成都市常见蔬菜品质研究
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摘要
以成都市市售蔬菜产品为研究对象,对成都市蔬菜的常见品质(硝酸盐、重金属含量)进行调查研究,并对其进行分析、评价和分级.研究发现:1)成都市市售蔬菜重金属污染整体为安全水平,但部分蔬菜重金属污染达轻度污染和警戒水平,除了Cu以外其他重金属(Zn、Cd、Pb)的单项污染指数均小于1,Cu是主要的污染因子;2)蔬菜种类不同,Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb的重金属含量有很大差异,其中叶菜类>根菜类>茄果类>瓜菜类;3)新鲜蔬菜中硝酸盐含量因品种不同而有区别,其中叶菜类(青菜、菠菜、豌豆尖)硝酸盐含量明显高于其他蔬菜类型,33.3%的叶菜类蔬菜硝酸盐含量超过3 100 mg/kg的四级严重污染标准,处于严重污染状态,中度污染的比例为66.7%,轻度污染的比例为0,其次为根菜类,处于重度污染的占该类菜检测种数的33.3%,瓜菜类和茄果类均处于轻度污染程度;4)用AA3型连续流动分析仪能够准确、快速地测定蔬菜中的硝态氮含量,与磺基水杨酸比色法相比,主要有操作上的便捷性和结果上的准确性两大特点.
In this paper,vegetable products in Chengdu city were studed as the research object,and their common quality(nitrate,heavy metal content)was investigated,evaluated and graded.The conclusions are as follows:1)The heavy metal pollution of vegetables in Chengdu was within safety level in general,but some heavy metal pollution of the vegetables was to mild and alert level.In addition to Cu,the average single factor pollution index of Zn,Cd and Cr was less than 1.The main factor of heavy metal pollution was Cu.2)In different types of vegetables,the heavy metal content of Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb was very different,where leafy vegetables rank first,root vegetables the second,solanaceous fruits the third,and melon vegetables the last.3)The nitrate content of fresh vegetables was different from that of other cultivars.The nitrate content of leafy vegetables(greens,spinach and Pea tip)was significantly higher than that of other vegetables,and 33.3% of leaf vegetables in a serious pollution state had more than 3 100 mg/kg of nitrate,which suggested the four serious pollution standards.66.7% of leaf vegetables in a moderate pollution ratio,mild pollution ratio was 0.Followed by the root vegetables,in the case of heavy pollution accounted for 33.3 %;Melon vegetables and solanaceous fruits were in a mild degree of pollution.4)Compared with sulfosalicylic acid colorimetric method,AA3-type continuous flow analyzer can accurately and quickly determine the nitrate nitrogen content in vegetables.And it has operational convenience and result accuracy.
In this paper,vegetable products in Chengdu city were studed as the research object,and their common quality(nitrate,heavy metal content)was investigated,evaluated and graded.The conclusions are as follows:1)The heavy metal pollution of vegetables in Chengdu was within safety level in general,but some heavy metal pollution of the vegetables was to mild and alert level.In addition to Cu,the average single factor pollution index of Zn,Cd and Cr was less than 1.The main factor of heavy metal pollution was Cu.2)In different types of vegetables,the heavy metal content of Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb was very different,where leafy vegetables rank first,root vegetables the second,solanaceous fruits the third,and melon vegetables the last.3)The nitrate content of fresh vegetables was different from that of other cultivars.The nitrate content of leafy vegetables(greens,spinach and Pea tip)was significantly higher than that of other vegetables,and 33.3% of leaf vegetables in a serious pollution state had more than 3 100 mg/kg of nitrate,which suggested the four serious pollution standards.66.7% of leaf vegetables in a moderate pollution ratio,mild pollution ratio was 0.Followed by the root vegetables,in the case of heavy pollution accounted for 33.3 %;Melon vegetables and solanaceous fruits were in a mild degree of pollution.4)Compared with sulfosalicylic acid colorimetric method,AA3-type continuous flow analyzer can accurately and quickly determine the nitrate nitrogen content in vegetables.And it has operational convenience and result accuracy.
引文
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[10]龚梦丹,顾燕青,王小雨,等.杭州市菜地蔬菜重金属污染评价及其健康风险分析[J].浙江农业学报,2015,27(6):1024-1031.
[11]王艳莉,谢国祥,郭宝福,等.南京市售蔬菜重金属污染状况及对人体健康风险分析[J].现代预防医学,2014,41(12):2148-2150.
[12]于立红,王孟雪,何淑平.大庆地区市售蔬菜硝酸盐污染检测[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2011,23(5):13-16.
[13]沈明珠,翟宝杰,东惠茹,等.蔬菜硝酸盐累积的研究:Ⅰ.不同蔬菜硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量评价[J].园艺学报,1982(4):41-48.
[14]任文祥,崔东阳,常峰.AA3型连续流动分析仪测定水中的氨氮[J].中国化工贸易,2011,3(10):40-41.
[15]庄舜尧,孙秀.氮肥对蔬菜硝酸盐积累的影响[J].土壤学进展,1995(3):29-35.
[16]王丰.蔬菜中硝酸盐累积机制及控制方法研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(27):13028-13030.
[2]林希,叶俊君.蔬菜中重金属含量测定方法的研究状况[J].广东微量元素科学,2013,20(3):33-37.
[3]于立红.蔬菜中硝态氮速测方法及硝酸盐污染评价的研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2005.
[4]张英利,许安民,尚浩博,等.连续流动分析仪测定土壤硝态氮和有效磷的试验及改进[J].中国土壤与肥料,2008(2):77-80.
[5]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社出版,2006:120-123.
[6]张志军,梁高亮,罗丽红,等.连续流动分析仪测定环境水样中的硝酸盐氮[J].环境监测管理与技术,2003,15(1):36-37.
[7]黄东风,罗涛,邱孝煊.福州市蔬菜卫生品质状况及其面对入世的对策探讨[J].福建农业科技,2002(5):17-19.
[8]JINADASA K B P N,MILHAM P J,HAWKINS C A,et al.Heavy metals in the environment-survey of cadmium levels in vegetables and soils of Greater Sydney,Australia[J].J Environ Qual,1997,26:924-933.
[9]王丽凤,白俊贵.沈阳市蔬菜污染调查及防治途径研究[J].农业环境保护,1994(2):84-88.
[10]龚梦丹,顾燕青,王小雨,等.杭州市菜地蔬菜重金属污染评价及其健康风险分析[J].浙江农业学报,2015,27(6):1024-1031.
[11]王艳莉,谢国祥,郭宝福,等.南京市售蔬菜重金属污染状况及对人体健康风险分析[J].现代预防医学,2014,41(12):2148-2150.
[12]于立红,王孟雪,何淑平.大庆地区市售蔬菜硝酸盐污染检测[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2011,23(5):13-16.
[13]沈明珠,翟宝杰,东惠茹,等.蔬菜硝酸盐累积的研究:Ⅰ.不同蔬菜硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量评价[J].园艺学报,1982(4):41-48.
[14]任文祥,崔东阳,常峰.AA3型连续流动分析仪测定水中的氨氮[J].中国化工贸易,2011,3(10):40-41.
[15]庄舜尧,孙秀.氮肥对蔬菜硝酸盐积累的影响[J].土壤学进展,1995(3):29-35.
[16]王丰.蔬菜中硝酸盐累积机制及控制方法研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(27):13028-13030.