华北土石山区13种灌木树种蒸腾耗水特性比较
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摘要
研究树木的蒸腾耗水特征及其影响因子对干旱及半干旱地区造林树种的选择具有重要意义。采用盆栽苗木称重法对华北土石山区13种灌木树种耗水规律进行研究。结果表明:蒸腾速率日变化为单峰或双峰型,峰值出现在9∶00-11∶00或13∶00-15∶00。树种蒸腾速率主要受到太阳辐射强度和叶片气孔阻力的影响。水分利用效率在7∶00、17∶00时较高,WUE日均值依次为花木蓝(7.20μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O)、紫穗槐(4.95μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O)、蚂蚱腿子(4.40μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O)、孩儿拳头(4.10μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O)、三裂绣线菊(3.95μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O)、丁香(3. 92μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O)、黄栌(3. 85μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O)、胡枝子(3. 70μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O)、鼠李(3. 64μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O)、荆条(3. 32μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O)、平榛(3. 31μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O)、雀儿舌头(3. 09μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O)、溲疏(2.63μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O)。溲疏、荆条、孩儿拳头、雀儿舌头、鼠李、黄栌为高耗水植物,平榛为中耗水植物,蚂蚱腿子、三裂绣线菊、胡枝子、紫穗槐、丁香、花木蓝为低耗水植物。
The study on characteristics of transpiration and water consumption of plants and their influencing factors is of great significance for the selection of tree species for afforestation in arid and semiarid regions. In this study,the water consumption of 13 species of shrubs in mountain area of northern China is studied by pot seedlings weighing method. The results show that the diurnal variation of transpiration rate is single peak or bimodal peak,and the peak appears at 9 ∶ 00-11 ∶ 00 or 13 ∶ 00-15 ∶ 00; the transpiration rate of plants is mainly affected by solar radiation intensity and stomatal conductance; the water use efficiency is higher at 7 ∶ 00 and 17 ∶ 00,and the order of average daily WUE from large to small is Indigofera kirilowii(7.20 μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O),Amorpha fruticosa(4.95 μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O),Myripnois dioica(4. 40 μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O),Rungia Chinensis(4. 10 μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O),Spiraea trichocarpa(3. 95 μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O),Syzygium aromaticum(3.92 μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O),Cotinus coggygria(3.85 μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O),Lespedeza bicolor(3.70μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O),Rhamnua davurica(3. 64 μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O),Vitex negundo Var. heterophylla(3. 32 μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O),Corylus heterophylla(3.31 μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O),Andrachne chinensis(3.09 μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O),Deutzia scabra(2.63 μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O); Deutzia scabra,Vitex negundo Var.heterophylla,Rungia Chinensis,Andrachne chinensis,Rhamnua davurica,Cotinus coggygria are high water-consuming plants; Corylus heterophylla is a moderate water-consuming plant; Myripnois dioica,Spiraea trichocarpa,Lespedeza bicolor,Amorpha fruticosa,Syzygium aromaticum,Indigofera kirilowii are low water consumption plants.
The study on characteristics of transpiration and water consumption of plants and their influencing factors is of great significance for the selection of tree species for afforestation in arid and semiarid regions. In this study,the water consumption of 13 species of shrubs in mountain area of northern China is studied by pot seedlings weighing method. The results show that the diurnal variation of transpiration rate is single peak or bimodal peak,and the peak appears at 9 ∶ 00-11 ∶ 00 or 13 ∶ 00-15 ∶ 00; the transpiration rate of plants is mainly affected by solar radiation intensity and stomatal conductance; the water use efficiency is higher at 7 ∶ 00 and 17 ∶ 00,and the order of average daily WUE from large to small is Indigofera kirilowii(7.20 μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O),Amorpha fruticosa(4.95 μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O),Myripnois dioica(4. 40 μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O),Rungia Chinensis(4. 10 μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O),Spiraea trichocarpa(3. 95 μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O),Syzygium aromaticum(3.92 μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O),Cotinus coggygria(3.85 μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O),Lespedeza bicolor(3.70μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O),Rhamnua davurica(3. 64 μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O),Vitex negundo Var. heterophylla(3. 32 μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O),Corylus heterophylla(3.31 μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O),Andrachne chinensis(3.09 μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O),Deutzia scabra(2.63 μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O); Deutzia scabra,Vitex negundo Var.heterophylla,Rungia Chinensis,Andrachne chinensis,Rhamnua davurica,Cotinus coggygria are high water-consuming plants; Corylus heterophylla is a moderate water-consuming plant; Myripnois dioica,Spiraea trichocarpa,Lespedeza bicolor,Amorpha fruticosa,Syzygium aromaticum,Indigofera kirilowii are low water consumption plants.
引文
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[11]刘华,佘春燕,白志强,等.不同径级的西伯利亚红松树干液流及蒸腾耗水特征的差异[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(2):390-397.
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[14]李新宇,李延明,孙林,等.银杏蒸腾耗水与环境因子的关系研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2014,36(4):23-29.
[15]刘青.长沙市5种观赏灌木抗旱性的调查及试验[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2015.
[16]崔香,陈友媛,李亚平,等.不同土壤含水量下3种盆栽灌木耗水特性研究[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(3):77-80.
[17]孙龙,彭祚登,王佳茜,等.不同土壤水分对4个灌木能源树种生长和蒸腾耗水的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(10):54-61.
[18]徐利岗,苗正伟,杜历,等.干旱区枸杞树干液流变化特征及其影响因素[J].生态学报,2016,36(17):5 519-5 527.
[19]刘帮.不同灌溉方式下幼龄灰枣茎流变化规律及耗水特性研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2016.
[20] CAO S K,FENG Q,SI J H,et al. Summary on the plant water useefficiency at leaf level[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(7):3 882-3 892.
[21]武维华.植物生理学[M]. 2版.北京:科学出版社,2008.
[22] KRAMER P J. Water Relations of Plants[M]. Academic Press,1983:1 466-1 471.
[23]何茜,李吉跃,齐涛.植物生长调节剂对国槐蒸腾耗水的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2007,29(1):74-78.
[24]董蕾,李吉跃,谢堃,等. 5个楸树(Catalpa bungei)无性系耗水特性比较[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,(1):31-36.
[25]邵永昌,李娟娟,付达夫,等.上海地区8种落叶阔叶树夏季光合蒸腾特性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(4):30-38.
[26]程业森,赵晨光,高立平.阿拉善白刺生长季光合速率及蒸腾速率特征研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(11):161-168.
[27]刘春鹏,翟明普,马长明,等.华北石质山区4种乡土树种耗水特征[J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(7):29-32.
[28]陈慧新.北京山区主要树种光合蒸腾与耗水特性研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2008.
[29]王玉涛.北京城市优良抗旱节水植物材料的筛选与评价研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2008.
[30]王瑞辉,马履一.北京15种园林树木耗水性的比较研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2009,29(4):16-20.
[31]张文娟.大连市典型植物耗水与节水型绿地模式筛选研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009.
[32]胡畔.基于耗水规律的密云水源林营造技术与设计的研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012.
[2] BECKER M,NIEMINEN T M,GRMIA F. Short-term variationsand long-term changes in oak productivity in northeastern France. Therole of climate and atmospheric CO2[J]. Annales Des Sciences Fores-tieres,1994,51(5):477-492.
[3]韩文萍,丁贵杰,鲍斌.不同种源马尾松对干旱胁迫的生理生态响应[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2012,32(5):25-29.
[4] THAKUR P,KUMAR S,MALIK J A,et al. Cold stress effects on re-productive development in grain crops:an overview[J]. Environmen-tal&Experimental Botany,2010,67(3):429-443.
[5] CRAMER G R,URANO K,DELROT S,et al. Effects of abioticstress on plants:a systems biology perspective[J]. Bmc Plant Biolo-gy,2011,11(1):163.
[6]夏江宝,张淑勇,朱丽平,等.贝壳堤岛酸枣树干液流及光合参数对土壤水分的响应特征[J].林业科学,2014,50(10):24-32.
[7]王华田,张光灿,刘霞.论黄土丘陵区造林树种选择的原则[J].世界林业研究,2001,14(5):74-78.
[8]李德全.植物生理学[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,1999.
[9] NAGLER P L,GLENN E P,THOMPSON T L. Comparison of tran-spiration rates among saltcedar,cottonwood and willow trees by sapflow and canopy temperature methods[J]. Agricultural&Forest Mete-orology,2003,116(1-2):73-89.
[10]马履一,王华田,林平.北京地区几个造林树种耗水性比较研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2003,25(2):1-7.
[11]刘华,佘春燕,白志强,等.不同径级的西伯利亚红松树干液流及蒸腾耗水特征的差异[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(2):390-397.
[12]罗超,查同刚,朱梦洵,等.浅层地下水对华北地区河岸杨树林树干液流的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(5):1 401-1 407.
[13]卢志朋.辽西北沙地樟子松树干液流的变化特征及其影响因素[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(11):3 182-3 189.
[14]李新宇,李延明,孙林,等.银杏蒸腾耗水与环境因子的关系研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2014,36(4):23-29.
[15]刘青.长沙市5种观赏灌木抗旱性的调查及试验[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2015.
[16]崔香,陈友媛,李亚平,等.不同土壤含水量下3种盆栽灌木耗水特性研究[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(3):77-80.
[17]孙龙,彭祚登,王佳茜,等.不同土壤水分对4个灌木能源树种生长和蒸腾耗水的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(10):54-61.
[18]徐利岗,苗正伟,杜历,等.干旱区枸杞树干液流变化特征及其影响因素[J].生态学报,2016,36(17):5 519-5 527.
[19]刘帮.不同灌溉方式下幼龄灰枣茎流变化规律及耗水特性研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2016.
[20] CAO S K,FENG Q,SI J H,et al. Summary on the plant water useefficiency at leaf level[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(7):3 882-3 892.
[21]武维华.植物生理学[M]. 2版.北京:科学出版社,2008.
[22] KRAMER P J. Water Relations of Plants[M]. Academic Press,1983:1 466-1 471.
[23]何茜,李吉跃,齐涛.植物生长调节剂对国槐蒸腾耗水的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2007,29(1):74-78.
[24]董蕾,李吉跃,谢堃,等. 5个楸树(Catalpa bungei)无性系耗水特性比较[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,(1):31-36.
[25]邵永昌,李娟娟,付达夫,等.上海地区8种落叶阔叶树夏季光合蒸腾特性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(4):30-38.
[26]程业森,赵晨光,高立平.阿拉善白刺生长季光合速率及蒸腾速率特征研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(11):161-168.
[27]刘春鹏,翟明普,马长明,等.华北石质山区4种乡土树种耗水特征[J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(7):29-32.
[28]陈慧新.北京山区主要树种光合蒸腾与耗水特性研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2008.
[29]王玉涛.北京城市优良抗旱节水植物材料的筛选与评价研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2008.
[30]王瑞辉,马履一.北京15种园林树木耗水性的比较研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2009,29(4):16-20.
[31]张文娟.大连市典型植物耗水与节水型绿地模式筛选研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009.
[32]胡畔.基于耗水规律的密云水源林营造技术与设计的研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012.