施用沼肥对土壤和油菜中重金属Cd、As的影响
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摘要
沼肥是一种在农业生产中广泛应用的有机肥,为了研究施用沼肥对土壤和油菜中重金属含量的影响,以Cd、As为研究对象,用盆栽的方式,以抗病苏州青油菜为种植作物,选取棕壤土,通过基肥与追肥配合施用,研究沼渣与沼液配合施用和猪粪与化肥配合施用对土壤及油菜各部位重金属含量的影响,为沼肥的合理安全利用提供理论依据。试验结果表明:沼渣沼液配合施用和猪粪化肥配合施用可以增加油菜鲜重;沼渣沼液配合施用后,土壤中重金属Cd含量无明显变化,重金属As的含量明显增加,过量施用沼渣沼液后土壤重金属As含量降低;沼渣沼液配合施用会显著降低油菜茎叶部Cd、As含量以及茎叶部Cd、As富集系数。过量施肥对茎叶部Cd、As含量无明显影响,但会增加油菜茎叶部Cd、As富集系数。
This research applied biogas residue combined with slurry or pig manure combined with chemical fertilizer for rape, and to study the effect of biogas manure on heavy metal contents in Brown Earth and Suzhou rape. The results showed that the application of biogas residue combined with slurry and pig manure combined with chemical fertilizer increased the fresh weight of rape. The application of biogas residue combined with slurry had no significant effects on the content of Cd in soil, but increased obviously the content of As. The content of As in soil reduced after the excessive application of biogas residue combined with slurry. The contents of Cd and As and their enrichment coefficients in the stem and leaf of rape were decreased after the application of biogas residue and slurry combined with chemical fertilizers. Excess fertilization had no significant effect on Cd and As contents in stem and leaf, but increased the enrichment coefficients of Cd and As.
This research applied biogas residue combined with slurry or pig manure combined with chemical fertilizer for rape, and to study the effect of biogas manure on heavy metal contents in Brown Earth and Suzhou rape. The results showed that the application of biogas residue combined with slurry and pig manure combined with chemical fertilizer increased the fresh weight of rape. The application of biogas residue combined with slurry had no significant effects on the content of Cd in soil, but increased obviously the content of As. The content of As in soil reduced after the excessive application of biogas residue combined with slurry. The contents of Cd and As and their enrichment coefficients in the stem and leaf of rape were decreased after the application of biogas residue and slurry combined with chemical fertilizers. Excess fertilization had no significant effect on Cd and As contents in stem and leaf, but increased the enrichment coefficients of Cd and As.
引文
[1]郝胤博.沼肥对作物品质及元素含量影响的研究[D].南昌:南昌大学,2012.
[2]薛云云.沼肥在蔬菜上的应用研究状况与问题分析[D].杨陵:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[3]赵凤莲.不同来源沼肥对蔬菜产量和品质的影响及环境效应研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2011.
[4]何波澜.猪场粪污重金属含量及镉和砷在沼草循环中迁移规律研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2013.
[5]COGGINS A M,JENNLNGS SG,EBINGHAUS R.Accumulation rates of the heavy metals lead,mercury and cadmium in ombrotrephic peatlands in the west of Ireland[J].Atmospheric Environment,2006,40(2):260-278.
[6]高燕,赵玉柱.沼肥施用对植物和土壤中重金属含量的影响.安徽农业科学[J].2013,41(29):11654-11657.
[7]陈苗,崔岩山.畜禽固废沼肥中重金属来源及其生物有效性研究进展[J].土壤通报,2012,43(1):249-256.
[8]何强,MHAMADI Anthony Thomas,吉芳英,等.应用ICP-MS同时分析养殖场污物及其沼液中的重金属元素[J].光谱学与光谱析,2012,32(12):3399-3401.
[9]曲连发,王生民,王定杰,等.沼液营养元素及重金属元素含量测定[J].猪业科学,2016,33(9):94-95.
[10]魏世清,蒲小东,李金怀,等.猪场粪污厌氧发酵前后理化特性及重金属含量变化分析[J].中国沼气,2014,32(6):40-43.
[11]徐庆贤,官雪芳,林碧芬,等.不同施肥种类对土壤及脐橙中的重金属含量的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2011,23(5):977-982.
[12]覃舟.施用沼液对紫甘蓝产量、营养品质及土壤质量的影响[J].江西农业学报,2009,(7):83-86.
[13]梁丽娜,黄雅曦,杨合法,等.污泥农用对土壤和作物重金属累积及作物产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2009,(6):81-86.
[14]倪亮,孙广辉,罗光恩,等.沼液灌溉对土壤质量的影响[J].土壤,2008,(4):608-611.
[15]蔡茂,余雪标,周卫卫,等.沼液排放对土壤质量的影响[J].热带生物学报,2014,(1)52-56.
[16]DUAN G L,ZHANG H M,LIU Y X,et al.Long-term fertilization with pig-biogas residues results in heavy metal accumulation in paddy field and rice grains in Jiaxing of China[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,58(5):637-646.
[17]高红莉.施用沼肥对青菜产量品质及土壤质量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(增刊):43-47.
[18]Chary N S,Kamala CT,Raj D S S.Assessing risk of heavy metals from consuming food grown on sewage irrigated soils and food chain transfer[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2008,69:513-524.
[19]徐伟朴,陈同斌,刘俊良.规模化畜禽养殖对环境的污染及防治策略.环境科学,2004,(25):105-108.
[20]蒲瑞丰,康尔泗,王轲.石羊河流域典型工业区土壤重金属污染状况研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(9):129-133.
[21]FERNANDO F,ROSANA G-DE-LA-F,ROSA M B,et al.‘Alperujo’compost amendment of contaminated calcareous and acidic soils:Effects on growth and trace element uptake by five Brassica species[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100:3982-3990.
[22]KULDEEPB,RANA P S.Growth,tolerance efficiency and phytoremediation potential of Ricinuscommunis(L.)and Brassica juncea(L.)in salinity and drought affected cadmium contaminated soil[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2012,85:13-22.
[23]LAVADO R S,RODRIGUEZ M B,TABOADA M A.Treatment with biosolids affects soil availability and plant uptake of potentially toxic elements[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2005,109:360-364.
[24]MARCATO C E,PINELLI E,CECCHI M,et al.Bioavailability of Cu and Zn in raw and anaerobically digested pig slurry[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2009,72(5):1538-1544.
[25]李轶,刘荣厚,张振,敖永华,刘德军.沼液对番茄产量及其植株生理活性指标的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2002,(2):103-106.
[26]孔德杰,杨改河,任广鑫,等.沼肥不同用量对小麦光合特性和产量的影响[J].西北农业学报,2008,(2):64-69.
[2]薛云云.沼肥在蔬菜上的应用研究状况与问题分析[D].杨陵:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[3]赵凤莲.不同来源沼肥对蔬菜产量和品质的影响及环境效应研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2011.
[4]何波澜.猪场粪污重金属含量及镉和砷在沼草循环中迁移规律研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2013.
[5]COGGINS A M,JENNLNGS SG,EBINGHAUS R.Accumulation rates of the heavy metals lead,mercury and cadmium in ombrotrephic peatlands in the west of Ireland[J].Atmospheric Environment,2006,40(2):260-278.
[6]高燕,赵玉柱.沼肥施用对植物和土壤中重金属含量的影响.安徽农业科学[J].2013,41(29):11654-11657.
[7]陈苗,崔岩山.畜禽固废沼肥中重金属来源及其生物有效性研究进展[J].土壤通报,2012,43(1):249-256.
[8]何强,MHAMADI Anthony Thomas,吉芳英,等.应用ICP-MS同时分析养殖场污物及其沼液中的重金属元素[J].光谱学与光谱析,2012,32(12):3399-3401.
[9]曲连发,王生民,王定杰,等.沼液营养元素及重金属元素含量测定[J].猪业科学,2016,33(9):94-95.
[10]魏世清,蒲小东,李金怀,等.猪场粪污厌氧发酵前后理化特性及重金属含量变化分析[J].中国沼气,2014,32(6):40-43.
[11]徐庆贤,官雪芳,林碧芬,等.不同施肥种类对土壤及脐橙中的重金属含量的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2011,23(5):977-982.
[12]覃舟.施用沼液对紫甘蓝产量、营养品质及土壤质量的影响[J].江西农业学报,2009,(7):83-86.
[13]梁丽娜,黄雅曦,杨合法,等.污泥农用对土壤和作物重金属累积及作物产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2009,(6):81-86.
[14]倪亮,孙广辉,罗光恩,等.沼液灌溉对土壤质量的影响[J].土壤,2008,(4):608-611.
[15]蔡茂,余雪标,周卫卫,等.沼液排放对土壤质量的影响[J].热带生物学报,2014,(1)52-56.
[16]DUAN G L,ZHANG H M,LIU Y X,et al.Long-term fertilization with pig-biogas residues results in heavy metal accumulation in paddy field and rice grains in Jiaxing of China[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,58(5):637-646.
[17]高红莉.施用沼肥对青菜产量品质及土壤质量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(增刊):43-47.
[18]Chary N S,Kamala CT,Raj D S S.Assessing risk of heavy metals from consuming food grown on sewage irrigated soils and food chain transfer[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2008,69:513-524.
[19]徐伟朴,陈同斌,刘俊良.规模化畜禽养殖对环境的污染及防治策略.环境科学,2004,(25):105-108.
[20]蒲瑞丰,康尔泗,王轲.石羊河流域典型工业区土壤重金属污染状况研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(9):129-133.
[21]FERNANDO F,ROSANA G-DE-LA-F,ROSA M B,et al.‘Alperujo’compost amendment of contaminated calcareous and acidic soils:Effects on growth and trace element uptake by five Brassica species[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100:3982-3990.
[22]KULDEEPB,RANA P S.Growth,tolerance efficiency and phytoremediation potential of Ricinuscommunis(L.)and Brassica juncea(L.)in salinity and drought affected cadmium contaminated soil[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2012,85:13-22.
[23]LAVADO R S,RODRIGUEZ M B,TABOADA M A.Treatment with biosolids affects soil availability and plant uptake of potentially toxic elements[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2005,109:360-364.
[24]MARCATO C E,PINELLI E,CECCHI M,et al.Bioavailability of Cu and Zn in raw and anaerobically digested pig slurry[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2009,72(5):1538-1544.
[25]李轶,刘荣厚,张振,敖永华,刘德军.沼液对番茄产量及其植株生理活性指标的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2002,(2):103-106.
[26]孔德杰,杨改河,任广鑫,等.沼肥不同用量对小麦光合特性和产量的影响[J].西北农业学报,2008,(2):64-69.