施氮量对超级杂交稻产量和稻米品质的影响
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摘要
为探明超级杂交稻在成都平原的适宜施氮量,达到高产与优质协同,以超级杂交稻德优4727、普通杂交稻川优6203和常规稻五山丝苗为材料,于2016年在四川德阳进行大田试验,设置4个施氮量(0、120、165、210 kg/hm~2,分别记作N0、N120、N165、N210),研究施氮量对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响。结果表明,超级杂交稻产量随施氮量的增加呈先增加后下降的趋势,以N165处理最高;普通杂交稻和常规稻产量随施氮量的增加而增加,以N210处理最高,但与N165处理差异不显著。糙米率、整精米率、蛋白质含量随施氮量的增加而提高;垩白粒率、垩白度对氮肥的响应因品种而异。除普通杂交稻胶稠度外,施氮量对胶稠度和直链淀粉含量的影响不显著。品种间产量和品质均存在显著差异。与普通杂交稻和常规稻相比,超级杂交稻产量显著增加,增产优势主要表现在粒重上。超级杂交稻糙米率、垩白粒率、垩白度、胶稠度显著高于常规稻,直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量低于常规稻;超级杂交稻整精米率显著高于普通杂交稻,但与常规稻相当。考虑产量和品质两因素,本试验条件下超级杂交稻选择纯N用量165 kg/hm~2,可实现产量和品质的协同提高。
A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen application rate on yield and grain quality of super hybrid rice Deyou4727, ordinary hybrid rice Chuanyou 6203 and conventional rice Wushansimiao in Deyang City, Sichuan Province in 2016.The three cultivars were grown under four N treatments(0, 120, 165 and 210 kg/hm~2 N, named N0, N120, N165 and N210). The results showed that the yield of super hybrid rice was increased with the increasing of N application rate at first and then decreased; the treatment N165 produced the maximum yield. The yields of ordinary hybrid and conventional rice were increased with the nitrogen ap-plication rate increasing, the treatment N210 recorded the maximum yield, and had no significant difference with treatment N165. The brown rice rate, head rice rate and protein content were increased with the nitrogen application rate increasing. The chalky rice rate and chalkiness degree response to nitrogen application rate varied with cultivars. Nitrogen application rate had no significant effects on gel consistency and amylase content except for gel consistency of ordinary hybrid rice. The difference in yield and grain quality among the cultivars were significant. The yield of super hybrid rice was increased by 8.0% compared with ordinary hybrid rice and conven-tional rice. The higher yield is due to higher grain weight. The brown rice rate, chalky rice rate, chalkiness degree and gel consistency of super hybrid rice were significantly higher than those of conventional rice, but had lower amylase content and protein content. The head rice rate of super hybrid rice was significantly higher than that of ordinary hybrid rice, but slightly lower than that of convention-al rice. Considering the yield and grain quality, the optimum nitrogen application rate of 165 kg/hm~2 was proposed for super hybrid rice Deyou 4727 in Chengdu Plain.
A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen application rate on yield and grain quality of super hybrid rice Deyou4727, ordinary hybrid rice Chuanyou 6203 and conventional rice Wushansimiao in Deyang City, Sichuan Province in 2016.The three cultivars were grown under four N treatments(0, 120, 165 and 210 kg/hm~2 N, named N0, N120, N165 and N210). The results showed that the yield of super hybrid rice was increased with the increasing of N application rate at first and then decreased; the treatment N165 produced the maximum yield. The yields of ordinary hybrid and conventional rice were increased with the nitrogen ap-plication rate increasing, the treatment N210 recorded the maximum yield, and had no significant difference with treatment N165. The brown rice rate, head rice rate and protein content were increased with the nitrogen application rate increasing. The chalky rice rate and chalkiness degree response to nitrogen application rate varied with cultivars. Nitrogen application rate had no significant effects on gel consistency and amylase content except for gel consistency of ordinary hybrid rice. The difference in yield and grain quality among the cultivars were significant. The yield of super hybrid rice was increased by 8.0% compared with ordinary hybrid rice and conven-tional rice. The higher yield is due to higher grain weight. The brown rice rate, chalky rice rate, chalkiness degree and gel consistency of super hybrid rice were significantly higher than those of conventional rice, but had lower amylase content and protein content. The head rice rate of super hybrid rice was significantly higher than that of ordinary hybrid rice, but slightly lower than that of convention-al rice. Considering the yield and grain quality, the optimum nitrogen application rate of 165 kg/hm~2 was proposed for super hybrid rice Deyou 4727 in Chengdu Plain.
引文
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[14]Peng S B,Tang Q Y,Zou Y B.Current status and challenges of rice production in China[J].Plant Product Sci,2009(12):3-8.
[15]张军,张洪程,段详茂,等.地力与施氮量对超级稻产量、品质及氮肥利用率的影响[J].作物学报,2011,37(11):2 020-2 029.
[16]谢黎红,叶定池,胡培松,等.氮肥用量和施用方式对水稻“甬优6号”产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(4):789-794.
[17]王翠玲,魏中华,刘晴,等.不同施氮处理对不同类型粳稻产量与品质的影响[J].中国稻米,2015,21(1):72-75.
[18]张洪程,王秀芹,戴其根,等.施氮量对杂交稻两优培九产量?品质及吸氮特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(7):800-806.
[19]金正勋,秋太权,孙艳丽,等.氮肥对稻米垩白及蒸煮食味品质特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2001,7(1):31-35.
[20]杨联松,白一松,张培江,等.谷粒性状与稻米品质相关性研究[J].杂交水稻,2001,16(4):48-54.
[2]Zhang Y B,Tang Q Y,Zou Y B,et al.Yield potential and radiation use efficiency of“super”hybrid rice grown under subtropical conditions[J].Field Crop Res,2009,114:91-98.
[3]Huang M,Zou Y B,Jiang P,et al.Relationship between grain yield and yield components in super hybrid rice[J].Agricultural Sciences in China,2011,10(10):1537-1544.
[4]廖西元,陈庆根,庞乾林.我国优质水稻生产现状与发展对策[J].农业技术经济,2002(5):32-34.
[5]闵捷,朱智伟,章林平,等.中国超级杂交稻组合的稻米品质分析[J].中国水稻科学,2014,28(2):206-210.
[6]贺帆,黄见良,崔克辉,等.实时实地氮肥管理对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(1):123-132.
[7]Wang Q,Huang J L,He F,et al.Head rice yield of“super”hybrid rice Liangyoupeijiu grown under different nitrogen rates[J].Field Crop Res,2012,134:71-79.
[8]江立庚,曹卫星,甘秀芹,等.不同施氮水平对南方早稻氮素吸收利用及其产量和品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(4):490-496.
[9]董作珍,吴良欢,柴婕,等.不同氮磷钾处理对中浙优1号水稻产量、品质、养分吸收利用及经济效益的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2015,29(4):399-407.
[10]陶进,钱希旸,剧成欣,等.不同年代籼稻品种的米质及其对氮肥的响应[J].作物学报,2016,42(9):1 352-1 362.
[11]金军,徐大勇,蔡一霞,等.施氮量对主要米质性状及RVA谱特征参数的影响[J].作物学报,2004,30(2):154-158.
[12]Cassman K G,Dobermann A,Wallers D T,et al.Meeting cereal demand while protecting natural resources and improving environmental quality[J].Annu Rev Environ Resour,2003,28:315-358.
[13]Peng S B,Buresh R J,Huang J L,et al.Improving nitrogen fertilization in rice by site-specific N management:a review[J].Agron Sustain Dev,2010,30:649-656.
[14]Peng S B,Tang Q Y,Zou Y B.Current status and challenges of rice production in China[J].Plant Product Sci,2009(12):3-8.
[15]张军,张洪程,段详茂,等.地力与施氮量对超级稻产量、品质及氮肥利用率的影响[J].作物学报,2011,37(11):2 020-2 029.
[16]谢黎红,叶定池,胡培松,等.氮肥用量和施用方式对水稻“甬优6号”产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(4):789-794.
[17]王翠玲,魏中华,刘晴,等.不同施氮处理对不同类型粳稻产量与品质的影响[J].中国稻米,2015,21(1):72-75.
[18]张洪程,王秀芹,戴其根,等.施氮量对杂交稻两优培九产量?品质及吸氮特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(7):800-806.
[19]金正勋,秋太权,孙艳丽,等.氮肥对稻米垩白及蒸煮食味品质特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2001,7(1):31-35.
[20]杨联松,白一松,张培江,等.谷粒性状与稻米品质相关性研究[J].杂交水稻,2001,16(4):48-54.