H/V谱比方法在强震记录应用中几个影响因素的初步研究
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摘要
随着我国强震记录的积累,利用强震记录进行工程场地抗震设防研究成为必然。使用滇西南地区2007—2011年间强震台网记录到的强震动记录数据,研究使用水平/垂直谱比法(H/V)处理强震数据时的几个影响因素。通过研究发现:在使用H/V谱比法进行场地地震效应研究时,强震记录和地脉动记录存在较大的不同;使用强震记录可以获得更多的震源和台站场地参数信息,但这同时也相应增加了强震数据使用时的难度。比较国内外学者使用强震数据进行场地地震效应的研究成果,分析在使用强震数据时存在的问题,最终给出使用强震记录研究场地效应的建议。
In China, the use of strong motion records to study the earthquake fortification of engineering sites has become inevitable with the accumulation of strong motion records. In this work, the strong motion records for southwest Yunnan Province for the period of 2007 to 2011 and the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio(H/V) method were used to study several influencing factors in strong motion recording. Results reveal the existence of considerable differences between strong motion records and microtremor records when the H/V method is applied to develop site effects. Strong motion records can be used to acquire additional information on the earthquake epicenter and station site parameters but are more difficult to use than noise because they are more complex than the noise records. The domestic and international findings for site effects obtained by using strong motion records are compared. Next, the potential problems encountered in the use of strong motion records are analyzed. Some suggestions for the investigation of site effects by using strong motion records are provided.
In China, the use of strong motion records to study the earthquake fortification of engineering sites has become inevitable with the accumulation of strong motion records. In this work, the strong motion records for southwest Yunnan Province for the period of 2007 to 2011 and the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio(H/V) method were used to study several influencing factors in strong motion recording. Results reveal the existence of considerable differences between strong motion records and microtremor records when the H/V method is applied to develop site effects. Strong motion records can be used to acquire additional information on the earthquake epicenter and station site parameters but are more difficult to use than noise because they are more complex than the noise records. The domestic and international findings for site effects obtained by using strong motion records are compared. Next, the potential problems encountered in the use of strong motion records are analyzed. Some suggestions for the investigation of site effects by using strong motion records are provided.
引文
[1] BORCHERDT R D.Effects of Local Geology on Ground Motion Near San Francisco Bay[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1970,60(1):29-61.
[2] EDWARD H Field.Spectral Amplification in a Sediment-filled Valley Exhibiting Clear Basin-edge-induced Waves[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1996,86(4):991-1005.
[3] 胡聿贤,孙平善,章在墉.场地条件对震害和地震动的影响[J].地震工程与工程振动,1980,1(1):34-41.HU Yuxian,SUN Pingshan,ZHANG Zaiyong.Effects of Site Conditions on Earthquake Damage and Ground Motion[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1980,1(1):34-41.
[4] NAKAMURA Y.A Method for Dynamic Characteristics Estimation of Subsurface Using Microtremor on the Ground Surface[J].QR Railway Tech Res Inst,1989,30(1):25-33.
[5] JAVIER Lermo,FRANCISCO JChávez-García.Site Effect Evaluation Using Spectral Ratios with Only One Station[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1993,83(5):1574-1594.
[6] FIELD E H,JACOB K H.A Comparison and Test of Various Site Response Estimation Techniques,Including Three That are not Reference Site Dependent[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1995,85(4):1127-1143.
[7] MOYA A.Estimation of Site Effects and Q Factor Using a Reference Event[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2003,93(4):1730-1745.
[8] ARCHULETA R J,SEALE S H,SANGAS P V.Garner Valley Downhole Array of Accelerometers:Instrumentation and Preliminary Data Analysis[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1992,82(4):1592-1621.
[9] BONILLA L F.Borehole Response Studies at the Garner Valley Downhole Array,Southern California[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2002,92(8):3165-3179.
[10] CHEN Q F,LIU L B,WANG W J,et al.Site Effects on Earthquake Ground Motion Based on Microtremor Measurements for Metropolitan Beijing[J].Science Bulletin,2009,54(2):280-287.
[11] 王伟君,刘澜波,陈棋福,等.应用微动H/V谱比法和台阵技术探测场地响应和浅层速度结构[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(6):1515-1525.WANG Weijun,LIU Lanbo,CHEN Qifu,et al.Applications of Microtremor H/V Spectral Ratio and Array Techniques in Assessing the Site Effect and near Surface Velocity Structure[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(6):1515-1525.
[12] NAGASHIMA F,MATSUSHIMA S,KAWASE H,et al.Application of Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratios of Earthquake Ground Motions to Identify Subsurface Structures at and around the K-NETSite in Tohoku,Japan[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2014,104(5):2288-2302.
[13] XU P,LING S,RAN W,et al.Estimating Cenozoic Thickness in the Beijing Plain Area Using Array Microtremor Data[J].Seismological Research Letters,2013,84(6):1039-1047.
[14] 郭明珠,周嗣平,徐国栋,等.基岩表面地脉动谱比研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(7):1068-1071.GUO Mingzhu,ZHOU Siping,XU Guodong,et al.Research on Microtremors Spectral Ratio of Horizontal to Vertical Component on Half Elastic Space[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(7):1068-1071.
[15] 卢滔,周正华,周雍年.关于Nakamura方法有效性的讨论[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(1):43-48.LU Tao,ZHOU Zhenghua,ZHOU Yongnian,et al.Discussion on Validation of Nakamura's Technique[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2006,26(1):43-48.
[16] 朱荣欢,苏有锦.用H/V谱比法计算云南区域数字地震台站的场地响应[J].地震研究,2007,30(3):248-252.ZHU Ronghuan,SU Youjin.Site Response of Yunnan Regional Digital Seismic Stations Calculated with H/V Spectral Ratios Method[J].Journalof Seismological Research,2007,30(3):248-252.
[17] 荣棉水,李小军,王振明,等.HVSR方法用于地震作用下场地效应分析的适用性研究[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(8):2878-2891.RONG Mianshui,LI Xiaojun,WANG Zhenming,et al.Applicability of HVSR in Analysis of Site-effects Caused by Earthquakes[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(8):2878-2891.
[18] THEODULIDIS N,BARD P Y,ARCHULETA R,et al.Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio and Geological Conditions:The Case of Garner Valley Downhole Array in Southern California[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1996,86(2):306-319.
[19] ZHANG Wenbo,MATSUNAMI Koji.A Comparison of Site-amplification Estimated from Different Methods Using a Strong Motion Observation Array in Tangshan,China[J].Proceedings of the 12th WCEE,2000:1-8.
[20] CASERTA A,BOORE D M,ROVELLI A,et al.Ground Motions Recorded in Rome during the April 2009 L'Aquila Seismic Sequence:Site Response and Comparison with Ground-Motion Predictions Based on a Global Dataset[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2013,103(3):1860-1874.
[21] 李正光,崔建文,赵云旭.滇南滇西南强震台网场地特征分析[J].地震研究,2013,36(4):508-513.LI Zhengguang,CUI Jianwen,ZHAO Yunxu,et al.Site Characteristic Analyses for Strong Earthquake Networks in Southern and Southwestern Yunnan[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2013,36(4):508-513.
[22] 章文波,谢礼立,郭明珠.利用强震记录分析场地的地震反应[J].地震学报,2001,23 (6):604-614.ZHANG Wenbo,XIE Lili,GUO Mingzhu.Estimation on Site-amplification from Different Methods Using Strong Motion Data Obtained in Tangshan,China[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2001,23(6):604-614.
[23] 周宝峰.强震观测中的关键技术研究[J].国际地震动态,2013(5):43-44.ZHOU Baofeng.Some Key Issues on the Strong Motion Observation[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,2013(5):43-44.
[24] KATSUAKIKonno,TATSUOOhmachi.Ground-Motion Cha-racteristics Estimated from Spectral Ratio between Horizontal and Vertical Components of Microtremor[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1998,88(1):228-241.
[25] NAKAMURA Y.On the H/V spectrum[C]// Proceedings of the 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,2008:201-211.
[26] WEN K L,CHANG T M,LIN C M,et al.Identification of Nonlinear Site Response Using the H/V Spectral Ratio Method[J].Terrestrial,Atmosphericand Oceanic Sciences,2006,17(3):533.
[27] 中国建筑科学研究院.工程抗震术语标准:JGJ/T 97-2011[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011.China Academy of Building Research.Standard for Terminology in Earthquake Engineering:JGJ/T 97-2011[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2011.
[28] 王海云.土层场地的放大作用随深度的变化规律研究——以金银岛岩土台阵为例[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(5):1498-1509.WANG Haiyun.Study on Variation of Soil Site Amplification with Depth:A Case at Treasure Island Geotechnical Array,San Francisco Bay[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(5):1498-1509.
[29] RONG M S,FU L Y,WANGZ M,et al.On the Amplitude Discrepancy of HVSR and Site Amplification from Strong-Motion Observations[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2017,107(6):2873-2884.
[30] DIMITRIU P P,PAPAIOANNOU C A,THEODULIDIS N P.EURO-SEISTEST Strong-Motion Array near Thessaloniki,Northern Greece:A Study of Site Effects[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1998,88(3):862-873.
[31] SATOH T,KAWASE H,MATSUSHIMA S.Differences between Site Characteristics Obtained from Microtremors,S-waves,P-waves,and Codas[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2001,91(2):313-334.
[32] 中国建筑科学研究院.建筑抗震设计规范:GB50011-2010[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016.China Academy of Building Research.Code for Seismic Design of Buildings:GB 5011-2010[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2016.
[2] EDWARD H Field.Spectral Amplification in a Sediment-filled Valley Exhibiting Clear Basin-edge-induced Waves[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1996,86(4):991-1005.
[3] 胡聿贤,孙平善,章在墉.场地条件对震害和地震动的影响[J].地震工程与工程振动,1980,1(1):34-41.HU Yuxian,SUN Pingshan,ZHANG Zaiyong.Effects of Site Conditions on Earthquake Damage and Ground Motion[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1980,1(1):34-41.
[4] NAKAMURA Y.A Method for Dynamic Characteristics Estimation of Subsurface Using Microtremor on the Ground Surface[J].QR Railway Tech Res Inst,1989,30(1):25-33.
[5] JAVIER Lermo,FRANCISCO JChávez-García.Site Effect Evaluation Using Spectral Ratios with Only One Station[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1993,83(5):1574-1594.
[6] FIELD E H,JACOB K H.A Comparison and Test of Various Site Response Estimation Techniques,Including Three That are not Reference Site Dependent[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1995,85(4):1127-1143.
[7] MOYA A.Estimation of Site Effects and Q Factor Using a Reference Event[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2003,93(4):1730-1745.
[8] ARCHULETA R J,SEALE S H,SANGAS P V.Garner Valley Downhole Array of Accelerometers:Instrumentation and Preliminary Data Analysis[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1992,82(4):1592-1621.
[9] BONILLA L F.Borehole Response Studies at the Garner Valley Downhole Array,Southern California[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2002,92(8):3165-3179.
[10] CHEN Q F,LIU L B,WANG W J,et al.Site Effects on Earthquake Ground Motion Based on Microtremor Measurements for Metropolitan Beijing[J].Science Bulletin,2009,54(2):280-287.
[11] 王伟君,刘澜波,陈棋福,等.应用微动H/V谱比法和台阵技术探测场地响应和浅层速度结构[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(6):1515-1525.WANG Weijun,LIU Lanbo,CHEN Qifu,et al.Applications of Microtremor H/V Spectral Ratio and Array Techniques in Assessing the Site Effect and near Surface Velocity Structure[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(6):1515-1525.
[12] NAGASHIMA F,MATSUSHIMA S,KAWASE H,et al.Application of Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratios of Earthquake Ground Motions to Identify Subsurface Structures at and around the K-NETSite in Tohoku,Japan[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2014,104(5):2288-2302.
[13] XU P,LING S,RAN W,et al.Estimating Cenozoic Thickness in the Beijing Plain Area Using Array Microtremor Data[J].Seismological Research Letters,2013,84(6):1039-1047.
[14] 郭明珠,周嗣平,徐国栋,等.基岩表面地脉动谱比研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(7):1068-1071.GUO Mingzhu,ZHOU Siping,XU Guodong,et al.Research on Microtremors Spectral Ratio of Horizontal to Vertical Component on Half Elastic Space[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(7):1068-1071.
[15] 卢滔,周正华,周雍年.关于Nakamura方法有效性的讨论[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(1):43-48.LU Tao,ZHOU Zhenghua,ZHOU Yongnian,et al.Discussion on Validation of Nakamura's Technique[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2006,26(1):43-48.
[16] 朱荣欢,苏有锦.用H/V谱比法计算云南区域数字地震台站的场地响应[J].地震研究,2007,30(3):248-252.ZHU Ronghuan,SU Youjin.Site Response of Yunnan Regional Digital Seismic Stations Calculated with H/V Spectral Ratios Method[J].Journalof Seismological Research,2007,30(3):248-252.
[17] 荣棉水,李小军,王振明,等.HVSR方法用于地震作用下场地效应分析的适用性研究[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(8):2878-2891.RONG Mianshui,LI Xiaojun,WANG Zhenming,et al.Applicability of HVSR in Analysis of Site-effects Caused by Earthquakes[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(8):2878-2891.
[18] THEODULIDIS N,BARD P Y,ARCHULETA R,et al.Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio and Geological Conditions:The Case of Garner Valley Downhole Array in Southern California[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1996,86(2):306-319.
[19] ZHANG Wenbo,MATSUNAMI Koji.A Comparison of Site-amplification Estimated from Different Methods Using a Strong Motion Observation Array in Tangshan,China[J].Proceedings of the 12th WCEE,2000:1-8.
[20] CASERTA A,BOORE D M,ROVELLI A,et al.Ground Motions Recorded in Rome during the April 2009 L'Aquila Seismic Sequence:Site Response and Comparison with Ground-Motion Predictions Based on a Global Dataset[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2013,103(3):1860-1874.
[21] 李正光,崔建文,赵云旭.滇南滇西南强震台网场地特征分析[J].地震研究,2013,36(4):508-513.LI Zhengguang,CUI Jianwen,ZHAO Yunxu,et al.Site Characteristic Analyses for Strong Earthquake Networks in Southern and Southwestern Yunnan[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2013,36(4):508-513.
[22] 章文波,谢礼立,郭明珠.利用强震记录分析场地的地震反应[J].地震学报,2001,23 (6):604-614.ZHANG Wenbo,XIE Lili,GUO Mingzhu.Estimation on Site-amplification from Different Methods Using Strong Motion Data Obtained in Tangshan,China[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2001,23(6):604-614.
[23] 周宝峰.强震观测中的关键技术研究[J].国际地震动态,2013(5):43-44.ZHOU Baofeng.Some Key Issues on the Strong Motion Observation[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,2013(5):43-44.
[24] KATSUAKIKonno,TATSUOOhmachi.Ground-Motion Cha-racteristics Estimated from Spectral Ratio between Horizontal and Vertical Components of Microtremor[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1998,88(1):228-241.
[25] NAKAMURA Y.On the H/V spectrum[C]// Proceedings of the 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,2008:201-211.
[26] WEN K L,CHANG T M,LIN C M,et al.Identification of Nonlinear Site Response Using the H/V Spectral Ratio Method[J].Terrestrial,Atmosphericand Oceanic Sciences,2006,17(3):533.
[27] 中国建筑科学研究院.工程抗震术语标准:JGJ/T 97-2011[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011.China Academy of Building Research.Standard for Terminology in Earthquake Engineering:JGJ/T 97-2011[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2011.
[28] 王海云.土层场地的放大作用随深度的变化规律研究——以金银岛岩土台阵为例[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(5):1498-1509.WANG Haiyun.Study on Variation of Soil Site Amplification with Depth:A Case at Treasure Island Geotechnical Array,San Francisco Bay[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(5):1498-1509.
[29] RONG M S,FU L Y,WANGZ M,et al.On the Amplitude Discrepancy of HVSR and Site Amplification from Strong-Motion Observations[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2017,107(6):2873-2884.
[30] DIMITRIU P P,PAPAIOANNOU C A,THEODULIDIS N P.EURO-SEISTEST Strong-Motion Array near Thessaloniki,Northern Greece:A Study of Site Effects[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1998,88(3):862-873.
[31] SATOH T,KAWASE H,MATSUSHIMA S.Differences between Site Characteristics Obtained from Microtremors,S-waves,P-waves,and Codas[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2001,91(2):313-334.
[32] 中国建筑科学研究院.建筑抗震设计规范:GB50011-2010[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016.China Academy of Building Research.Code for Seismic Design of Buildings:GB 5011-2010[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2016.