心理韧性集体咨询对校园受欺凌小学生状态焦虑的影响
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摘要
研究探讨心理韧性集体咨询对校园受欺凌小学生状态焦虑的影响,预期通过心理韧性集体咨询提高受欺凌小学生心理韧性进而降低状态焦虑。研究采用2(干预组/对照组)×3(前测/后测/追踪)的被试内实验设计,干预组和对照组均16人,使用儿童受欺负类型问卷、状态焦虑量表和心理韧性量表作为前测、后测和追踪阶段的评估工具。研究发现:经过心理韧性集体咨询,干预组小学生心理韧性水平显著提升,状态焦虑和受欺凌水平均显著下降;干预对心理韧性、状态焦虑和受欺凌的效应可持续至干预结束后6个月。结论:心理韧性集体咨询通过提高心理韧性降低了状态焦虑水平。
The study aimed to investigate the effect of resilience group counseling on state anxiety of bullied pupils. The research adopted a 2 groups(intervention group/control group)×3 test times(pre/post/longitudinal) within-subjects design. Thirty-two pupils are divided into the intervention group(16 subjects) and the control group(16 subjects), Which are tested with the help of The Victimization Questionnaire, State Anxiety Inventory and The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale as an assessment tools for the pre,post and longitudinal tests. The results demonstrated that the resilience of pupils in the intervention group increase significantly, but state anxiety and feeling of being bullied decrease significantly at the end of resilience group counseling. In addition, the effect of intervention on resilience, state anxiety and being bullied can last for 6 months after the intervention. So it concluded that resilience group counseling is effective in reducing state anxiety via increasing the resilience of bullied pupils.
The study aimed to investigate the effect of resilience group counseling on state anxiety of bullied pupils. The research adopted a 2 groups(intervention group/control group)×3 test times(pre/post/longitudinal) within-subjects design. Thirty-two pupils are divided into the intervention group(16 subjects) and the control group(16 subjects), Which are tested with the help of The Victimization Questionnaire, State Anxiety Inventory and The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale as an assessment tools for the pre,post and longitudinal tests. The results demonstrated that the resilience of pupils in the intervention group increase significantly, but state anxiety and feeling of being bullied decrease significantly at the end of resilience group counseling. In addition, the effect of intervention on resilience, state anxiety and being bullied can last for 6 months after the intervention. So it concluded that resilience group counseling is effective in reducing state anxiety via increasing the resilience of bullied pupils.
引文
杜红梅,冯维.(2005).移情与后果认知训练对儿童欺负行为影响的实验研究.心理发展与教育,(2),81-86,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-4918.2005.02.015.
樊富珉.(1996).团体咨询的理论与实践.北京:清华大学出版社.
冯缦,刘利,刘娟,曹瑞霞,刘博,高晨阳.(2016).集体心理咨询提升大学生生命意义感的干预研究.中国心理卫生杂志,30(10),779-784,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2016.10.012.
李海垒,张文新.(2006).心理韧性研究综述.山东师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),51(3),149-152.
李海垒.(2006).受欺负儿童的心理韧性与抑郁、焦虑的关系(硕士学位论文).山东师范大学.
李晶晶.(2014).团体心理辅导对增强大学生心理韧性的实验研究--基于积极心理学理念(硕士学位论文).安徽医科大学.
黎亚军.(2016).青少年受欺负与自杀:抑郁的中介作用及性别差异.中国临床心理学杂志,24(2),282-286.
刘俊升,赵燕.(2013).童年中期受欺负与问题行为之关系:一项两年纵向研究.心理科学,36(3),632-637.
罗小芳,王强,齐娜娜.(2014).初中生心理韧性与孤独感的关系.中国健康心理学杂志,22(12),1912-1914.
桑青松.(2015).青少年道德学习.北京:中国人民大学出版社.
王永,王振宏.(2013).大学生的心理韧性及其与积极情绪、幸福感的关系.心理发展与教育,29(1),94-100.
席居哲,曾也恬,左志宏.(2015).中国心理弹性思想探源.中国临床心理学杂志,23(3),555-559.
席居哲,左志宏,Wu,W.(2012).心理韧性研究诸进路.心理科学进展,20(9),1426-1447.
徐明津,万鹏宇,杨新国.(2016).研究型心理咨询模式对中学生心理韧性的影响--以广西壮族自治区某中学为例.教育测量与评价,(10),59-64.
徐西森.(2003).团体动力与团体辅导.广州:广东世界图书出版公司.
杨雪岭,冯现刚,崔梓天.(2014).大学生的留守经历与心理韧性、心理病理症状.中国心理卫生杂志,28(3),227-233,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2014.03.012.
于肖楠,张建新.(2007).自我韧性量表与Connor-Davidson韧性量表的应用比较.心理科学,30(5),1169-1171,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-6981.2007.05.038.
张丽敏,田浩.(2014).流动儿童心理韧性的团体辅导干预研究.中国特殊教育,(10),14-19,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-3728.2014.10.003.
张文新,武建芬,Jones,K.(1999).Olweus儿童欺负问卷中文版的修订.心理发展与教育,(2),7-11,37.
赵金霞.(2012).儿童中期亲子依恋与焦虑症状的交叉滞后分析.心理发展与教育,(4),405-412.
中华人民共和国教育部.(2016).教育部等九部门关于防治中小学生欺凌和暴力的指导意见.2016-11-01取自http://www.csdp.edu.cn/article/1761.html
朱晓伟,范翠英,刘庆奇,张冬静,周宗奎.(2018).校园受欺负对儿童幸福感的影响:心理韧性的作用.中国临床心理学杂志,26(2),396-400.
Alschuler,K.N.,Kratz,A.L.,&Ehde,D.M.(2016).Resilience and vulnerability in individuals with chronic pain and physical disability.Rehabilitation Psychology,61(1),7-18.
Cao,Y.,&Liu,Z.K.(2015).Factor structure and factorial invariance of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Chinese children and adolescents.PsyCh Journal,4(2),74-87,doi:10.1002/pchj.v4.2.
Collishaw,S.,Hammerton,G.,Mahedy,L.,Sellers,R.,Owen,M.J.,Craddock,N.,...Thapar,A.(2016).Mental health resilience in the adolescent offspring of parents with depression:A prospective longitudinal study.The Lancet Psychiatry,3(1),49-57,doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00358-2.
Connor,K.M.,&Davidson,J.R.T.(2003).Development of a new resilience scale:The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC).Depression and Anxiety,18(2),76-82.
González-Carrasco,M.(2016).Silvia Exenberger,Barbara Juen:A review of well-being,resilience and quality of life from children’s perspectives.A contextualized approach.Applied Research in Quality of Life,11(1),317-319,doi:10.1007/s11482-015-9403-1.
Green,J.G.,Felix,E.D.,Sharkey,J.D.,Furlong,M.J.,&Kras,J.E.(2013).Identifying bully victims:Definitional versus behavioral approaches.Psychological Assessment,25(2),651-657,doi:10.1037/a0031248.
Hinduja,S.,&Patchin,J.W.(2017).Cultivating youth resilience to prevent bullying and cyberbullying victimization.Child Abuse&Neglect,73,51-62.
Kumpfer,K.L.(2002).Factors and processes contributing to resilience:The resilience framework.In M.D.Glantz&J.L.Johnson(Eds.),Resilience and development:Positive life adaptations(pp.179-224).Boston:Springer.
McLaren,S.,Gomez,R.,Bailey,M.,&van der Horst,R.K.(2007).The association of depression and sense of belonging with suicidal ideation among older adults:Applicability of resiliency models.Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior,37(1),89-102,doi:10.1521/suli.2007.37.1.89.
Reijntjes,A.,Kamphuis,J.H.,Prinzie,P.,&Telch,M.J.(2010).Peer victimization and internalizing problems in children:A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.Child Abuse&Neglect,34(4),244-252.
Richardson,G.E.(2002).The metatheory of resilience and resiliency.Journal of Clinical Psychology,58(3),307-321,doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1097-4679.
Rodkin,P.C.,Hanish,L.D.,Wang,S.,&Logis,H.A.(2014).Why the bully/victim relationship is so pernicious:A gendered perspective on power and animosity among bullies and their victims.Development and Psychopathology,26(3),689-704.
Shrout,P.E.,&Bolger,N.(2002).Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies:New procedures and recommendations.Psychological Methods,7(4),422-445.
樊富珉.(1996).团体咨询的理论与实践.北京:清华大学出版社.
冯缦,刘利,刘娟,曹瑞霞,刘博,高晨阳.(2016).集体心理咨询提升大学生生命意义感的干预研究.中国心理卫生杂志,30(10),779-784,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2016.10.012.
李海垒,张文新.(2006).心理韧性研究综述.山东师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),51(3),149-152.
李海垒.(2006).受欺负儿童的心理韧性与抑郁、焦虑的关系(硕士学位论文).山东师范大学.
李晶晶.(2014).团体心理辅导对增强大学生心理韧性的实验研究--基于积极心理学理念(硕士学位论文).安徽医科大学.
黎亚军.(2016).青少年受欺负与自杀:抑郁的中介作用及性别差异.中国临床心理学杂志,24(2),282-286.
刘俊升,赵燕.(2013).童年中期受欺负与问题行为之关系:一项两年纵向研究.心理科学,36(3),632-637.
罗小芳,王强,齐娜娜.(2014).初中生心理韧性与孤独感的关系.中国健康心理学杂志,22(12),1912-1914.
桑青松.(2015).青少年道德学习.北京:中国人民大学出版社.
王永,王振宏.(2013).大学生的心理韧性及其与积极情绪、幸福感的关系.心理发展与教育,29(1),94-100.
席居哲,曾也恬,左志宏.(2015).中国心理弹性思想探源.中国临床心理学杂志,23(3),555-559.
席居哲,左志宏,Wu,W.(2012).心理韧性研究诸进路.心理科学进展,20(9),1426-1447.
徐明津,万鹏宇,杨新国.(2016).研究型心理咨询模式对中学生心理韧性的影响--以广西壮族自治区某中学为例.教育测量与评价,(10),59-64.
徐西森.(2003).团体动力与团体辅导.广州:广东世界图书出版公司.
杨雪岭,冯现刚,崔梓天.(2014).大学生的留守经历与心理韧性、心理病理症状.中国心理卫生杂志,28(3),227-233,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2014.03.012.
于肖楠,张建新.(2007).自我韧性量表与Connor-Davidson韧性量表的应用比较.心理科学,30(5),1169-1171,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-6981.2007.05.038.
张丽敏,田浩.(2014).流动儿童心理韧性的团体辅导干预研究.中国特殊教育,(10),14-19,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-3728.2014.10.003.
张文新,武建芬,Jones,K.(1999).Olweus儿童欺负问卷中文版的修订.心理发展与教育,(2),7-11,37.
赵金霞.(2012).儿童中期亲子依恋与焦虑症状的交叉滞后分析.心理发展与教育,(4),405-412.
中华人民共和国教育部.(2016).教育部等九部门关于防治中小学生欺凌和暴力的指导意见.2016-11-01取自http://www.csdp.edu.cn/article/1761.html
朱晓伟,范翠英,刘庆奇,张冬静,周宗奎.(2018).校园受欺负对儿童幸福感的影响:心理韧性的作用.中国临床心理学杂志,26(2),396-400.
Alschuler,K.N.,Kratz,A.L.,&Ehde,D.M.(2016).Resilience and vulnerability in individuals with chronic pain and physical disability.Rehabilitation Psychology,61(1),7-18.
Cao,Y.,&Liu,Z.K.(2015).Factor structure and factorial invariance of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Chinese children and adolescents.PsyCh Journal,4(2),74-87,doi:10.1002/pchj.v4.2.
Collishaw,S.,Hammerton,G.,Mahedy,L.,Sellers,R.,Owen,M.J.,Craddock,N.,...Thapar,A.(2016).Mental health resilience in the adolescent offspring of parents with depression:A prospective longitudinal study.The Lancet Psychiatry,3(1),49-57,doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00358-2.
Connor,K.M.,&Davidson,J.R.T.(2003).Development of a new resilience scale:The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC).Depression and Anxiety,18(2),76-82.
González-Carrasco,M.(2016).Silvia Exenberger,Barbara Juen:A review of well-being,resilience and quality of life from children’s perspectives.A contextualized approach.Applied Research in Quality of Life,11(1),317-319,doi:10.1007/s11482-015-9403-1.
Green,J.G.,Felix,E.D.,Sharkey,J.D.,Furlong,M.J.,&Kras,J.E.(2013).Identifying bully victims:Definitional versus behavioral approaches.Psychological Assessment,25(2),651-657,doi:10.1037/a0031248.
Hinduja,S.,&Patchin,J.W.(2017).Cultivating youth resilience to prevent bullying and cyberbullying victimization.Child Abuse&Neglect,73,51-62.
Kumpfer,K.L.(2002).Factors and processes contributing to resilience:The resilience framework.In M.D.Glantz&J.L.Johnson(Eds.),Resilience and development:Positive life adaptations(pp.179-224).Boston:Springer.
McLaren,S.,Gomez,R.,Bailey,M.,&van der Horst,R.K.(2007).The association of depression and sense of belonging with suicidal ideation among older adults:Applicability of resiliency models.Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior,37(1),89-102,doi:10.1521/suli.2007.37.1.89.
Reijntjes,A.,Kamphuis,J.H.,Prinzie,P.,&Telch,M.J.(2010).Peer victimization and internalizing problems in children:A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.Child Abuse&Neglect,34(4),244-252.
Richardson,G.E.(2002).The metatheory of resilience and resiliency.Journal of Clinical Psychology,58(3),307-321,doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1097-4679.
Rodkin,P.C.,Hanish,L.D.,Wang,S.,&Logis,H.A.(2014).Why the bully/victim relationship is so pernicious:A gendered perspective on power and animosity among bullies and their victims.Development and Psychopathology,26(3),689-704.
Shrout,P.E.,&Bolger,N.(2002).Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies:New procedures and recommendations.Psychological Methods,7(4),422-445.