环境因素对不同地区牛筋草种子萌发的影响
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摘要
为了探明牛筋草种子的萌发特性及其关键环境影响因子,为在复杂的农业环境条件下,对牛筋草综合治理奠定基础,本研究通过室内生测试验,研究了温度、光照、盐碱度、干旱、pH值等环境因子对河南安阳、江苏盐城和海南三亚3个地区牛筋草种子萌发的影响。结果表明:牛筋草种子最低发芽温度为10℃,当温度上升到30～35℃时,3个地区的牛筋草种子发芽率均达到最大值;在(20/10～40/30)℃的变温条件下均可发芽,且当温度为35/25℃时发芽率最高。变温和恒温处理条件下,光照对种子萌发的影响基本一致,均表现为低温条件下(恒温≤25℃,变温≤25/15℃),黑暗处理有利于牛筋草种子的萌发。牛筋草种子萌发受水势影响较大,随水势的增加,发芽率逐渐降低;盐碱胁迫可降低种子的发芽率,当NaCl浓度≥100 mmol/L或NaHCO_3浓度≥150 mmol/L时,3个地区的牛筋草种子不能萌发;牛筋草种子在pH 5～10范围内均能正常萌发,所以pH值不是限制萌发的主要因素。
To clarify the seed germination characteristics of goosegrass and its key environmental influencing factors, and to lay a foundation for the integrated control of goosegrass under the complex agricultural environment conditions, we studied the influence of environmental factors, including temperature, light, saline and alkaline, drought and pH value on seed germination of goosegrass collected from Anyang, Yancheng and Sanya by indoor tests. The results showed that: the minimum seed germination temperature was 10℃, and the germination rate reached the maximum when the temperature rose to 30-35℃; seeds germinated at alternating temperature range from 20/10℃ to 40/30℃, with the maximum germination rate at the alternating temperatures of 35/25℃; the effect of light on seed germination was consistent with the variable and constant temperature,the dark treatment was favorable for seed germination under low temperature(constant temperature≤25℃,variable temperature≤25/15℃); dark treatment was beneficial to seed germination of goosegrass; the seed germination was influenced mostly by the water potential, and the germination rate decreased with the increase of water potential; the germination rate was decreased by saline and alkaline stress and no germination occurred at NaCl≥100 mmol/L or NaHCO_3≥150 mmol/L; however, seeds of goosegrass could germinate normally in pH 5-10, thus, the pH value was not a main factor limiting the seed germination of goosegrass.
To clarify the seed germination characteristics of goosegrass and its key environmental influencing factors, and to lay a foundation for the integrated control of goosegrass under the complex agricultural environment conditions, we studied the influence of environmental factors, including temperature, light, saline and alkaline, drought and pH value on seed germination of goosegrass collected from Anyang, Yancheng and Sanya by indoor tests. The results showed that: the minimum seed germination temperature was 10℃, and the germination rate reached the maximum when the temperature rose to 30-35℃; seeds germinated at alternating temperature range from 20/10℃ to 40/30℃, with the maximum germination rate at the alternating temperatures of 35/25℃; the effect of light on seed germination was consistent with the variable and constant temperature,the dark treatment was favorable for seed germination under low temperature(constant temperature≤25℃,variable temperature≤25/15℃); dark treatment was beneficial to seed germination of goosegrass; the seed germination was influenced mostly by the water potential, and the germination rate decreased with the increase of water potential; the germination rate was decreased by saline and alkaline stress and no germination occurred at NaCl≥100 mmol/L or NaHCO_3≥150 mmol/L; however, seeds of goosegrass could germinate normally in pH 5-10, thus, the pH value was not a main factor limiting the seed germination of goosegrass.
引文
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[25]Qi Li,Jinni Tan,Wei Li,et al.Effects of Environmental Factors on Seed Germination and Emergence of Japanese Brome(Bromus japonicus)[J].Weed Science,2015,63(3):641-646.
[26]乔建明,王洪军,李举文,等.土壤盐碱地现状、改良利用及盐碱治理在新疆农业发展中的意义[J].新疆农垦科技,2015,38(10):54-56.
[27]张亚兰,孙金龙,秦翠兰,等.南疆阿拉尔棉田盐碱化分析和木醋液改良效果[J].中国棉花,2014,41(3):30-32,34.
[28]张勇,薛林贵,高天鹏,等.荒漠植物种子萌发研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2005(1):108-114.
[29]Gul,B.Weber,D.J.Effects of salinity,light and temperature on germination in Allenrolfea occidentalis[J].Canadian Journal of Botany,1999,77(2):240-246.
[30]Gulzar S.Seed germination of a halophytic grass Aeluropus lagopoides[J].Annals of Botany,2001,87(3):319-324
[31]Cavers P B.Seeds.The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities,second Edition[J].Seed Science Research,2003,13(3):247-248.
[32]Finch-Savage WE,Leubner-Metzger G.Seed dormancy and the control of germination[J].The New phytologist,2006,171(3):501-523.
[33]William J Katembe,Irwin A Ungar,John P Michell.Effect of Salinity on Germination and Seedling Growth of two Atriplex species(Chenopodiaceae)[J].Annals of Botany,1998,82(2):167-175.
[34]Marchioniortu A,Bocchieri E.A study of the germination responses of a Sardinian population of sea fennel(Crithmum maritimum)[J].Canadian Journal of Botany,2011,62(9):1832-1835.
[2]李扬汉.中国杂草志[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[3]H R Gisler?d.Effects of watering frequency on growth of cut chrysanthemums[J].Acta Horticulturae,1988,221(36):327-334.
[4]Ismail B S,Chuah T S,Salmijah S,et al.Germination and seedling emergence of glyphosate-resistant and susceptible biotypes of goosegrass(Eleusine indica[L.]Gaertn.)[J].Weed Biology and Management,2002,2(4):177-185.
[5]强胜.杂草学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001:58.
[6]Ma X Y,Wu H W,Jiang W L,et al.Goosegrass(Eleusine indica)density effects on cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2015,14(9):1778-1785.
[7]Chin H F,Raja Harun R M.Ecology and physiology of Eleusine indica seeds[C].The 7th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference,Sydney,Australia,1979:313-315.
[8]Chuah T S,Salmijah S,Teng Y T,et al.Changes in seed bank size and dormancy characteristics of the glyphosate-resistant biotype of goosegrass(Eleusine indica[L.]Gaertn.)[J].Weed Biology and Management,2004,4(2):112-114.
[9]王新玲,马小艳,姜伟丽,等.施肥量对牛筋草与棉花竞争关系的影响[J].棉花学报,2016,28(3):291-299.
[10]马小艳,马艳,彭军,等.我国棉田杂草研究现状与发展趋势[J].棉花学报,2010,22(4):372-380.
[11]Bhagirath S,Chauhan,David E.Johnson.Germination Ecology of Goosegrass(Eleusine indica):An Important Grass Weed of Rainfed Rice[J].Weed Science,2008,56(5):699-706.
[12]董新光,邓铭江,周金龙,等.论新疆平原灌区土壤盐碱化与水资源开发[J].灌溉排水学报,2005,24(5):14-17.
[13]Hehzong Dong,Xiangqiang Kong,Zhen Luo,et al.Unequal salt distribution in the root zone increases growth and yield of cotton[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2010,33(4):285-292.
[14]Hehzong Dong,Weijian Li,Wei Tang,et al.Furrow Seeding with Plastic Mulching Increases Stand Establishment and Lint Yield of Cotton in a Saline Field[J].Agronomy Journal,2008,100(6):1640-1646.
[15]霍治国,范雨娴,杨建莹,等.中国农业洪涝灾害研究进展[J].应用气象学报,2017,28(6):641-653.
[16]何学青,呼天明,许岳飞,等.PEG-6000模拟水分胁迫对柳枝稷种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].草地学报,2014,22(3):556-563.
[17]Mondo,V.H.V.Light and temperature effects on the seed germination of four Digitaria weed species[J].Revista Brasileira De Sementes,2010,32(1):131-137.
[18]Rayhaneh Asgarpour.Reza Ghorbani,Mohammad KhajehHosseini,et al.Germination of Spotted Spurge(Chamaesyce maculata)Seeds in Response to Different Environmental Factors[J].Weed Science,2015,63(2):502-510.
[19]Roberts H A,Patricia M.Lockett.Seed dormancy and field emergence in Solanum nigrum L.[J].Weed Research,1978,18(4):231-241.
[20]Jingkai Zhou,Edward L.Deckard,Calvin G.Factors Affecting Eastern Black Nightshade(Solanum ptycanthum)Seed Germination[J].Weed Science,2005,53(5):651-656.
[21]张少逸,魏守辉,张朝贤,等.刺萼龙葵种子休眠和萌发特性研究进展[J].杂草科学,2011,29(2):5-9.
[22]Honarmand S J,Nosratti Iraj,Nazari Khadije,et al.Factors affecting the seed germination and seedling emergence of muskweed(Myagrum perfoliatum)[J].Weed Biology&Management,2016,16(4):186-193.
[23]D.Hawton,D.S.H.Drennan.Studies on the longevity and germination of seed of Eleusine indica and Crotalaria goreensis[J].Weed Research,1980,20(4):217-223.
[24]Thompson K,Grime J P,Mason G.Seed germination in response to diurnal fluctuations of temperature[J].Nature,1997,267(5607):147-149.
[25]Qi Li,Jinni Tan,Wei Li,et al.Effects of Environmental Factors on Seed Germination and Emergence of Japanese Brome(Bromus japonicus)[J].Weed Science,2015,63(3):641-646.
[26]乔建明,王洪军,李举文,等.土壤盐碱地现状、改良利用及盐碱治理在新疆农业发展中的意义[J].新疆农垦科技,2015,38(10):54-56.
[27]张亚兰,孙金龙,秦翠兰,等.南疆阿拉尔棉田盐碱化分析和木醋液改良效果[J].中国棉花,2014,41(3):30-32,34.
[28]张勇,薛林贵,高天鹏,等.荒漠植物种子萌发研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2005(1):108-114.
[29]Gul,B.Weber,D.J.Effects of salinity,light and temperature on germination in Allenrolfea occidentalis[J].Canadian Journal of Botany,1999,77(2):240-246.
[30]Gulzar S.Seed germination of a halophytic grass Aeluropus lagopoides[J].Annals of Botany,2001,87(3):319-324
[31]Cavers P B.Seeds.The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities,second Edition[J].Seed Science Research,2003,13(3):247-248.
[32]Finch-Savage WE,Leubner-Metzger G.Seed dormancy and the control of germination[J].The New phytologist,2006,171(3):501-523.
[33]William J Katembe,Irwin A Ungar,John P Michell.Effect of Salinity on Germination and Seedling Growth of two Atriplex species(Chenopodiaceae)[J].Annals of Botany,1998,82(2):167-175.
[34]Marchioniortu A,Bocchieri E.A study of the germination responses of a Sardinian population of sea fennel(Crithmum maritimum)[J].Canadian Journal of Botany,2011,62(9):1832-1835.