow,respectively.T700 in Yining and Tacheng station and T500 in Urumqi station made little instructions to precipitation phase.(2)The 1522 m of H_(700-925) and 680 m of H_(850-925) in Yining station,2 207.5 m of H_(700-925) and 675 m of H_(850-925) in Tacheng station,1500 m of H_(700-850) and 4 052.5 m of H_(500-850) in Altay station,1520 m of H_(700-850) and 4 067.5 m of H_(500-850) in Urumqi station can be used as simple boundary index of demarcation between rain and snow,respectively.(3) The summarized discriminant index in northern Xinjiang could make good instruction for objective precipitation phase forecast on examination.
Using the spring and autumn monthly precipitation data during 2005 to 2014,the rain and snow processes of four stations in northern Xinjiang for nearly ten years were analyzed statistically.Using the upper air data during the same period and selecting eight physical quantities such as temperature at 500 hPa,700 hPa,850 hPa,925 hPa and geopotential height difference between 500 h Pa and 850 h Pa(H_(500-850)),700 hPa and 850 hPa(H_(700-850)),850 hPa and 925 hPa(H_(850-925)),700 hPa and 925 h Pa(H_(700-925)),the study obtained the main influence factors and identification index of precipitation phase in four stations which were used to examined the precipitation phase in Urumqi and Yining station during March to April and October to November in 2015.The result shows that:(1)The 2.5 ℃ at 925 h Pa and 2.5 ℃ at 850 hPa in Yining station,1.8 ℃ at 925 hPa and 1.5 ℃ at 850 h Pa in Tacheng station,-2 ℃ at 850 hPa,-8.5 ℃ at 700 hPa and-25.3 ℃ at 500 hPa in Altay station,-1.75 ℃ at 850 hPa and-9.3 ℃ at 700 hPa in Urumqi station can be used as boundary index of demarcation between rain and snow,respectively.T700 in Yining and Tacheng station and T500 in Urumqi station made little instructions to precipitation phase.(2)The 1522 m of H_(700-925) and 680 m of H_(850-925) in Yining station,2 207.5 m of H_(700-925) and 675 m of H_(850-925) in Tacheng station,1500 m of H_(700-850) and 4 052.5 m of H_(500-850) in Altay station,1520 m of H_(700-850) and 4 067.5 m of H_(500-850) in Urumqi station can be used as simple boundary index of demarcation between rain and snow,respectively.(3) The summarized discriminant index in northern Xinjiang could make good instruction for objective precipitation phase forecast on examination.
引文
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[3]尤凤春,郭丽霞,史印山,等.北京降水相态判别指标及检验[J].气象与环境学报,2013,29(5):49-54.
[4]段云霞,李得勤,李大为,等.沈阳降水相态特征分析及预报方法[J].干旱气象,2016,34(1):51-57.
[5]郑丽娜,杨成芳,刘畅.山东冬半年回流降雪形势特征及相关降水相态[J].高原气象,2016,35(2):520-527.
[6]许美玲,梁红丽,金少华,等.昆明冬降水相态识别判据研究[J].气象,2015,41(4):474-479.
[7]赵思雄,孙建华,陈红,等.北京“12.7”降雪过程的分析研究[J].气候与环境研究,2002,7(1):7-21.
[8]徐辉,金荣花.地形对2008年初湖南雨雪冰冻天气的影响分析[J].高原气象,2010,29(4):957-967.
[9]辜旭赞.2008年1月我国南方持续雨雪过程的诊断分析[J].高原气象,2011,30(1):150-157.
[10]晏红明,王灵,朱勇,等.2008年初云南低温雨雪冰冻天气的气候成因分析[J].高原气象,2009,28(4):870-879.
[11]明建,陈月娟,周任君,等.2008年中国南方雪灾与平流层极涡异常的等熵位涡分析[J].高原气象,2009,28(4):880-888.
[12]杨贵名,孔期,毛冬艳,等.2008年初“低温雨雪冰冻”灾害天气的持续性原因分析[J].气象学报,2008,66(5):836-849.
[13]姚蓉,黎祖贤,戴泽军,等.2008年初持续雨雪灾害过程分析[J].气象科学,2009,29(6):838-843.
[14]高洋,吴统文,陈葆德.2008年1月我国南方冻雨过程的热力异常及其形成原因[J].高原气象,2011,30(6):1526-1533.
[15]许爱华,乔林,詹丰兴,等.2005年3月一次寒潮天气过程的诊断分析[J].气象,2006,32(3):49-55.
[16]漆梁波,张瑛.中国东部地区冬季降水相态的识别判据研究[J].气象,2012,38(1):96-102.
[17]白慧星,王旭.2000年北疆地区初雪天气分析[J].新疆气象,2001,24(1):7-8.