山东无棣贝壳堤岛保护区维管束植物的生态位特征
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摘要
在山东无棣贝壳堤岛保护区的汪子岛设置3个断面,结合踏查和系统抽样的样方调查方法对维管束植物的生态位进行了研究.样方调查共记录到维管束植物30科63属74种,未发现罗布麻(Apocynum venetum)和野大豆(Glycine soja)等原有重要资源植物种类.在植被分类的群系水平上,主要分布有酸枣(Ziziphus jujuba var.spinosa)灌丛、柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)灌丛、芦苇(Phragmites australis)草甸、蒙古蒿(Artemisia mongolica)草甸和鹅绒藤(Cynanchum chinense)草甸.维管束植物的生物多样性指数总体水平如下:Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为2.70,Simpson多样性指数为0.91,Margalef多样性指数为3.42,Mc Intosh's多样性指数为0.49,Berger-Parker均匀度指数和JSW均匀度指数分别为0.15和0.79.在重要值大于1.0的植物种类中,鹅绒藤的生态位宽度最大,其Levins和Hurlbert生态位宽度值分别为0.35和1.39;其次是芦苇、砂引草(Messerschmidia sibirica)和酸枣等.芦苇和天门冬(Asparagus cochinchinensis)间的生态位重叠值最高,为0.469,其次为菟丝子(Cuscuta chinensis)和肾叶打碗花(Calystegia soldanella).鹅绒藤与大多数物种存在生态位重叠,构成一定的物种间竞争;多数草本植物间的生态位重叠值小,常以纯群丛方式存在.根据上述结果,在无棣贝壳堤岛保护区,应注重对酸枣和柽柳的保护,同时加强对鹅绒藤和菟丝子的管理.
Three sections of Wangzi Island were set up in the Natural Chenier Island Reserve of Wudi,and the ecological niche of vascular plants was studied using walking investigation and systematic sampling methods.Field surveys showed that there were 74 vascular species,belonging to 63 genera and 30 families in the Natural Chenier Island Reserve of Wudi( Wangzi Island and Dakouhe Island),but native species such as Apocynum venetum and Glycine soja were not found.At the level of vegetation classification,the main plant formations were shrubs of Ziziphus jujube var. spinosa,shrubs of Tamarix chinensis,meadows of Phragmites australis,meadows of Artemisia mongolica and meadows of Cynanchum chinense.The vegetation diversity indexes of Shannon-Wiener,Simpson,Margalef and Mc Intosh' s were 2. 70,0. 91,3. 42 and 0. 49,respectively.The Berger-Parker and JSW evenness indexes were 0. 15 and 0. 79,respectively. Among all plant species with important values greater than 1. 0,C. chinense had the biggest niche breath with 0. 35 for Levins niche breath and 1. 39 for Hurlbert niche breath,showing the strongest adaptation ability to the habitat. The next were P. australis,Messerschmidia sibirica,and Z. jujuba var. spinosa. The highest niche overlapping value was 0. 469,occurring between P. australis and Asparagus cochinchinensis.The followed one was that between Cuscuta chinensis and Calystegia soldanella.The niches of C. chinense overlapped with most of other species,leading to significant competitions between them.For most of herbaceous plants,their niche overlap values were small,so they usually existed with pure associations.Accordingly,attentions should be paid on the protection of Z. jujuba var. spinosa and T. chinensis,and on the management of C. chinense and C. chinensis in the Natural Chenier Island Reserve of Wudi.
Three sections of Wangzi Island were set up in the Natural Chenier Island Reserve of Wudi,and the ecological niche of vascular plants was studied using walking investigation and systematic sampling methods.Field surveys showed that there were 74 vascular species,belonging to 63 genera and 30 families in the Natural Chenier Island Reserve of Wudi( Wangzi Island and Dakouhe Island),but native species such as Apocynum venetum and Glycine soja were not found.At the level of vegetation classification,the main plant formations were shrubs of Ziziphus jujube var. spinosa,shrubs of Tamarix chinensis,meadows of Phragmites australis,meadows of Artemisia mongolica and meadows of Cynanchum chinense.The vegetation diversity indexes of Shannon-Wiener,Simpson,Margalef and Mc Intosh' s were 2. 70,0. 91,3. 42 and 0. 49,respectively.The Berger-Parker and JSW evenness indexes were 0. 15 and 0. 79,respectively. Among all plant species with important values greater than 1. 0,C. chinense had the biggest niche breath with 0. 35 for Levins niche breath and 1. 39 for Hurlbert niche breath,showing the strongest adaptation ability to the habitat. The next were P. australis,Messerschmidia sibirica,and Z. jujuba var. spinosa. The highest niche overlapping value was 0. 469,occurring between P. australis and Asparagus cochinchinensis.The followed one was that between Cuscuta chinensis and Calystegia soldanella.The niches of C. chinense overlapped with most of other species,leading to significant competitions between them.For most of herbaceous plants,their niche overlap values were small,so they usually existed with pure associations.Accordingly,attentions should be paid on the protection of Z. jujuba var. spinosa and T. chinensis,and on the management of C. chinense and C. chinensis in the Natural Chenier Island Reserve of Wudi.
引文
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[19]赵艳云,陆兆华,夏江宝,等.黄河三角洲贝壳堤岛3种优势灌木的根系构型[J].生态学报,2015,35(6):1688-1695.
[20]马晓勇,上官铁梁,庞军柱.太岳山森林群落优势种群生态位研究[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),2004,27(2):209-212.
[21]夏江宝,张淑勇,王荣荣,等.贝壳堤岛3种植被类型的土壤颗粒分形及水分生态特征[J].生态学报,2013,33(21):7013-7022.
[2]杜廷芹,黄海军,王珍岩,等.黄河三角洲北部贝壳堤岛的近期演变[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(3):23-29.
[3]MORALES J A,BORREGO J,DAVIS R A.A new mechanism for chenier development and a facies model of the Saltés Island chenier plain(SW Spain)[J].Geomorphology,2014,204(4):265-276.
[4]NEAL A,RICHARDS J,PYE K.Structure and development of shell cheniers in Essex,southeast England,investigated using high-frequency ground-penetrating radar[J].Marine Geology,2002,185(3):435-469.
[5]李世瑜.古代渤海湾西部海岸遗迹及地下文物的初步调查研究[J].考古,1962(12):652-657.
[6]潘怀剑,田家怡,谷奉天.黄河三角洲贝壳海岛与植物多样性保护[J].海洋环境科学,2001,20(3):54-59.
[7]田家怡,夏江宝,孙景宽.黄河三角洲贝壳堤岛生态保护与恢复[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2011:109-141.
[8]谢桐音,谢桂林,赫福霞,等.黄河三角洲贝壳堤岛跳虫群落研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2011,42(9):92-96.
[9]夏江宝,张淑勇,赵自国,等.贝壳堤岛旱柳光合效率的土壤水分临界效应及其阈值分级[J].植物生态学报,2013,37(9):851-860.
[10]胡正华,钱海源,于明坚.古田山国家级自然保护区甜槠林优势种群生态位[J].生态学报,2009(7):3670-3677.
[11]方精云,王襄平,沈泽昊,等.植物群落清查的主要内容、方法和技术规范[J].生物多样性,2009,17(6):533-548.
[12]LEVINS R.Evolution in changing environments:some theoretical explorations[M]∥Monographs in Population Biology,1968:1-132.
[13]HURLBERT S H.The measurement of niche overlap and some relatives[J].Ecology,1978,59(1):67-77.
[14]PIANKA E R.The structure of lizard communities[J].Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,1973,4(1):53-74.
[15]万方浩,刘全儒,谢明,等.生物入侵:中国外来入侵植物图谱[M].北京:科学出版社,2012:38-214.
[16]赵丽萍,段代祥.黄河三角洲贝壳堤岛自然保护区维管植物区系研究[J].武汉植物学研究,2009,27(5):552-556.
[17]赵艳云,田家怡,孙景宽,等.滨州北部贝沙堤生物多样性现状及影响因素的研究[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(2):136-140.
[18]王刚,赵松岭,张鹏云,等.关于生态位定义的探讨及生态位重叠计测公式改进的研究[J].生态学报,1984,4(2):119-127.
[19]赵艳云,陆兆华,夏江宝,等.黄河三角洲贝壳堤岛3种优势灌木的根系构型[J].生态学报,2015,35(6):1688-1695.
[20]马晓勇,上官铁梁,庞军柱.太岳山森林群落优势种群生态位研究[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),2004,27(2):209-212.
[21]夏江宝,张淑勇,王荣荣,等.贝壳堤岛3种植被类型的土壤颗粒分形及水分生态特征[J].生态学报,2013,33(21):7013-7022.