叶面喷施5-氨基乙酰丙酸对不同密度春玉米生长特性和产量的影响
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摘要
为探讨5-氨基乙酰丙酸(5-aminolevulinic acid,ALA)对不同密度春玉米生长发育和产量的影响,以中单909为材料,在玉米9展叶时期叶面喷施100mg/L ALA,以喷施等量清水为对照,在大田条件下研究ALA对不同密度春玉米群体(45 000、75 000、105 000株/hm~2)的作用效果。结果表明:ALA处理下,玉米45 000和75 000株/hm~2密度群体产量分别比对照增加9.7%和4.9%,75 000株/hm~2密度群体千粒重和收获期单株干物质积累量分别增加3.7%和4.3%,花后叶面积指数平均增加6.8%,SPAD值比对照分别平均增加2.5%,净光合速率平均比对照高15.7%。综上所述,ALA处理改善了大田玉米的群体结构,延缓了叶片衰老进程,提高了地上部分干物质积累量,进而提高了玉米单产水平,因此可作为东北春玉米高产稳产的技术措施。
To explore the effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA) on spring maize growth and yield and its physiological mechanisms, a split-spot experiment was conducted in Gongzhuling experiment station, Jilin Province.Maize hybrid Zhongdan 909 was used with low(45 000 plant/hm~2), middle(75 000 plant/hm~2) and high(105 000 plant/hm~2) planting population. The results showed that the yield increased by 9.7% and 4.9% in the densities of45 000 and 75 000 plant/hm~2 compared with the control ALA treatments, respectively. Under the density of 75 000 plant/hm~2, ALA treatment increased maize thousand kernel weight, dry matter accumulation at harvest, leaf area index after anthesis, SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate by 3.7%, 4.3%, 6.8%, 2.5% and 15.7%, respectively, compared with that of control treatment under the same plant density. In conclusion, ALA improved canopy structure of maize plant in field conditions, delayed leaf senescence process, increased aboveground dry matter accumulation, which in turn, increased maize yield. Therefore, ALA could be used as a technical measure for high and stable yield of spring maize in Northeast China.
To explore the effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA) on spring maize growth and yield and its physiological mechanisms, a split-spot experiment was conducted in Gongzhuling experiment station, Jilin Province.Maize hybrid Zhongdan 909 was used with low(45 000 plant/hm~2), middle(75 000 plant/hm~2) and high(105 000 plant/hm~2) planting population. The results showed that the yield increased by 9.7% and 4.9% in the densities of45 000 and 75 000 plant/hm~2 compared with the control ALA treatments, respectively. Under the density of 75 000 plant/hm~2, ALA treatment increased maize thousand kernel weight, dry matter accumulation at harvest, leaf area index after anthesis, SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate by 3.7%, 4.3%, 6.8%, 2.5% and 15.7%, respectively, compared with that of control treatment under the same plant density. In conclusion, ALA improved canopy structure of maize plant in field conditions, delayed leaf senescence process, increased aboveground dry matter accumulation, which in turn, increased maize yield. Therefore, ALA could be used as a technical measure for high and stable yield of spring maize in Northeast China.
引文
[1]李宁,翟志席,李建民,等.密度对不同株型的玉米农艺、根系性状及产量的影响.玉米科学,2008,16(5):98-102.
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[3]康琅,程云,汪良驹. 5-氨基乙酰丙酸对秋冬季大棚西瓜叶片光合作用及抗氧化酶活性的影响.西北植物学报,2006,26(11):2297-2301.
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[6]汪良驹,刘卫琴,孙国荣,等. ALA对萝卜不同叶位叶片光合作用与叶绿素荧光特性的影响.西北植物学报,2005,25(3):488-496.
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[8]高晶晶,冯新新,段春慧,等. ALA提高苹果叶片光合性能与果实品质的效应.果树学报,2013,30(6):944-951.
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[11]刘玉梅,艾希珍,于贤昌. 5-氨基乙酰丙酸对亚适宜温光条件下黄瓜幼苗光合特性的影响.园艺学报,2010,37(1):65-71.
[12]汪良驹,姜卫兵,黄保健. 5-氨基乙酰丙酸对弱光下甜瓜幼苗光合作用和抗冷性的促进效应.园艺学报,2004,31(3):321-326.
[13]徐刚,刘涛,高文瑞,等. ALA对低温胁迫下辣椒植株生长及光合特性的影响.江苏农业学报,2011,27(3):612-616.
[14]张治平,张丽丽. 5-氨基乙酰丙酸对油菜幼苗抗冷性和抗氧化系统的影响.江苏农业科学,2014,42(2):52-55.
[15]刘涛,郭世荣,徐刚,等. 5-氨基乙酰丙酸对辣椒植株低温胁迫伤害的缓解效应.西北植物学报,2010,30(10):2047-2053.
[16]赵艳艳,燕飞,胡立盼,等. 5-氨基乙酰丙酸对NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗光合特性的影响.应用生态学报,2014,25(10):2919-2926.
[17]Korkmaz A,Korkmaz Y,Demirkiran A R. Enhancing chilling stress tolerance of pepper seedlings by exogenous application of5-aminolevulinic acid. Environmental and Experimental Botany,2009,67(3):495-501.
[18]魏中伟,马国辉,龙继锐,等. 5-氨基乙酰丙酸叶面肥对杂交晚稻光合作用和产量的影响.湖南农业科学,2013(7):65-67,72.
[19]杨文平,王春虎,李恒昌.叶面喷施ALA对水稻豫粳6号干物质积累及运转的影响.湖北农业科学,2011,50(7):1313-1314,1318.
[20]徐晓洁,邹志荣,乔飞,等. ALA对NaCl胁迫下不同品种番茄植株光合作用、保护酶活性及果实产量的影响.干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(4):131-135.
[21]童金珠,邹志荣.外源ALA对NaCl胁迫下不同品种西葫芦生理特性及产量的影响.干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(4):116-120.
[22]鄢岩,贺会强,陈振东,等. 5-氨基乙酰丙酸和叶面肥对荒漠区设施番茄和辣椒生长发育、产量和品质的影响.西北农业学报,2016,25(10):1515-1521.
[23]Han Y L,Li H,Miao Y H,et al. Effects of illumination intensity,5-aminolevulinic acid concentration and their interaction on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield of summer maize.Agricultural Science&Technology,2013,14(5):757-762,805.
[24]Hotta Y,Tanaka T,Takaoka H,et al. New physiological effects of5-aminolevulinic acid in plants:the increase of photosynthesis,chlorophyll content and plant growth. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry,1997,61(12):2025-2028.
[25]HottaY,TanakaH,TakaokaY,etal.Promotiveeffectsof5-aminolevulinic acid on the yield of several crops. Plant Growth Regulation,1997,22(2):109-114.
[26]要娟娟,薛泽民,赵萍萍,等.施肥与种植密度对春玉米SPAD值的影响.山西农业科学,2011,39(10):1060-1063.
[27]Tanaka Y,Tanaka A,Tsuji H. Effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid on the accumulation of chlorophyll b and apoproteins of the lightharvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complex of photosystemⅡ. Plant and Cell Physiology,1993,34(3):465-472.
[28]Sasaki K,Marquez F J,Nishio N,et al. Promotive effects of5-aminolevulinic acid on the growth and photosynthesis of Spirulina platensis. Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering,1995,19(5):453-457.
[2]王娜,李凤海,王志斌,等.不同耐密型玉米品种茎秆性状对密度的响应及与倒伏的关系.作物杂志,2011(3):67-70.
[3]康琅,程云,汪良驹. 5-氨基乙酰丙酸对秋冬季大棚西瓜叶片光合作用及抗氧化酶活性的影响.西北植物学报,2006,26(11):2297-2301.
[4]Bindu R C,Vivekanandan M. Hormonal activities of 5-aminolevulinic acid in callus induction and micropropagation. Plant Growth Regulation,1998,26(1):15-18.
[5]毛丽萍,任君,张星辉. ALA对低温胁迫下西葫芦幼苗光合特性的影响.中国农学通报,2011,27(16):142-145.
[6]汪良驹,刘卫琴,孙国荣,等. ALA对萝卜不同叶位叶片光合作用与叶绿素荧光特性的影响.西北植物学报,2005,25(3):488-496.
[7]孙阳,王燚,孟瑶,等.外源5-氨基乙酰丙酸对低温胁迫下玉米幼苗生长及光合特性的影响.作物杂志,2016(5):87-93.
[8]高晶晶,冯新新,段春慧,等. ALA提高苹果叶片光合性能与果实品质的效应.果树学报,2013,30(6):944-951.
[9]Castelfranco P A,Beale S I. Chlorophyll biosynthesis:recent advances and areas of current interest. Annual Review of Plant Physiology,1983,34:241-278.
[10]徐刚,刘涛,高文瑞,等. 5-氨基乙酰丙酸对蔬菜生理作用的研究进展.金陵科技学院学报,2010,26(4):52-57.
[11]刘玉梅,艾希珍,于贤昌. 5-氨基乙酰丙酸对亚适宜温光条件下黄瓜幼苗光合特性的影响.园艺学报,2010,37(1):65-71.
[12]汪良驹,姜卫兵,黄保健. 5-氨基乙酰丙酸对弱光下甜瓜幼苗光合作用和抗冷性的促进效应.园艺学报,2004,31(3):321-326.
[13]徐刚,刘涛,高文瑞,等. ALA对低温胁迫下辣椒植株生长及光合特性的影响.江苏农业学报,2011,27(3):612-616.
[14]张治平,张丽丽. 5-氨基乙酰丙酸对油菜幼苗抗冷性和抗氧化系统的影响.江苏农业科学,2014,42(2):52-55.
[15]刘涛,郭世荣,徐刚,等. 5-氨基乙酰丙酸对辣椒植株低温胁迫伤害的缓解效应.西北植物学报,2010,30(10):2047-2053.
[16]赵艳艳,燕飞,胡立盼,等. 5-氨基乙酰丙酸对NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗光合特性的影响.应用生态学报,2014,25(10):2919-2926.
[17]Korkmaz A,Korkmaz Y,Demirkiran A R. Enhancing chilling stress tolerance of pepper seedlings by exogenous application of5-aminolevulinic acid. Environmental and Experimental Botany,2009,67(3):495-501.
[18]魏中伟,马国辉,龙继锐,等. 5-氨基乙酰丙酸叶面肥对杂交晚稻光合作用和产量的影响.湖南农业科学,2013(7):65-67,72.
[19]杨文平,王春虎,李恒昌.叶面喷施ALA对水稻豫粳6号干物质积累及运转的影响.湖北农业科学,2011,50(7):1313-1314,1318.
[20]徐晓洁,邹志荣,乔飞,等. ALA对NaCl胁迫下不同品种番茄植株光合作用、保护酶活性及果实产量的影响.干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(4):131-135.
[21]童金珠,邹志荣.外源ALA对NaCl胁迫下不同品种西葫芦生理特性及产量的影响.干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(4):116-120.
[22]鄢岩,贺会强,陈振东,等. 5-氨基乙酰丙酸和叶面肥对荒漠区设施番茄和辣椒生长发育、产量和品质的影响.西北农业学报,2016,25(10):1515-1521.
[23]Han Y L,Li H,Miao Y H,et al. Effects of illumination intensity,5-aminolevulinic acid concentration and their interaction on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield of summer maize.Agricultural Science&Technology,2013,14(5):757-762,805.
[24]Hotta Y,Tanaka T,Takaoka H,et al. New physiological effects of5-aminolevulinic acid in plants:the increase of photosynthesis,chlorophyll content and plant growth. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry,1997,61(12):2025-2028.
[25]HottaY,TanakaH,TakaokaY,etal.Promotiveeffectsof5-aminolevulinic acid on the yield of several crops. Plant Growth Regulation,1997,22(2):109-114.
[26]要娟娟,薛泽民,赵萍萍,等.施肥与种植密度对春玉米SPAD值的影响.山西农业科学,2011,39(10):1060-1063.
[27]Tanaka Y,Tanaka A,Tsuji H. Effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid on the accumulation of chlorophyll b and apoproteins of the lightharvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complex of photosystemⅡ. Plant and Cell Physiology,1993,34(3):465-472.
[28]Sasaki K,Marquez F J,Nishio N,et al. Promotive effects of5-aminolevulinic acid on the growth and photosynthesis of Spirulina platensis. Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering,1995,19(5):453-457.