蚯蚓粪对土壤团聚体组成和入渗过程水分运移的影响
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摘要
通过室内土壤团聚体组成分析试验和土柱一维垂直入渗试验,探究蚯蚓粪对土壤团聚体组成、抗水蚀稳定性以及入渗过程中水分运移特性的影响。结果表明:(1)蚯蚓粪可以有效降低土壤容重,增加0.25～2 mm粒级大团聚体的数量,分形维数D从2.84减小至2.65,减小了6.69%,显著提高了土壤团聚体抗水蚀稳定性;(2)施加比例为1/20时,可以显著增加湿润锋的运移距离,而后随着施加比例的增大,湿润锋距离有不同程度的减小,但均大于未施加蚯蚓粪的处理,且各处理下的湿润锋运移距离与入渗时间的关系均可用幂函数描述;(3)蚯蚓粪比例的增大可以显著提高累积入渗量和稳定阶段的入渗速率,当施加比例为1/3时,累积入渗量较对照组增大48.74%;其中Kostiakov-Lewis模型对入渗过程的模拟准确度最高,也更接近实测值。
The effects of earthworm casts on soil aggregate composition, water-erosion stability and water transport characteristics during infiltration were studied by indoor soil aggregate composition analysis and one-dimensional soil vertical infiltration test. The results showed that:(1) The earthworm casts could effectively reduce the soil bulk density and increase the number of large aggregates of 0.25～2 mm. The fractal dimension D decreased from 2.84 to 2.65 by 6.69%, improving the water-resistant stability of soil aggregates significantly.(2) When the application ratio was 1/20, the migration distance of the wet front could be significantly increased, and then the wet front distance was reduced to some extent as the application ratio increased. But both were larger than the treatment without earthworm casts. The relationship between the wet front migration distance and the infiltration time under each treatment could be described by a power function.(3) The increase of the proportion of earthworm casts could significantly increase the cumulative infiltration amount and infiltration rate. When the ratio was 1/3 at the same time, the cumulative infiltration amount increased by 48.74% compared with the non-applied. The Kostiakov-Lewis model had the highest simulation accuracy, which simulated value was closer to the measured.
The effects of earthworm casts on soil aggregate composition, water-erosion stability and water transport characteristics during infiltration were studied by indoor soil aggregate composition analysis and one-dimensional soil vertical infiltration test. The results showed that:(1) The earthworm casts could effectively reduce the soil bulk density and increase the number of large aggregates of 0.25～2 mm. The fractal dimension D decreased from 2.84 to 2.65 by 6.69%, improving the water-resistant stability of soil aggregates significantly.(2) When the application ratio was 1/20, the migration distance of the wet front could be significantly increased, and then the wet front distance was reduced to some extent as the application ratio increased. But both were larger than the treatment without earthworm casts. The relationship between the wet front migration distance and the infiltration time under each treatment could be described by a power function.(3) The increase of the proportion of earthworm casts could significantly increase the cumulative infiltration amount and infiltration rate. When the ratio was 1/3 at the same time, the cumulative infiltration amount increased by 48.74% compared with the non-applied. The Kostiakov-Lewis model had the highest simulation accuracy, which simulated value was closer to the measured.
引文
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[3] 李欢,向丹,李晓林,等.蚯蚓粪和生物有机肥对土壤养分及夏玉米产量的调控作用[J].土壤通报,2011,42(5):1179-1183.
[4] 单颖,赵凤亮,邹刚华,等.施用不同配比蚯蚓粪对海南耕地砖红壤肥力特性的影响[J].华北农学报,2017,32(增刊1):338-342.
[5] 王明友,井大炜,张红,等.蚯蚓粪对豇豆土壤活性有机碳及微生物活性的影响[J].核农学报,2016,30(7):1404-1410.
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[7] 侯健,张静,马艺铭,等.改性蚯蚓粪对重金属Cu2+的吸附性能研究[J].环境保护与循环经济,2018,38(6):17-20.
[8] 刘萌萌.蚯蚓粪对土壤中Cd、As形态及小白菜吸收Cd、As的影响研究[D].山东泰安:山东农业大学,2016.
[9] 王福友,王冲,刘全清,等.腐植酸、蚯蚓粪及蚯蚓蛋白肥料对滨海盐碱土壤的改良效应[J].中国农业大学学报,2015,20(5):89-94.
[10] 李彦霈,邵明安,王娇.蚯蚓粪覆盖对土壤水分蒸发过程的影响[J].土壤学报,2018,55(3):633-640.
[11] 侯晓娜,李慧,朱刘兵,等.生物炭与秸秆添加对砂姜黑土团聚体组成和有机碳分布的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(4):705-712.
[12] 吴军虎,陶汪海,王海洋,等.羧甲基纤维素钠对土壤团粒结构及水分运动特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(2):117-123.
[13] 杨婷,吴军虎.凹凸棒土对土壤团粒结构及水力参数的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(6):46-51.
[14] 杨培岭,罗远培,石元春.用粒径的重量分布表征的土壤分形特征[J].科学通报,1993,38(20):1896-1896.
[15] 吴军虎,杨婷.凹凸棒土对土壤水分运动基本参数的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):188-192.
[16] 李卓,吴普特,冯浩,等.容重对土壤水分入渗能力影响模拟试验[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(6):40-45.
[17] Dashtaki S G,Homaee M,Mahdian M H,et al.Site-dependence performance of infiltration models [J].Water Resources Management,2009,23(13):2777-2790.
[18] 李昊哲,樊贵盛.Kostiakov入渗模型参数的预测精度对比分析研究[J].节水灌溉,2017(11):27-30.
[19] 朱玲,李辉信,刘宾,等.老化和风干处理对蚓粪微生物学性质和结构稳定性的影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(1):120-127.
[20] 乔力盘·阿不力米提,亚库甫,阿地里.蚯蚓粪对改良土壤的作用[J].现代农业,2018(1):10-11.
[21] Goebel M O,Bachmann J,Reichstein M,et al.Soil water repellency and its implications for organic matter decomposition-is there a link to extreme climatic events [J].Global Change Biology,2011,17(8):2640-2656.
[22] Marinissen J C Y,Dexter A R.Mechanisms of stabilization of earthworm casts and artificial casts [J].Biology & Fertility of Soils,1990,9(2):163-167.
[23] Zhang X,Wang J,Xie H,et al.Comparison of organic compounds in the particle-size fractions of earthworm casts and surrounding soil in humid Laos [J].Applied Soil Ecology,2003,23(2):147-153.
[24] Jouquet P,Bottinelli N,Podwojewski P,et al.Chemical and physical properties of earthworm casts as compared to bulk soil under a range of different land-use systems in Vietnam [J].Geoderma,2008,146(1/2):231-238.
[25] Lipiec J,Turski M,Hajnos M,et al.Pore structure,stability and water repellency of earthworm casts and natural aggregates in loess soil [J].Geoderma,2015,243/244:124-129.
[2] Chaoui H I,Zibilske L M,Ohno T.Effects of earthworm casts and compost on soil microbial activity and plant nutrient availability [J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2003,35(2):295-302.
[3] 李欢,向丹,李晓林,等.蚯蚓粪和生物有机肥对土壤养分及夏玉米产量的调控作用[J].土壤通报,2011,42(5):1179-1183.
[4] 单颖,赵凤亮,邹刚华,等.施用不同配比蚯蚓粪对海南耕地砖红壤肥力特性的影响[J].华北农学报,2017,32(增刊1):338-342.
[5] 王明友,井大炜,张红,等.蚯蚓粪对豇豆土壤活性有机碳及微生物活性的影响[J].核农学报,2016,30(7):1404-1410.
[6] Park S,Lee I,Cho C,et al.Effects of earthworm cast and powdered activated carbon on methane removal capacity of landfill cover soils [J].Chemosphere,2008,70(6):1117-1123.
[7] 侯健,张静,马艺铭,等.改性蚯蚓粪对重金属Cu2+的吸附性能研究[J].环境保护与循环经济,2018,38(6):17-20.
[8] 刘萌萌.蚯蚓粪对土壤中Cd、As形态及小白菜吸收Cd、As的影响研究[D].山东泰安:山东农业大学,2016.
[9] 王福友,王冲,刘全清,等.腐植酸、蚯蚓粪及蚯蚓蛋白肥料对滨海盐碱土壤的改良效应[J].中国农业大学学报,2015,20(5):89-94.
[10] 李彦霈,邵明安,王娇.蚯蚓粪覆盖对土壤水分蒸发过程的影响[J].土壤学报,2018,55(3):633-640.
[11] 侯晓娜,李慧,朱刘兵,等.生物炭与秸秆添加对砂姜黑土团聚体组成和有机碳分布的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(4):705-712.
[12] 吴军虎,陶汪海,王海洋,等.羧甲基纤维素钠对土壤团粒结构及水分运动特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(2):117-123.
[13] 杨婷,吴军虎.凹凸棒土对土壤团粒结构及水力参数的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(6):46-51.
[14] 杨培岭,罗远培,石元春.用粒径的重量分布表征的土壤分形特征[J].科学通报,1993,38(20):1896-1896.
[15] 吴军虎,杨婷.凹凸棒土对土壤水分运动基本参数的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):188-192.
[16] 李卓,吴普特,冯浩,等.容重对土壤水分入渗能力影响模拟试验[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(6):40-45.
[17] Dashtaki S G,Homaee M,Mahdian M H,et al.Site-dependence performance of infiltration models [J].Water Resources Management,2009,23(13):2777-2790.
[18] 李昊哲,樊贵盛.Kostiakov入渗模型参数的预测精度对比分析研究[J].节水灌溉,2017(11):27-30.
[19] 朱玲,李辉信,刘宾,等.老化和风干处理对蚓粪微生物学性质和结构稳定性的影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(1):120-127.
[20] 乔力盘·阿不力米提,亚库甫,阿地里.蚯蚓粪对改良土壤的作用[J].现代农业,2018(1):10-11.
[21] Goebel M O,Bachmann J,Reichstein M,et al.Soil water repellency and its implications for organic matter decomposition-is there a link to extreme climatic events [J].Global Change Biology,2011,17(8):2640-2656.
[22] Marinissen J C Y,Dexter A R.Mechanisms of stabilization of earthworm casts and artificial casts [J].Biology & Fertility of Soils,1990,9(2):163-167.
[23] Zhang X,Wang J,Xie H,et al.Comparison of organic compounds in the particle-size fractions of earthworm casts and surrounding soil in humid Laos [J].Applied Soil Ecology,2003,23(2):147-153.
[24] Jouquet P,Bottinelli N,Podwojewski P,et al.Chemical and physical properties of earthworm casts as compared to bulk soil under a range of different land-use systems in Vietnam [J].Geoderma,2008,146(1/2):231-238.
[25] Lipiec J,Turski M,Hajnos M,et al.Pore structure,stability and water repellency of earthworm casts and natural aggregates in loess soil [J].Geoderma,2015,243/244:124-129.