基于AFLP分析的伯乐树(Bretschneidera sinensis)谱系地理学研究
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摘要
伯乐树(Bretschneidera sinensis Hemsl.)是主要分布于中国的濒危物种。采用AFLP分子标记对分布于中国11个省的24个伯乐树居群192个个体进行谱系地理学研究。结果显示,伯乐树有相对较高的遗传多样性水平,基因多样性指数(He)和Shannon指数(Ⅰ)分别为0.2728和0.4070。伯乐树居群间的遗传分化远大于居群内遗传分化,遗传分化系数G_(ST)=0.7138,基因流N_m=0.2005。通过聚类分析、STRUCTURE分析和BAPS分析发现,24个伯乐树居群可形成4大地理居群组和进化谱系;云贵高原东部地区居群遗传多样性较高,可能是伯乐树在中国的扩散中心和冰期避难所,伯乐树在冰期后由此向外进行居群扩散;南岭地区各居群遗传多样性水平普遍高于其他地区,与邻近地区各居群的亲缘关系较近,可能为伯乐树演化历史上的另一个冰期避难所。
Bretschneidera sinensis Hemsl. is a rare plant species mainly distributed in China. In this study,amplified fragment length polymorphism( AFLP) data were used to analyze genetic diversity,genetic structure,and phylogeography of this species. A total of 192 individuals from24 populations in 11 provinces were sampled. Results showed a relatively high level of genetic diversity for B. sinensis,with an expected heterozygosity( He) and Shannon's diversity index(Ⅰ) of 0.2728 and 0.4070,respectively. Relatively high genetic differentiation( G_(ST)= 0.7138)and lower gene flow( N_m= 0.2005) among B. sinensis populations were detected. The infrapopulation genetic variations were significantly greater than the inter-population variations. Four phylogeographic groups were discovered from cluster,STRUCTURE,and BAPS analyses.Populations in the East Yungui Plateau showed high levels of genetic diversity with unique hereditary constitution. This area is a possible diversity center and glacial refuge for B. sinensis in China,which expanded northward,eastward,and southeastward after the last ice age.Populations from the Nanling Mountains,with a close relationship to their neighbor population,had higher genetic diversity than other areas. The Nanling Mountains are another probable glacial refuge in the evolutionary history of B. sinensis.
Bretschneidera sinensis Hemsl. is a rare plant species mainly distributed in China. In this study,amplified fragment length polymorphism( AFLP) data were used to analyze genetic diversity,genetic structure,and phylogeography of this species. A total of 192 individuals from24 populations in 11 provinces were sampled. Results showed a relatively high level of genetic diversity for B. sinensis,with an expected heterozygosity( He) and Shannon's diversity index(Ⅰ) of 0.2728 and 0.4070,respectively. Relatively high genetic differentiation( G_(ST)= 0.7138)and lower gene flow( N_m= 0.2005) among B. sinensis populations were detected. The infrapopulation genetic variations were significantly greater than the inter-population variations. Four phylogeographic groups were discovered from cluster,STRUCTURE,and BAPS analyses.Populations in the East Yungui Plateau showed high levels of genetic diversity with unique hereditary constitution. This area is a possible diversity center and glacial refuge for B. sinensis in China,which expanded northward,eastward,and southeastward after the last ice age.Populations from the Nanling Mountains,with a close relationship to their neighbor population,had higher genetic diversity than other areas. The Nanling Mountains are another probable glacial refuge in the evolutionary history of B. sinensis.
引文
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[11]Hu ZY,Lin L,Deng JF,Wang SH.Genetic diversity and differentiation among populations of Bretschneidera sinensis(Bretschneideraceae),a narrowly distributed and endemic species in China,detected by inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR)[J].Biochem Syst Ecol,2014,56(56):104-110.
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[15]乔琦,邢福武,陈红锋,钟文超.广东省南昆山伯乐树群落特征及其保护策略[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(2):377-384.Qiao Q,Xing FW,Chen HF,Zhong WC.Characteristics of community and in situ conservation strategy of Bretschneidera sinensis in Nankun Mountain,Guangdong Province[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2010,30(2):377-384.
[16]Qiao Q,Chen HF,Xing FW,Zhong WC,Wen XY,Hou XG.Pollination ecology of Bretschneidera sinensis(Hemsley),a rare and endangered tree in China[J].Pak J Bot,2012,44(6):1897-1903.
[17]Doyle JJ,Doyle JL.A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue[J].Phytochem Bull,1987,19:11-15.
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[19]周天华.中国特有属植物——马蹄香(Saruma henryi Oliv.)的分子谱系地理学与遗传多样性研究[D].西安:西北大学,2010:1-80.
[20]刘美华.长柄水青冈居群遗传结构和系统地理学研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2008:1-94.
[21]Charters YM,Robertson A,Wilkinson MJ,Ramsay G.PCR analysis of oilseed rape cultivars(Brassica napus L.ssp.oleifera)using 5’-anchored simplesequence repeat(SSR)primers[J].TAG Theor Appl Genet,1996,92(3-4):442-447.
[22]Mattioni C,Casasoli M,Gonzalez M,Ipinza R,Villani F.Comparison of ISSR and RAPD markers to characterize three Chilean Nothofagus species[J].TAG Theor Appl Genet,2002,104(6-7):1064-1070.
[23]Hewitt GM.Some genetic consequences of ice ages and their role in divergence and speciation[J].Bot J Linn Soc,1996,58(3):247-276.
[24]陈冬梅,康宏樟,刘春江.中国大陆第四纪冰期潜在植物避难所研究进展[J].植物研究,2011,31(5):623-632.Chen DM,Kang HZ,Liu CJ.An overview on the potential Quaternary glacial refugia of plants in China mainland[J].Buletin of Botanical Research,2011,31(5):623-632.
[25]沈浪,陈小勇,李媛媛.生物冰期避难所与冰期后的重新扩散[J].生态学报,2002,2(11):1983-1990.Shen L,Chen XY,Li YY.Glacial refugia and postglacial recolonization patterns of organism[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2002,22(11):1983-1990.
[26]Hamrick JL,Godt MJW.Allozyme diversity in plant species[C]//Brown AHD ed.Plant Population Genetics,Breeding and Genetic Resources.Sunderland:Sinauer Associates.Inc.,1990:43-63.
[27]Petit RJ,Duminil J,Fineschi S,Hampe A,Salvini D.Comparative organization of chloroplast,mitochondrial and nuclear diversity in plant populations[J].Mol Ecol,2005,14(3):689-701.
[28]Wang WT.On some distribution patterns and some migration routes found in the eastern Asiatic region[J].Acta Phytotaxon Sin,1992,30(1):1-24.
[29]Myers N,Mttiemreier RA,Mittermeier CG,Da Fonseca GA,Kent J.Biodiversity hotspots for conversation priorities[J].Nature,2001,403:853-858.
[30]龚维.孑遗植物银杏的分子亲缘地理学研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2007:1-169.
[31]Wang J,Gao P,Huang HW.Refugia within refugia:the case study of a canopy tree(Eurycorymbus cavaleriei)in subtropical China[J].J Biogeogr,2009,36(11):2156-2164.
[32]Ying J.Species diversity and distribution pattern of seed plants in China[J].Chin Biodivers,2000,9(4):393-398.
[33]Tian S,Pujol JL,Wang HW,Ge S,Zhang ZY.Molecular evidence for glacial expansion and interglacial retreat during quaternary climatic changes in a montane temperate pine(Pinus kwangtungensis Chun ex Tsiang)in southern China[J].Plant Syst Evol,2010,284(3-4):219-229.
[34]唐春燕,宋贤利,洪宝莹,郭菲力,曾秀桦,易绮斐,邢福武.澳门九澳山海滨群落特征分析与生态恢复建议[J].植物科学学报,2015,33(1):44-52.Tang CY,Song XL,Hong BY,Guo FL,Zeng XH,Yi QF,Xing FW.Characteristics of the coastal plant community and ecological restoration proposal on Ka Ho Hill,Macau[J].Plant Science Journal,2015,33(1):44-52.
[35]陈龙涛,石晓东,高润梅.山西陵川南方红豆杉群落种间联结与生态位特征研究[J].植物科学学报,2016,34(4):521-529.Chen LT,Shi XD,Gao RM.Interspecific association and niche characteristics of Taxus chinensis var.mairei communities in Lingchuan,Shanxi[J].Plant Science Journal,2016,34(4):521-529.
[2]王美娜.孑遗植物伯乐树谱系地理学研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2011:1-117.
[3]傅立国.中国植物红皮书[M].北京:科学出版社,1992:194-195.
[4]汪松,解焱.中国物种红色名录[M].北京:中国高等教育出版社,2004:336.
[5]国务院.国家重点保护野生植物名录(第一批)[J].植物杂志,1999,23(5):4-11.State Council.National wild plants list for protection(Ⅰ)[J].Plants,1999,23(5):4-11.
[6]彭沙沙,黄华宏,童再康,周厚君,时剑,余国民,骆文坚.濒危植物伯乐树遗传多样性的初步研究[J].植物遗传资源学报,2011,12(3):362-367.Peng SS,Huang HH,Tong ZK,Zhou HJ,Shi J,Yu GM,Luo WJ.Genetic diversity of endangered plant Bretschneidera sinensis[J].J Plant Genet Resources,2011,12(3):362-367.
[7]王美娜,乔琦,张荣京,胡普炜,杨国,陈红锋.广东南昆山与大岭山孑遗植物伯乐树群落特征比较与谱系地理学研究[J].广西植物,2011,31(6):789-794.Wang MN,Qiao Q,Zhang RJ,Hu PW,Yang G,Chen HF.Studies on the community feature comparison and phylogeography of relic plant Bretschneidera sinensis in Nankun and Daling Mountain,Guangdong Province[J].Guihaia,2011,31(6):789-794.
[8]林国锋.濒危植物钟萼木的分子标记及遗传多样性研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2011:1-72.
[9]徐刚标,梁艳,蒋燚,刘雄盛,胡尚力,肖玉菲,郝博搏.伯乐树种群遗传多样性及遗传结构[J].生物多样性,2013,21(6):723-731.Xu GB,Liang Y,Jiang Y,Liu XS,Hu SL,Xiao YF,Hao BB.Genetic diversity and population structure of Bretschneidera sinensis,an endangered species[J].Biodiversity Science,2013,21(6):723-731.
[10]梁艳.南岭地区伯乐树种群遗传多样性研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2013:1-56.
[11]Hu ZY,Lin L,Deng JF,Wang SH.Genetic diversity and differentiation among populations of Bretschneidera sinensis(Bretschneideraceae),a narrowly distributed and endemic species in China,detected by inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR)[J].Biochem Syst Ecol,2014,56(56):104-110.
[12]胡尚力.伯乐树的谱系地理学研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2014:1-44.
[13]林乐静,金楚齐,郑春豪,周亚美,周盈.武夷山地伯乐树种群遗传多样性的ISSR分析[J].植物研究,2015,35(4):559-563.Lin LJ,Jin CQ,Zheng CH,Zhou YM,Zhou Y.ISSR analysis on the genetic diversity of relic plant Bretschneidera sinensi from Wuyishan region[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2015,35(4):559-563.
[14]闫丽君.基于SSR标记的伯乐树遗传多样性分析[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2015:1-49.
[15]乔琦,邢福武,陈红锋,钟文超.广东省南昆山伯乐树群落特征及其保护策略[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(2):377-384.Qiao Q,Xing FW,Chen HF,Zhong WC.Characteristics of community and in situ conservation strategy of Bretschneidera sinensis in Nankun Mountain,Guangdong Province[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2010,30(2):377-384.
[16]Qiao Q,Chen HF,Xing FW,Zhong WC,Wen XY,Hou XG.Pollination ecology of Bretschneidera sinensis(Hemsley),a rare and endangered tree in China[J].Pak J Bot,2012,44(6):1897-1903.
[17]Doyle JJ,Doyle JL.A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue[J].Phytochem Bull,1987,19:11-15.
[18]Wright S.Evolution and the Genetics of Populations[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1978.
[19]周天华.中国特有属植物——马蹄香(Saruma henryi Oliv.)的分子谱系地理学与遗传多样性研究[D].西安:西北大学,2010:1-80.
[20]刘美华.长柄水青冈居群遗传结构和系统地理学研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2008:1-94.
[21]Charters YM,Robertson A,Wilkinson MJ,Ramsay G.PCR analysis of oilseed rape cultivars(Brassica napus L.ssp.oleifera)using 5’-anchored simplesequence repeat(SSR)primers[J].TAG Theor Appl Genet,1996,92(3-4):442-447.
[22]Mattioni C,Casasoli M,Gonzalez M,Ipinza R,Villani F.Comparison of ISSR and RAPD markers to characterize three Chilean Nothofagus species[J].TAG Theor Appl Genet,2002,104(6-7):1064-1070.
[23]Hewitt GM.Some genetic consequences of ice ages and their role in divergence and speciation[J].Bot J Linn Soc,1996,58(3):247-276.
[24]陈冬梅,康宏樟,刘春江.中国大陆第四纪冰期潜在植物避难所研究进展[J].植物研究,2011,31(5):623-632.Chen DM,Kang HZ,Liu CJ.An overview on the potential Quaternary glacial refugia of plants in China mainland[J].Buletin of Botanical Research,2011,31(5):623-632.
[25]沈浪,陈小勇,李媛媛.生物冰期避难所与冰期后的重新扩散[J].生态学报,2002,2(11):1983-1990.Shen L,Chen XY,Li YY.Glacial refugia and postglacial recolonization patterns of organism[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2002,22(11):1983-1990.
[26]Hamrick JL,Godt MJW.Allozyme diversity in plant species[C]//Brown AHD ed.Plant Population Genetics,Breeding and Genetic Resources.Sunderland:Sinauer Associates.Inc.,1990:43-63.
[27]Petit RJ,Duminil J,Fineschi S,Hampe A,Salvini D.Comparative organization of chloroplast,mitochondrial and nuclear diversity in plant populations[J].Mol Ecol,2005,14(3):689-701.
[28]Wang WT.On some distribution patterns and some migration routes found in the eastern Asiatic region[J].Acta Phytotaxon Sin,1992,30(1):1-24.
[29]Myers N,Mttiemreier RA,Mittermeier CG,Da Fonseca GA,Kent J.Biodiversity hotspots for conversation priorities[J].Nature,2001,403:853-858.
[30]龚维.孑遗植物银杏的分子亲缘地理学研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2007:1-169.
[31]Wang J,Gao P,Huang HW.Refugia within refugia:the case study of a canopy tree(Eurycorymbus cavaleriei)in subtropical China[J].J Biogeogr,2009,36(11):2156-2164.
[32]Ying J.Species diversity and distribution pattern of seed plants in China[J].Chin Biodivers,2000,9(4):393-398.
[33]Tian S,Pujol JL,Wang HW,Ge S,Zhang ZY.Molecular evidence for glacial expansion and interglacial retreat during quaternary climatic changes in a montane temperate pine(Pinus kwangtungensis Chun ex Tsiang)in southern China[J].Plant Syst Evol,2010,284(3-4):219-229.
[34]唐春燕,宋贤利,洪宝莹,郭菲力,曾秀桦,易绮斐,邢福武.澳门九澳山海滨群落特征分析与生态恢复建议[J].植物科学学报,2015,33(1):44-52.Tang CY,Song XL,Hong BY,Guo FL,Zeng XH,Yi QF,Xing FW.Characteristics of the coastal plant community and ecological restoration proposal on Ka Ho Hill,Macau[J].Plant Science Journal,2015,33(1):44-52.
[35]陈龙涛,石晓东,高润梅.山西陵川南方红豆杉群落种间联结与生态位特征研究[J].植物科学学报,2016,34(4):521-529.Chen LT,Shi XD,Gao RM.Interspecific association and niche characteristics of Taxus chinensis var.mairei communities in Lingchuan,Shanxi[J].Plant Science Journal,2016,34(4):521-529.