空间微波部件内二次电子累积及其与传输特性的关系
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摘要
针对微放电过程中的电子累积效应,探索二次电子累积对微波部件传输特性的影响,提出二次电子累积"等效介质"的理论模型,通过将电子累积等效为"特殊介质",从介质的角度探索电子累积对传输特性的影响,推导得到不同电子累积密度所形成不同"等效介质"的相对介电常数。仿真和计算结果表明,微放电过程中,电子累积密度从0增长至10~(16)/m~3数量级时,传输特性基本不发生变化;但是当电子累积密度达到10~(17)/m~3数量级时,阻抗变换器的通带内回波损耗恶化了15dB;随着电子累积密度继续增大,"等效介质"对电磁波的反射迅速增强,微波部件的传输特性急剧恶化;在电子累积密度达到4×10~(17)/m~3时,电磁波在阻抗变换器中的传输处于完全截止状态。为了进一步探讨导致传输特性恶化的深层原因,发现在电子累积密度达到4×10~(17)/m~3时,在2.5~5GHz的频率范围内,电子累积形成"等效介质"的相对介电常数呈现为负值,电磁波传输截止,"等效介质"表现出单负介电常数超材料的特性,即导致阻抗变换器传输特性恶化的原因是单负介质材料的形成。研究有益于更深入地认识微放电形成过程中的深层物理机理及其对宏观电性能的影响,为寻求更加有效的抑制方法提供理论依据。
The relationship between the accumulation of multipacting electrons and the variation of the transmission properties in microwave components was studied.An equivalent media model was proposed to describe the electron accumulation during multipactor,whereeffects of the electrons′accumulation were approximated as a media with special relative permittivity.The value of the special relative permittivity was calculated equivalently corresponding to the electron density.Simulation and calculation results indicate that the transmission properties of the microwave components remain unchanged when the density of electrons increased from 0/m~3 to 1×10~(16)/m~3 during multipactor.However,the return loss in the pass band frequencies dropped 15 dB when the electron density reached 1×10~(17)/m~3.As the increasing of the electron density,the reflection of electromagnetic wave caused by"equivalent media" increased rapidly which made the transmission properties of the microwave components deteriorates sharply.The simulation was coincide with the results of theoretical analysis,which indicated that the transmission was even cut off when the density of electrons increased to the magnitude of 4×10~(17)/m~3.In addition,when the electron density reached 4×10~(17)/m~3(in the frequency range of 2.5~5GHz),the relative permittivity of the"equivalent media" was negative and the transmission cut off.This research is helpful to understand the mechanism and the electrical characteristics changes of microwave components due to multipactor,providing an effective theoretical principle for multipactor suppression.
The relationship between the accumulation of multipacting electrons and the variation of the transmission properties in microwave components was studied.An equivalent media model was proposed to describe the electron accumulation during multipactor,whereeffects of the electrons′accumulation were approximated as a media with special relative permittivity.The value of the special relative permittivity was calculated equivalently corresponding to the electron density.Simulation and calculation results indicate that the transmission properties of the microwave components remain unchanged when the density of electrons increased from 0/m~3 to 1×10~(16)/m~3 during multipactor.However,the return loss in the pass band frequencies dropped 15 dB when the electron density reached 1×10~(17)/m~3.As the increasing of the electron density,the reflection of electromagnetic wave caused by"equivalent media" increased rapidly which made the transmission properties of the microwave components deteriorates sharply.The simulation was coincide with the results of theoretical analysis,which indicated that the transmission was even cut off when the density of electrons increased to the magnitude of 4×10~(17)/m~3.In addition,when the electron density reached 4×10~(17)/m~3(in the frequency range of 2.5~5GHz),the relative permittivity of the"equivalent media" was negative and the transmission cut off.This research is helpful to understand the mechanism and the electrical characteristics changes of microwave components due to multipactor,providing an effective theoretical principle for multipactor suppression.
引文
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[3]崔万照,杨晶,张娜.空间金属材料的二次电子发射系数测量研究[J].空间电子技术,2013,10(2):75-78.CUI W Z,YANG J,ZHANG N.Testing method of the secondary electron emission yield of space metal meterials[J].Space Electronic Technology,2013,10(2):75-78(in Chinese).
[4]LI Y,CUI W Z,WANG H G.Simulation investigation of multipactor in metal components for space application with an improved secondary emission model[J].Physics of Plasmas,2015,22:053108.
[5]LI Y,CUI W Z,ZHANG N.Three-dimensional simulation method of multipactor in microwave components for highpower space application[J].Chin.Phys.B,2014,23(3):000001.
[6]CUI W Z,LI Y,YANG J.An efficient multipaction suppression method in microwave components for space application[J].Chin.Phys.B,2016,25(6):068401.
[7]陈宪锋,沈小明,蒋美萍,等.对称单负介质包层平面波导的模式特征[J].物理学报,2008,57(6):3578-3582.CHEN X F,SHEN X M,JIANG M P,et al.The mode characteristics of a symmetrical slab waveguide with single-negative-material cladding[J].Acta Phys.Sin.,2008,57(6):3578-3582(in Chinese).
[8]董丽娟,江海涛,杨成全,等.负介电常数材料和负磁导率材料双层结构的透射特性[J].物理学报,2007,56(8):4657-4660.DONG L J,JIANG H T,YANG C Q,et al.The transmission properties of pairing structure of negative permittivity and negative permeability materials[J].Acta Phys.Sin.,2007,56(8):4657-4660(in Chinese).
[9]隋强,李廉林,李芳.负介电常数和负磁导率微波媒质的实验[J].中国科学,2003,33(5):416-427(in Chinese).SUI Q,LI L L,LI F.The experiment of negative permittivity and negative permeability microwave materials[J].Science in China,2003,33(5):416-427(in Chinese).
[10]崔万照,胡天存,陈燕.电磁超介质研究进展[J].空间电子技术,2009,6(3):78-83.CUI W Z,HU T C,CHEN Y.Advances in research on electromagnetic metamaterial[J].Space Electronic Technology,2009,6(3):78-83(in Chinese).
[11]崔万照,王瑞,张洪太,等.电磁超介质及其应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2014.CUI W Z,WANG R,ZHANG H T,et al.Electromagnetic metamaterials and applications[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2014(in Chinese).
[12]CHEN F F.Introduction to plasma physics[M].[s.l.]:Springer US,1974.
[13]KONG J A.Electromagnetic wave theory[M].Cambridge:EMW Publishing,2008.
[14]杨儒贵.高等电磁理论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2008.YANG R G.Advanced electromagnetic theory[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2008(in Chinese).