土壤中重金属有效态汞的快速检测
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摘要
分别采用DTPA,EDTA和HCl 3种提取剂对土壤中的重金属有效态汞进行提取,选择提取率最高的作为提取剂.另外,制备了空心碳球/聚苯胺复合材料,将该复合材料制成DNA修饰的空心碳球/聚苯胺电化学传感器,并对土壤中的有效态汞进行检测.结果表明,3种提取剂中,DTPA对土壤中有效态汞的提取率最高,为20%~31%;该化学传感器能够准确、灵敏地检测土壤中的有效态汞含量,与采用原子荧光法的测定结果相比,两个实际样品的相对误差分别为2.32%和2.71%.
DTPA,EDTA and HCl extractants were used to extract heavy metal absorbable mercury in the soil,by comparison,the highest extraction rate of the extractant DTPA was chosen. Then,the hollow carbon nanospheres/polyaniline composite was prepared. The composite was made into a DNA-modified hollow carbon nanospheres/polyaniline electrochemical sensor and the absorbable mercury in the soil was detected. The results showed that DTPA had the highest extraction rate of absorbable mercury in the soil from 20% to 31%.And the chemical sensor could detect the absorbable mercury content in soil accurately and sensitively. Compared with the results of atomic fluorescence spectrometry,the relative errors between the two actual samples were 2. 32% and 2. 71%,respectively.
DTPA,EDTA and HCl extractants were used to extract heavy metal absorbable mercury in the soil,by comparison,the highest extraction rate of the extractant DTPA was chosen. Then,the hollow carbon nanospheres/polyaniline composite was prepared. The composite was made into a DNA-modified hollow carbon nanospheres/polyaniline electrochemical sensor and the absorbable mercury in the soil was detected. The results showed that DTPA had the highest extraction rate of absorbable mercury in the soil from 20% to 31%.And the chemical sensor could detect the absorbable mercury content in soil accurately and sensitively. Compared with the results of atomic fluorescence spectrometry,the relative errors between the two actual samples were 2. 32% and 2. 71%,respectively.
引文
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[2]樊霆,叶文玲,陈海燕,等.农田土壤重金属污染状况及修复技术研究[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(10):1727.
[3]TESSIER A,CAMPBELL P G C,BISSON M.Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J].Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844.
[4]任丽英,赵敏,董玉良,等.两种铁氧化物对土壤有效态汞的吸附作用研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(3):749.
[5]KIM E J,JEON E K,BAEK K.Role of reducing agent in extraction of arsenic and heavy metals from soils by use of EDTA[J].Chemosphere,2016,152:274.
[6]MEERS E,SAMSON R,TACK F M G,et al.Phytoavailability assessment of heavy metals in soils by single extractions and accumulation by phaseolus vulgaris[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2007,60(3):385.
[7]SORIANO-DISLA J M,GóMEZ I,NAVARRO-PEDREO J,et al.Evaluation of single chemical extractants for the prediction of heavy metal uptake by barley in soils amended with polluted sewage sludge[J].Plant and Soil,2010,327(1/2):303.
[8]BEGUM Z A,RAHMAN I M M,SAWAI H,et al.Effect of extraction variables on the biodegradable chelant-assisted removal of toxic metals from artificially contaminated European reference soils[J].Water Air Soil Pollution,2013,224:1381.
[9]WANG M,LIU S,ZHANG Y,et al.Graphene nanostructures with plasma polymerized allylamine biosensor for selective detection of mercury ions[J].Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,2014,203:497.
[10]ZHANG Z,FU X,LI K,et al.One-step fabrication of electrochemical biosensor based on DNA-modified three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide and chitosan nanocomposite for highly sensitive detection of Hg(Ⅱ)[J].Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,2016,225:453.
[11]TANAKA Y,ODA S,YAMAGUCHI H,et al.15N-15N J-Coupling across HgⅡ:Direct observation of HgⅡ-mediated T-T basepairs in a DNA duplex[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2007,129:244.
[12]刘斯佳,朱静,谭钟扬.基于胸腺嘧啶-汞离子(Ⅱ)配位作用的汞离子(Ⅱ)检测技术的研究进展[J].中国农业科技导报,2009,11(S1):13.
[13]HE L,ZHANG S,WANG M,et al.Facile fabrication of zinc phosphate-based nanocomposites for high-performance electrochemical sensing of Hg(Ⅱ)[J].Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,2016,228:500.
[14]荆延德,何振立,杨肖娥.稻菜轮作制下土壤有效态汞提取剂和提取条件研究[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(4):185.
[15]BARAKA A,HALL P J,HESLOP M J.Preparation and characterization of melamine-formaldehyde-DTPA chelating resin and its use as an adsorbent for heavy metals removal from waste water[J].Reactive and Functional Polymers,2007,67(7):585.
[16]PINEDO-HERNáNDEZ J,MARRUGO-NEGRETEJ,DíEZ S.Speciation and bioavailability of mercury in sediments impacted by gold mining in Colombia[J].Chemosphere,2015,119:1289.
[17]甘国娟,刘妍,朱晓龙,等.3种提取剂对不同类型土壤重金属的提取效果[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(2):148.