城市浅层地震勘探技术进展
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摘要
当前快速城市化与城市地下空间开发给浅层地震勘探技术的发展带来了挑战和良好机遇。笔者从地震勘探仪器设备、数据采集、数据处理和解释应用等方面介绍了近年来城市浅层地震勘探技术所取得的主要进展,包括陆上地震拖缆系统的研发、无线地震数据采集、可控震源伪随机扫描方法、城市噪声面波勘探技术及地震数据综合处理算法等。结果认为,通过瑞雷波约束折射P波层析成像结果或联合反演方法,可以提高后者对城市地下"百米"空间的探测精度;利用城市噪声作为震源,既能获得对描述浅层地质特征有重要意义的补充信息,同时又满足了城市对绿色、环保震源的要求;而陆上地震拖缆系统则使得S波技术在城市地下浅层勘探中可以发挥更加重要的作用。今后发展建议:一是加强城市浅层地震数据采集关键技术装备的研发;二是进一步开发和完善非传统(如面波)地震勘探方法,深入挖掘地震波中所蕴含的大量有用信息。
The current rapid urbanization and underground development have brought challenges and good opportunities for the development of shallow seismic exploration technology.In this paper,the main advances made in shallow seismic exploration in cities in recent years have been introduced in terms of seismic exploration equipment,data acquisition,data processing,interpretation and their applications,which include the development of seismic land-streamer systems,wireless seismic data acquisition,vibroseis pseudo-random sweeps method,urban noise surface wave exploration technology and comprehensive data processing algorithms. Some conclusions have been reached: the Rayleigh wave constrained refraction P-wave tomography results or the joint inversion method can improve the accuracy of detection of urban underground " 100-meter" space; using urban noise as a source,it can not only provide supplementary information that is important for the description of shallow geological features,but also meets the city's requirements for green and environmental protection; through the seismic land-streamer system,S-wave technology can play a more important role in urban shallow exploration.Some proposals for future development are put forward: First,to strengthen the research and development of key technologies and equipment for shallow seismic data acquisition in urban area; Second,to further develop and improve non-traditional( such as surface wave)seismic exploration methods,and to dig deeply into a large amount of useful information contained in seismic waves.
The current rapid urbanization and underground development have brought challenges and good opportunities for the development of shallow seismic exploration technology.In this paper,the main advances made in shallow seismic exploration in cities in recent years have been introduced in terms of seismic exploration equipment,data acquisition,data processing,interpretation and their applications,which include the development of seismic land-streamer systems,wireless seismic data acquisition,vibroseis pseudo-random sweeps method,urban noise surface wave exploration technology and comprehensive data processing algorithms. Some conclusions have been reached: the Rayleigh wave constrained refraction P-wave tomography results or the joint inversion method can improve the accuracy of detection of urban underground " 100-meter" space; using urban noise as a source,it can not only provide supplementary information that is important for the description of shallow geological features,but also meets the city's requirements for green and environmental protection; through the seismic land-streamer system,S-wave technology can play a more important role in urban shallow exploration.Some proposals for future development are put forward: First,to strengthen the research and development of key technologies and equipment for shallow seismic data acquisition in urban area; Second,to further develop and improve non-traditional( such as surface wave)seismic exploration methods,and to dig deeply into a large amount of useful information contained in seismic waves.
引文
[1]汪民.在中国地质矿产经济学会2016年工作会议上的讲话[J].中国国土资源经济,2017,30(1):4-10.
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[16]Nakata N.Near-surface S-wave velocities estimated from traffic-induced Love waves using seismic interferometry with double beamforming[J].Interpretation,2016,4(4):SQ23-SQ31.
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[18]Inazaki T.Ultra-shallow seismic reflection imaging using a towed Land Streamer tool[C]//Abstracts of the Japan Geoscience Union Meeting,2006,U051/U051-025.
[19]Malehmir A,Dehghannejad M,Juhlin C,et al.A state-of-the-art MEMs-based 3C Seismic Landstreamer for Various Near-surface Applications[C]//Vienna,Austria:78thEAGE Conference&Exhibition 2016—Workshop Programme,2016.
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[21]Pugin A J M,Pullan S E,Hunter J A.Multicomponent high-resolution seismic reflection profling[J].The Leading Edge,2009,28(10):1248-1261.
[22]Brodic B,Malehmir A,Juhlin C,et al.Multicomponent broadband digital-based seismic landstreamer for near-surface applications[J].J.Appl.Geophys.,2015,123:227-241.
[23]吴安楚.无线单点检波器高密度地震采集[J].勘探地球物理,2009,32(1):101-106.
[24]Dean T.The use of pseudo-random sweeps for vibroseis surveys[J].Geophys.Prospect,2014,62:50-74.
[25]Cunningham A B.Some alternative vibrator signals[J].Geophysics,1979,44(12):1901-1921.
[26]Strong S R.Numerical modelling of pseudo-random seismic sources[D].Honors:University of Queensland,2003.
[27]Scholtz P.Pseudo-random sweeps for built-up area seismic surveys[J].The Leading Edge,2013,32(3):276-281.
[28]Baraniuk R G,Steeghs P.Compressive sensing:A new approach to seismic data acquisition[J].The Leading Edge,2017,36(82):642-645.
[29]Hyer A S,Lykke-Andersen H,Jrgensen F,et al.Combined interpretation of Sky TEM and high-resolution seismic data[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2011,36:1386-1397.
[30]Colombo D,Mc Neice G,Rovetta D,et al.High-resolution velocity modeling by seismic-airborne TEM joint inversion:A new perspective for near-surface characterization[J].The Leading Edge,2016,35(11):977-985.
[31]Colombo D,Miorelli F,Sandoval-Curiel E,et al.p QC:A novel approach for robust automatic near-surface analysis in low-relief geology[J].The Leading Edge,2016,35(11):952-960.
[32]Amaru M,Hoelting C,Ivanova N,et al.Introduction to this special section:Velocity-model uncertainty[J].The Leading Edge,2017,36(2):126.
[33]王伟君,刘澜波,陈棋福,等.应用微动H/V谱比法和台阵技术探测场地响应和浅层速度结构[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(6):1515-1525.
[34]Okada H.The microtremor survey method[C]//SEG,Monograph Series 12,2003.
[35]Pancha A,Anderson J G,Louie J N,et al.Measurement of shallow shear wave velocities at a rock site using the Re Mi technique[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2008,28:522-535.
[36]Gamal M A,Pullammanappallil S.Validity of the refraction microtremor(Re Mi)method for determining shear wave velocities for different soil types in Egypt[J].International Journal of Geosciences,2011,2(4):530-540.
[37]Ivanov J,Leitner B,Shefchik W,et al.Evaluating hazards at salt cavern sites using multichannel analysis of surface waves[J].The Leading Edge,2013,32(3):298-304.
[38]Craig M,Hayashi K.Surface wave surveying for near-surface site characterization in the East San Francisco Bay Area,California[J].Interpretation,2016,4(4):SQ59-SQ69.
[39]Malehmir A,Wang S,Lamminen J,et al.Delineating structures controlling sandstone-hosted base-metal deposits using high-resolution multicomponent seismic and radio-magnetotelluric methods:a case study from Northern Sweden[J].Geophys.Prospect,2015,63:774-797.
[2]胡祥云,杨迪坤,刘少华,等.环境与工程地球物理的发展趋势[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):598-6041.
[3]李学军,窦硕娥,曲海涛.城市工程地球物理探测技术应用与发展趋势[J].工程地球物理学报,2008,5(5):564-563.
[4]李学军.我国城市物探工作的应用与发展[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(6):2221-2231.
[5]Pugin A J M,Pullan S,Hunter J A.Shear-wave high-resolution seismic reflection in Ottawa and Quebec City,Canada[J].The Leading Edge,2013,32(3):250-255.
[6]Krawczyk C,Polom U,Beilecke T.Shear-wave reflection seismics as a valuable tool for near-surface urban applications[J].The Leading Edge,2013,32(3):256-263.
[7]Liberty L.Seismic reflection imaging of a geothermal aquifer in an urban setting[J].Geophysics,1998,63(4):1285-1294.
[8]Martinez K,Mendoza J A.Urban seismic site investigations for a new metro in central Copenhagen:Near-surface imaging using reflection,refraction and VSP methods[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2012,36:1228-1236.
[9]Duret F,Bertin F,Garceran K,et al.Near-surface velocity modeling using a combined inversion of surface and refracted P-waves[J].The Leading Edge,2016,35(11):946-951.
[10]Virieux J,Operto S.An overview of full-waveform inversion in exploration geophysics[J].Geophysics,2009,74(6):WCC1-WCC26.
[11]王杰,胡光辉,刘定进,等.陆上地震资料全波形反演策略研究[J].石油物探,2017,56(1):81-88.
[12]夏江海,高玲利,潘雨迪,等.高频面波方法的若干新进展[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(8):2591-2605.
[13]Colombo S D,Mc Neice G,Rovetta D,et al.High-resolution velocity modeling by seismic-airborne TEM joint inversion:A new perspective for near-surface characterization[J].The Leading Edge,2016,35(11):977-985.
[14]Bansal R,Gaiser J.An introduction to this special section:Applications and challenges in shear-wave exploration[J].The Leading Edge,2013,32(1):12.
[15]Hunter J A,Burns R A,Good R L,et al.Near-surface geophysical techniques for geohazards investigations:Some Canadian examples[J].The Leading Edge,2010,29(8):964-977.
[16]Nakata N.Near-surface S-wave velocities estimated from traffic-induced Love waves using seismic interferometry with double beamforming[J].Interpretation,2016,4(4):SQ23-SQ31.
[17]R.J.科斯特奈斯克,B.B.西格彭.陆上地震拖缆[J].石油地球物理勘探,1976,11(s1):16.
[18]Inazaki T.Ultra-shallow seismic reflection imaging using a towed Land Streamer tool[C]//Abstracts of the Japan Geoscience Union Meeting,2006,U051/U051-025.
[19]Malehmir A,Dehghannejad M,Juhlin C,et al.A state-of-the-art MEMs-based 3C Seismic Landstreamer for Various Near-surface Applications[C]//Vienna,Austria:78thEAGE Conference&Exhibition 2016—Workshop Programme,2016.
[20]Pugin A J M,Larson T H,Sargent S L,et al.Near-surface mapping using SH-wave and P-wave seismic land-streamer data acquisition in Illinois,U.S.[J].The Leading Edge,2004,23(7):677-682.
[21]Pugin A J M,Pullan S E,Hunter J A.Multicomponent high-resolution seismic reflection profling[J].The Leading Edge,2009,28(10):1248-1261.
[22]Brodic B,Malehmir A,Juhlin C,et al.Multicomponent broadband digital-based seismic landstreamer for near-surface applications[J].J.Appl.Geophys.,2015,123:227-241.
[23]吴安楚.无线单点检波器高密度地震采集[J].勘探地球物理,2009,32(1):101-106.
[24]Dean T.The use of pseudo-random sweeps for vibroseis surveys[J].Geophys.Prospect,2014,62:50-74.
[25]Cunningham A B.Some alternative vibrator signals[J].Geophysics,1979,44(12):1901-1921.
[26]Strong S R.Numerical modelling of pseudo-random seismic sources[D].Honors:University of Queensland,2003.
[27]Scholtz P.Pseudo-random sweeps for built-up area seismic surveys[J].The Leading Edge,2013,32(3):276-281.
[28]Baraniuk R G,Steeghs P.Compressive sensing:A new approach to seismic data acquisition[J].The Leading Edge,2017,36(82):642-645.
[29]Hyer A S,Lykke-Andersen H,Jrgensen F,et al.Combined interpretation of Sky TEM and high-resolution seismic data[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2011,36:1386-1397.
[30]Colombo D,Mc Neice G,Rovetta D,et al.High-resolution velocity modeling by seismic-airborne TEM joint inversion:A new perspective for near-surface characterization[J].The Leading Edge,2016,35(11):977-985.
[31]Colombo D,Miorelli F,Sandoval-Curiel E,et al.p QC:A novel approach for robust automatic near-surface analysis in low-relief geology[J].The Leading Edge,2016,35(11):952-960.
[32]Amaru M,Hoelting C,Ivanova N,et al.Introduction to this special section:Velocity-model uncertainty[J].The Leading Edge,2017,36(2):126.
[33]王伟君,刘澜波,陈棋福,等.应用微动H/V谱比法和台阵技术探测场地响应和浅层速度结构[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(6):1515-1525.
[34]Okada H.The microtremor survey method[C]//SEG,Monograph Series 12,2003.
[35]Pancha A,Anderson J G,Louie J N,et al.Measurement of shallow shear wave velocities at a rock site using the Re Mi technique[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2008,28:522-535.
[36]Gamal M A,Pullammanappallil S.Validity of the refraction microtremor(Re Mi)method for determining shear wave velocities for different soil types in Egypt[J].International Journal of Geosciences,2011,2(4):530-540.
[37]Ivanov J,Leitner B,Shefchik W,et al.Evaluating hazards at salt cavern sites using multichannel analysis of surface waves[J].The Leading Edge,2013,32(3):298-304.
[38]Craig M,Hayashi K.Surface wave surveying for near-surface site characterization in the East San Francisco Bay Area,California[J].Interpretation,2016,4(4):SQ59-SQ69.
[39]Malehmir A,Wang S,Lamminen J,et al.Delineating structures controlling sandstone-hosted base-metal deposits using high-resolution multicomponent seismic and radio-magnetotelluric methods:a case study from Northern Sweden[J].Geophys.Prospect,2015,63:774-797.