中国植物谱系地理学研究进展
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摘要
中国境内地形地势错综复杂,使得中国境内物种的演化也变得非常复杂,尽管国内外学者对这一区域做了大量的动植物的谱系地理学研究,但未能得出一个清晰、普遍的谱系地理格局。本综述通过整理近十年来在国际杂志上发表的相关文献,探讨了气候动荡、地质变化、岛屿形成和人类活动等因素对中国境内植物谱系地理格局形成的作用,发现在第四纪,"扩张-收缩"模型并不完全适用于中国南部植物的种群动态;山脉的隆起造成的栖息地的片段化、排水系统的改变,反复的冰期循环协同或独自驱动着西南山区植物的隔离与分化;气候动荡和/或沙漠扩张导致了西北地区植物的分化和物种形成;杂交引起了同域分布近缘种的分化;岛屿因与大陆分分合合,导致其时而为植物散播的隔离屏障,时而为迁徙廊道;受花粉和种子散播能力的限制,人类活动对植物种群分化的影响程度不定。在此基础上,结合现有研究的重点及不足,对未来研究提出了展望,即重视传统分类的研究;加强合作,标本共享;增加对广布种和植物微生物的研究;关注新兴测序技术和生物地理模型的应用。
The terrain of China is very complicated, so as to that the evolution of species has become very complex. Numerous studies on the phylogeography of flora and fauna have been done in China by domestic and foreign scholars, but they have not come up with a clear and general phylogeographic pattern. Through the related documents published in international journals in the past decade, following the effective factors of climate change,geological accident, islands formation, activity of the human race and other factors, the study discussed how these factors affect the phylogeography pattern of plant in China. We found that in quaternary, "Expansion and contraction" model was not fully applicable for the plants population dynamics of south China. The fragmentation of habitats, the changes of drainage systems caused by upheaval of mountains and recurrent glacial cycles might alone or synergistically drive the segregation and differentiation of plants in southwest mountain. Climate change and/or expanding deserts led to the differentiation and speciation of plants in the northwest. The hybridization was the drive force for the differentiation of the sympatric closely related species. Islands were barriers of plant spread or corridors of species migration depending on its distance to mainland. The population differentiation of plants was driven by human activities in some cases limited by pollen and seed dispersal. On this basis, combined with theexisting research focus and deficiencies, the future research was proposed, which were to pay attention to the traditional classification of research, strengthen cooperation and specimen sharing, increase the research on the widespread species and plant microorganism as well as focus on the application of emerging sequencing technologies and biogeographic models.
The terrain of China is very complicated, so as to that the evolution of species has become very complex. Numerous studies on the phylogeography of flora and fauna have been done in China by domestic and foreign scholars, but they have not come up with a clear and general phylogeographic pattern. Through the related documents published in international journals in the past decade, following the effective factors of climate change,geological accident, islands formation, activity of the human race and other factors, the study discussed how these factors affect the phylogeography pattern of plant in China. We found that in quaternary, "Expansion and contraction" model was not fully applicable for the plants population dynamics of south China. The fragmentation of habitats, the changes of drainage systems caused by upheaval of mountains and recurrent glacial cycles might alone or synergistically drive the segregation and differentiation of plants in southwest mountain. Climate change and/or expanding deserts led to the differentiation and speciation of plants in the northwest. The hybridization was the drive force for the differentiation of the sympatric closely related species. Islands were barriers of plant spread or corridors of species migration depending on its distance to mainland. The population differentiation of plants was driven by human activities in some cases limited by pollen and seed dispersal. On this basis, combined with theexisting research focus and deficiencies, the future research was proposed, which were to pay attention to the traditional classification of research, strengthen cooperation and specimen sharing, increase the research on the widespread species and plant microorganism as well as focus on the application of emerging sequencing technologies and biogeographic models.
引文
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Hughes C.,and Eastwood R.,2006,Exceptional rates of plant diversification after uplift of the andes,Pro.Natl.Acad.Sci USA,103(27):10334-10339
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Chaves J.A.,Weir J.T.,and Smith T.B.,2011,Diversification in adelomyia hummingbirds follows andean uplift,Mol.,20(21):45-64
Che J.,Zhou W.W.,Hu J.S.,Yan F.,Papenfuss T.J.,Wake D.B.,and Zhang Y.P.,2010,Spiny frogs(paini)illuminate the history of the himalayan region and Southeast Asia,Pro.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,107(31):13765-13770
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Du Z.Y.,and Wang Q.F.,2016,Allopatric divergence of Stuckenia filiformis(potamogetonaceae)on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and its comparative phylogeography with S.pectinata in China,Sci.Rep.,6:20883
Fouquet A.,Green D.M.,Waldman B.,Bowsher J.H.,Mcbride K.P.,and Gemmell N.J.,2010,Phylogeography of Leiopelma hochstetteri reveals strong genetic structure and suggests new conservation priorities,Conserv.Genet.,11(3):907-919
Gao L.M.,Moller M.,Zhang X.M.,Hollingsworth M.L.,Liu J.,Mill R.R.,Gibby M.,and Li D.Z.,2007,High variation and strong phylogeographic pattern among cpDNA haplotypes in Taxus wallichiana(Taxaceae)in China and North Vietnam,Mol.Ecol.,16(22):4684-4698
Hang H.X.,and Zhang M.L.,2012,Genetic structure of the delPhinium naviculare species group tracks pleistocene climatic oscillations in the Tianshan mountains,arid central Asia,Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,353(5):93-103
He D.,and Chen Y.,2006,Biogeography and molecular phylogeny of the genus Schizothorax(Teleostei:Cyprinidae)in China inferred from cytochrome b sequences,J.Biogeogr.,33(8):1448-1460
Hewitt G.M.,2000,The genetic legacy of the quaternary ice ages,Nature,405(6789):907-913
Hewitt G.M.,2010,Some genetic consequences of ice ages,and their role in divergence and speciation,Biol.J.Linn.Soc.,58(3):247-276
Hua Z.,2015,Biogeography of Shangri-la flora in southwestern China,Phytotaxa,203(3):231-244
Hughes C.,and Eastwood R.,2006,Exceptional rates of plant diversification after uplift of the andes,Pro.Natl.Acad.Sci USA,103(27):10334-10339
Jordi L.,Zhang F.,Sun H.,Ying T.,and Song G.,2011,Centres of plant endemism in China:places for survival or for speciation,J.Biogeogr.,38(7):1267-1280
Ju L.,Wang H.,and Jiang D.,2007,Simulation of the last glacia maximum climate over East Asia with a regional climate model nested in a general circulation model,Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,248(3):376-390
Kohn L.M.,2005,Mechanisms of fungal speciation,Ann.Rev Phytopathol.,43(43):279-308
Lemmon E.M.,Lemmon A.R.,and Cannatella D.C.,2007,Geological and climatic forces driving speciation in the continentally distributed trilling chorus frogs(Pseudacris),Evolution,61(9):2086-2103
Li Z.,Yu G.,Rao D.,and Yang J.,2012,Phylogeography and demographic history of Babina pleuraden(Anura,Ranidae)in southwestern China,PLoS One,7(3):e34013
Liu J.Q.,Wang Y.J.,Wang A.L.,Hideaki O.,and Abbott R.J.2006,Radiation and diversification within the Ligularia-Cremanthodium-Parasenecio complex(Asteraceae)triggered by uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Mol.Phylogenet Evol.,38(1):31-49
Lu Q.,Zhu J.,Dan Y.,and Xu X.,2016,Genetic and geographical structure of boreal plants in their southern range:phylogeography of Hippuris vulgaris in China,BMC Evol.Biol.16(1):34-43
Macqueen P.,Goldizen A.W.,Austin J.J.,and Seddon J.M.,2011Phylogeography of the pademelons(Marsupialia:Macropodidae:Thylogale)in New Guinea reflects both geologica and climatic events during the Plio‐Pleistocene,J.Biogeogr.,38(9):1732-1747
O'brien S.J.,1994,A role for molecular genetics in biologica conservation,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,91(13):5748-5755
Pinot S.,Ramstein G.,Harrison S.P.,Prentice I.C.,Guiot J.,Stute M.,and Joussaume S.,1999,Tropical paleoclimates at the Last Glacial Maximum:comparison of Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project(PMIP)simulations and paleodata,Climate Dynamics,15(11):857-874
Qian H.,and Ricklefs R.E.,2000,Large-scale processes and the asian bias in species diversity of temperate plants,Nature407(6801):180-182
Qiu Y.X.,Fu C.X.,and Comes H.P.,2011,Plant molecular phylogeography in China and adjacent regions:tracing the genetic imprints of quaternary climate and environmental change in the world's most diverse temperate flora,Mol.Phylogenet.Evol.,59(1):225-244
Shi H.,Hung H.,Schubart C.,Chen C.,and Chang H.,2006,Intraspecific genetic diversity of the endemic freshwater crab Candidiopotamon rathbunae(Decapoda,Brachyura,Potamidae)reflects five million years of the geological history of Taiwan,J.Biogeogr.,33(6):980-989
Shi Y.,2002,Characteristics of late Quaternary monsoonal glaciation on the Tibetan Plateau and in East Asia,Quatern.Int.,97(2):79-91
Tian S.,Lei S.Q.,Hu W.,Deng L.L.,Li B.,Meng Q.L.,Soltis D.E.,Soltis P.S.,Fan D.M.,and Zhang Z.Y.,2015,Repeated range expansions and inter-/postglacial recolonization routes of Sargentodoxa cuneata(Oliv.)Rehd.et Wils.(Lardizabalaceae)in subtropical China revealed by chloroplast phylogeography,Mol.Phylogenet.Evol.,85:238-246
Tian S.,López-Pujol J.,Wang H.W.,Ge S.,and Zhang Z.Y.,2010,Molecular evidence for glacial expansion and interglacial retreat during Quaternary climatic changes in a montane temperate pine(Pinus kwangtungensis Chun ex Tsiang)in southern China,Plant Syst.Evol.,284(3):219-229
Tong Y.,Wu C.Y.,and Gao L.Z.,2013,Characterization of chloroplast microsatellite loci from whole chloroplast genome of Camellia taliensis and their utilization for evaluating genetic diversity of Camellia reticulata(Theaceae),Bio.Sys.Ecol.,50(4):207-211
Triantis K.A.,and Mylonas M.,2009,Greek islands biology,Berkeley,CA,University of Galifornia Press,UK,pp.388-392
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