膜间喷施2种二硝基苯胺类除草剂对谷田杂草药效及安全性评价
|
摘要
针对谷子对大多数除草剂较为敏感,人工除草费时又费力,制约谷子生产发展这一问题,以覆膜谷子膜间喷施除草剂为前提,以张杂谷10号为材料,筛选氟乐灵、二甲戊灵2种二硝基苯胺类土壤处理剂,在谷子播后1 d膜间喷施,对谷子的安全性及膜间施用的各土壤处理剂的有效性进行评价。结果表明,氟乐灵、二甲戊灵3～12 L/hm~2各处理株防效、鲜质量防效分别为68.99%～95.13%,62.97%～96.13%,2个供试除草剂品种9,12 L/hm~2用量对张杂谷10号的生长有一定影响,表现为出苗率、株高和产量受抑制,3,6 L/hm~2用量与CK产量间无显著差异。从除草效果和安全性2个方面综合考虑,覆膜谷田应用土壤处理除草剂防除杂草推荐6 L/hm~2用量的氟乐灵和6 L/hm~2用量的二甲戊灵。综上所述,膜间喷施2种土壤处理剂可以大大避免谷子种子或幼苗与除草剂直接接触,减少药害发生,扩大除草剂的应用范围。
For the problem of crop are more sensitive to most herbicides and artificial weeding needs a lot of time and effort, which restricts the development of crop production, taking film-covered crop sprayed herbicide between films as the premise, Zhangzagu 10 as the material, 2 kinds of soil treatment agents of trifluralin, dimethyl valerate were screened. They were sprayed between films one day after crop sowing, the safety of crop and the effectiveness of each soil treatment agent applied in the films were evaluated. The results showed that the all treatments plant prevention effect and the fresh quality prevention effect of trifluralin, dimethyl valerate were 68.99%-95.13%,62.97%-96.13%, respectively, 2 herbicide varieties 9, 12 L/hm~2 dosage had a certain effect on the growth of Zhangzagu 10, showing that the emergence rate, plant height and yield were inhibited, and the yield of 3, 6 L/hm~2 dosage was not significantly different from that of CK. From the aspects of weeding effect and safety, it is recommended to use 6 L/hm~2 dosage of dimethyl valerate and 6 L/hm~2 dosage trifluralin to weed in film-covered crop field. To sum up, spraying 2 kinds of soil treatment agent can greatly avoid direct contact of crop seeds or seedlings and herbicide, reduce the occurrence of drug damage, expand the scope of application of herbicides.
For the problem of crop are more sensitive to most herbicides and artificial weeding needs a lot of time and effort, which restricts the development of crop production, taking film-covered crop sprayed herbicide between films as the premise, Zhangzagu 10 as the material, 2 kinds of soil treatment agents of trifluralin, dimethyl valerate were screened. They were sprayed between films one day after crop sowing, the safety of crop and the effectiveness of each soil treatment agent applied in the films were evaluated. The results showed that the all treatments plant prevention effect and the fresh quality prevention effect of trifluralin, dimethyl valerate were 68.99%-95.13%,62.97%-96.13%, respectively, 2 herbicide varieties 9, 12 L/hm~2 dosage had a certain effect on the growth of Zhangzagu 10, showing that the emergence rate, plant height and yield were inhibited, and the yield of 3, 6 L/hm~2 dosage was not significantly different from that of CK. From the aspects of weeding effect and safety, it is recommended to use 6 L/hm~2 dosage of dimethyl valerate and 6 L/hm~2 dosage trifluralin to weed in film-covered crop field. To sum up, spraying 2 kinds of soil treatment agent can greatly avoid direct contact of crop seeds or seedlings and herbicide, reduce the occurrence of drug damage, expand the scope of application of herbicides.
引文
[1]陈文华.农业考古[M].北京:文物出版社,2002:42-45.
[2]穆婷婷,张福耀,李志华,等.不同时期施硒对谷子硒含量、有机硒转化率及谷子品质的影响[J].华北农学报,2018,33(6):193-198.
[3]李顺国.谷子与五谷文化[N].河北科技报,2014-12-11.
[4]李引平.山西省小杂粮生产优势及发展思路[J].山西农业科学,2010,38(2):3-5,59.
[5]山西省农业科学院.中国谷子栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1987:323-348.
[6]李萌梅.谷子育种学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1997.
[7]宋喜娥,王宏富,郭平毅,等.速收除草肥对谷子的安全性及对谷田杂草的防除研究[J].山西农业科学,2010,38(5):57-59.
[8]段胜军,李顺国,全建章,等.谷田除草剂谷草灵应用技术研究[J].河北农业科学,2004,8(2):104-106.
[9]柳玉凤,谢英荷,李廷亮,等.地膜覆盖对旱地作物产量及土壤水分影响的研究概述[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(3):461-465.
[10]许香春,王朝云.国内外地膜覆盖栽培现状及展望[J].中国麻业,2006,28(1):6-11.
[11]崔纪菡,孟建,刘猛,等.不同类型地膜的谷地杂草防除效果和土壤水温效应研究[J].河北农业科学,2017,21(1):6-11,14.
[12]赵欣,林超文,徐明桥,等.水稻覆膜处理对稻田杂草多样性的影响[J].生物多样性,2009,17(2):195-200.
[13]张炳炎,苏桂芝.地膜小麦田杂草发生规律及其防除研究[C]//中国植物保护学会杂草学分会会议论文集.南宁:中国植物保护学会,2007.
[14]樊翠芹,王贵启,李秉华,等.河北省棉田杂草发生规律及化学防除[J].河北农业科学,2009,13(10):23-25.
[15]孙涛.有色和生物降解地膜覆盖对花生产量形成与土壤微环境的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2015.
[16]补彬,杨继芝,龚国淑,等.地膜覆盖和除草剂对夏玉米田杂草及玉米生长发育的影响[J].杂草学报,2013,31(3):40-43.
[17]BARROS,J F C,BASCH G.,DE CARVALHO,M.Effect of reduced doses of a post-emergence graminicide mixture to control Lolium rigidum G.in winter wheat under direct drilling in Mediterranean environment[J].Crop Prot.,2005,24:880-887.
[18]ZHANG J,WEAVER S E,HAMILL A.Risks and reliability of using herbicides at below-labeled doses[J].Weed Technol,2000,14:106-115.
[19]吾尔古丽·艾麦提,艾米拉古丽·艾麦提.乙草胺对小麦出苗及幼苗生长的安全性评价[J].新疆农业科技,2009(5):59.
[20]李志华,景小兰,李会霞,等.谷子苗期除草剂的安全性及杂草防效研究[J].作物杂志,2017(1):150-154.
[21]刘阳,郭平毅,原向阳,等.叶面喷施二甲四氯对‘张杂谷10号’光合特性及产量构成的影响[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(9):1311-1318.
[22]ROBINSON A P,SIMPSON D M,JOHNSON W G.Response of glyphosate-tolerant soybean yield components to dicamba exposure[J].Weed Sci,2013,61:526-536.
[23]田伯红,王建广,李雅静,等.杂交谷子适宜除草剂筛选研究[J].河北农业科学,2010,14(11):46-47.
[2]穆婷婷,张福耀,李志华,等.不同时期施硒对谷子硒含量、有机硒转化率及谷子品质的影响[J].华北农学报,2018,33(6):193-198.
[3]李顺国.谷子与五谷文化[N].河北科技报,2014-12-11.
[4]李引平.山西省小杂粮生产优势及发展思路[J].山西农业科学,2010,38(2):3-5,59.
[5]山西省农业科学院.中国谷子栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1987:323-348.
[6]李萌梅.谷子育种学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1997.
[7]宋喜娥,王宏富,郭平毅,等.速收除草肥对谷子的安全性及对谷田杂草的防除研究[J].山西农业科学,2010,38(5):57-59.
[8]段胜军,李顺国,全建章,等.谷田除草剂谷草灵应用技术研究[J].河北农业科学,2004,8(2):104-106.
[9]柳玉凤,谢英荷,李廷亮,等.地膜覆盖对旱地作物产量及土壤水分影响的研究概述[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(3):461-465.
[10]许香春,王朝云.国内外地膜覆盖栽培现状及展望[J].中国麻业,2006,28(1):6-11.
[11]崔纪菡,孟建,刘猛,等.不同类型地膜的谷地杂草防除效果和土壤水温效应研究[J].河北农业科学,2017,21(1):6-11,14.
[12]赵欣,林超文,徐明桥,等.水稻覆膜处理对稻田杂草多样性的影响[J].生物多样性,2009,17(2):195-200.
[13]张炳炎,苏桂芝.地膜小麦田杂草发生规律及其防除研究[C]//中国植物保护学会杂草学分会会议论文集.南宁:中国植物保护学会,2007.
[14]樊翠芹,王贵启,李秉华,等.河北省棉田杂草发生规律及化学防除[J].河北农业科学,2009,13(10):23-25.
[15]孙涛.有色和生物降解地膜覆盖对花生产量形成与土壤微环境的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2015.
[16]补彬,杨继芝,龚国淑,等.地膜覆盖和除草剂对夏玉米田杂草及玉米生长发育的影响[J].杂草学报,2013,31(3):40-43.
[17]BARROS,J F C,BASCH G.,DE CARVALHO,M.Effect of reduced doses of a post-emergence graminicide mixture to control Lolium rigidum G.in winter wheat under direct drilling in Mediterranean environment[J].Crop Prot.,2005,24:880-887.
[18]ZHANG J,WEAVER S E,HAMILL A.Risks and reliability of using herbicides at below-labeled doses[J].Weed Technol,2000,14:106-115.
[19]吾尔古丽·艾麦提,艾米拉古丽·艾麦提.乙草胺对小麦出苗及幼苗生长的安全性评价[J].新疆农业科技,2009(5):59.
[20]李志华,景小兰,李会霞,等.谷子苗期除草剂的安全性及杂草防效研究[J].作物杂志,2017(1):150-154.
[21]刘阳,郭平毅,原向阳,等.叶面喷施二甲四氯对‘张杂谷10号’光合特性及产量构成的影响[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(9):1311-1318.
[22]ROBINSON A P,SIMPSON D M,JOHNSON W G.Response of glyphosate-tolerant soybean yield components to dicamba exposure[J].Weed Sci,2013,61:526-536.
[23]田伯红,王建广,李雅静,等.杂交谷子适宜除草剂筛选研究[J].河北农业科学,2010,14(11):46-47.