基于m_(eff)指数的多尺度景观破碎化空间特征研究——以宁国市为例
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摘要
采用CBC算法计算的m_(eff)指数,基于GIS技术,以宁国市、乡镇、1 km~2格网3种不同空间尺度区域为报告单元,选取城市建设区域、道路、农田、采矿区、采伐区、水体6类景观破碎因子组成景观破碎几何量度,研究宁国市景观破碎空间分布特征。结果表明,基于3种报告单元的m_(eff)值为0~422.92 km~2;宁国市景观破碎空间分布特征明显,破碎程度较重区域空间上呈"人"字形分布,城区破碎化水平最高,市域西北部、南部部分地区破碎程度相对较轻。
The study investigated variation in m_(eff) measured by municipal counties,towns and grids of one square kilometer within Ningguo City.The fragmentation geometry was developed by overlaying highways,roads,urbanized areas,agricultural areas,mining areas,cutting areas and the waters. The m_(eff) index was calculated by cross-boundary connections( CBC) procedure. The m_(eff) values varied from 0 to 422. 92 km~2 based on three reporting units in Ningguo City,there were obvious characteristic of landscape fragmentation. Spatial distribution of the areas with low m_(eff) value shares a feature of herringbone. Degree of landscape fragmentation was the highest in urban area( 0. 26 km~2),with the lowest in northwest and south areas in Ningguo City. The m_(eff) values calculated by CBC procedure can satisfied the requirement of analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics of multi-scale landscape fragmentation.
The study investigated variation in m_(eff) measured by municipal counties,towns and grids of one square kilometer within Ningguo City.The fragmentation geometry was developed by overlaying highways,roads,urbanized areas,agricultural areas,mining areas,cutting areas and the waters. The m_(eff) index was calculated by cross-boundary connections( CBC) procedure. The m_(eff) values varied from 0 to 422. 92 km~2 based on three reporting units in Ningguo City,there were obvious characteristic of landscape fragmentation. Spatial distribution of the areas with low m_(eff) value shares a feature of herringbone. Degree of landscape fragmentation was the highest in urban area( 0. 26 km~2),with the lowest in northwest and south areas in Ningguo City. The m_(eff) values calculated by CBC procedure can satisfied the requirement of analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics of multi-scale landscape fragmentation.
引文
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[37]GERLACH G,MUSOLF K.Fragmentation of landscape as a cause for genetic subdivision in bank voles[J].Conservation biology,2000,14(4):1066-1074.
[38]BARANYI G,SAURA S,PODANI J,et al.Contribution of habitat patches to network connectivity:Redundancy and uniqueness of topological indices[J].Ecological indicators,2011,11(5):1301-1310.
[39]GAUTHIER D A,WIKEN E B.Monitoring the conservation of grassland habitats,prairie ecozone,canada[J].Environmental monitoring and assessment,2003,88(1/2/3):343-364.
[40]GULINCK H,WAGENDORP T.References for fragmentation analysis of the rural matrix in cultural landscapes[J].Landscape and urban planning,2002,58(2/3/4):137-146.
[41]OMERNIK J M,BAILEY R G.Distinguishing between watersheds and ecoregions[J].Jawra journal of the american water resources association,1997,33(5):935-949.
[2]JAEGER J A G,SOUKUP T,MADRINAN L.F.Landscape fragmentation in Europe[R].Luxembourg:Publications Office of the European Union,2011.
[3]SAUNDERS D A,HOBBS R J,MARGULES C R.Biological consequences of ecosystem fragmentation:A review[J].Conservation biology,1991,5(1):18-32.
[4]NDUBISI F O.The Ecological Design and Planning Reader[M].Washington DC:Island Press,2014.
[5]MOSER B,JAEGER J A G,TAPPEINER U,et al.Modification of the effective mesh size for measuring landscape fragmentation to solve the boundary problem[J].Landscape ecology,2007,22(3):447-459.
[6]傅伯杰,陈利顶.景观多样性的类型及其生态意义[J].地理学报,1996(5):454-462.
[7]FORMAN R T T,ALEXANDER L E.Roads and their major ecological effects[J].Annual review of ecology and systematics,1998,29(4):207-231.
[8]GIRVETZ E H,THORNE J H,BERRY A M,et al.Integration of landscape fragmentation analysis into regional planning:A statewide multi-scale case study from California,USA[J].Landscape and urban planning,2008,86(3/4):205-218.
[9]GELBARD J L,BELNAP J.Roads as conduits for exotic plant invasions in a semiarid landscape[J].Conservation biology,2003,17(2):420-432.
[10]李俊生,张晓岚,吴晓莆,等.道路交通的生态影响研究综述[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(3):1169-1175.
[11]李月辉,胡远满,李秀珍,等.道路生态研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(3):447-452.
[12]闫永峰,李希明.道路对两栖类种群的生态学影响[J].生物学通报,2008,43(9):10-13.
[13]GUSTAFSON E J.Quantifying landscape spatial pattern:What is the state of the art?[J].Ecosystems,1998,1(2):143-156.
[14]WIMPEY J,MARION J L.A spatial exploration of informal trail networks within Great Falls Park,VA[J].Journal of environmental management,2011,92(3):1012-1022.
[15]赵锐锋,姜朋辉,赵海莉,等.黑河中游湿地景观破碎化过程及其驱动力分析[J].生态学报,2013,33(14):4436-4449.
[16]陈爱莲,孙然好,陈利顶.传统景观格局指数在城市热岛效应评价中的适用性[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(8):2077-2086.
[17]邬建国.景观生态学——格局、过程、尺度与等级[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007.
[18]MCGARIGAL K,MARKS B.J.Spatial pattern analysis program for quantifying landscape structure[J/OL].[2017-01-23].http://www.umass.edu/landeco/pubs/mcgarigal.marks.1995.pdf?origin=publication_detail.
[19]GIRVETZ E H,GRECO S E.How to define a patch:A spatial model for hierarchically delineating organism-specific habitat patches[J].Landscape ecology,2007,22(8):1131-1142.
[20]JAEGER J A G.Landscape division,splitting index,and effective mesh size:New measures of landscape fragmentation[J].Landscape ecology,2000,15(2):115-130.
[21]李太安.道路和城市化对中国景观破碎效应初步研究[J].兰州:兰州大学,2010.
[22]JAEGER J A G,SCHWARZ-VON RAUMER H G,ESSWEIN H,et al.Time series of landscape fragmentation caused by transportation infrastructure and urban development:A case study from BadenWürttemberg,Germany[J].Ecology&society,2007,12(1):181-194.
[23]GUIOMAR N,GODINHO S,FERNANDES P M,et al.Wildfire patterns and landscape changes in Mediterranean oak woodlands[J].Science of the total environment,2015,536:338-352.
[24]FITZSIMMONS M.Effects of deforestation and reforestation on landscape spatial structure in boreal Saskatchewan,Canada[J].Forest ecology&management,2003,174(1/2/3):577-592.
[25]KRAUSE B,CULMSEE H,WESCHE K,et al.Habitat loss of floodplain meadows in north Germany since the 1950s[J].Biodiversity&conservation,2011,20(11):2347-2364.
[26]李灿,张凤荣,朱泰峰,等.大城市边缘区景观破碎化空间异质性:以北京市顺义区为例[J].生态学报,2013,33(17):5363-5374.
[27]高江波,蔡运龙.区域景观破碎化的多尺度空间变异研究:以贵州省乌江流域为例[J].地理科学,2010,16(5):742-747.
[28]刘世梁,刘琦,王聪,等.基于地理加权回归的漫湾库区景观破碎化及影响因子分析[J].地理科学,2014,34(7):856-862.
[29]王聃同,袁春,张寅玲.县域土地覆盖景观特征的粒度效应研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2013(5):35-41.
[30]黎原,吕成文,祝凤霞.安徽舒城县土地利用类型斑块分形特征[J].安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,35(2):171-176.
[31]刘西军,吴泽民,黄庆丰.安徽老山自然保护区肖坑小流域森林景观要素斑块特征[J].浙江农林大学学报,2010,27(2):190-197.
[32]张乃夫.安徽新安江流域景观格局特征及土壤侵蚀评价[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2014.
[33]胥国麟.RS与GIS支持下的舒城县土地利用景观动态变化分析[D].芜湖:安徽师范大学,2007.
[34]刘桂林,张落成,赵金丽.景观破碎化区域土地覆被面向对象分类研究:以皖南山区为例[J].中国科学院大学学报,2014,31(5):626-631.
[35]王晓辉,喻根,徐会.基于主体功能框架的县域生态功能区划及配套环境政策研究[M].合肥:合肥工业大学出版社,2011.
[36]王汤梅.宁国年鉴[M].合肥:黄山书社,2015.
[37]GERLACH G,MUSOLF K.Fragmentation of landscape as a cause for genetic subdivision in bank voles[J].Conservation biology,2000,14(4):1066-1074.
[38]BARANYI G,SAURA S,PODANI J,et al.Contribution of habitat patches to network connectivity:Redundancy and uniqueness of topological indices[J].Ecological indicators,2011,11(5):1301-1310.
[39]GAUTHIER D A,WIKEN E B.Monitoring the conservation of grassland habitats,prairie ecozone,canada[J].Environmental monitoring and assessment,2003,88(1/2/3):343-364.
[40]GULINCK H,WAGENDORP T.References for fragmentation analysis of the rural matrix in cultural landscapes[J].Landscape and urban planning,2002,58(2/3/4):137-146.
[41]OMERNIK J M,BAILEY R G.Distinguishing between watersheds and ecoregions[J].Jawra journal of the american water resources association,1997,33(5):935-949.